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FIGURES 34 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 34‾40. SEM images of Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. 34. Notogaster and prodorsum, dorsal view; 35. Ventral plate and subcapitulum, ventral view; 36. Rostrum, frontal view; 37. Prodorsum, lateral view; 38. Genital plates, showing ornamentation, triangular arrows indicate protuberances; 39. Left tibiae IV, showing detail of φ solenidium, arrows indicate thickening; 40. Cerotegumentary granulation, bothridial setae bs and interlamellar setae in.

FIGURES 26 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 26‾30. Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. 26. Subcapitulum, ventral view; 27. Right pteromorph; 28. Left chelicera, antiaxial view; 29. Structure of cerotegument; 30. Left leg I of holotype, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 µm.

FIGURES 22 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 22‾25. Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. 22. Notogaster, dorsal view; 23. Ventral plate; 24. Lateral region, pteromorph and legs omitted; 25. Prodorsal setae. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURES 1 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 1‾4. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. 1. Notogaster dorsal view; 2. Ventral plate; 3. Prodorsum; 4. Lateral region, pteromorph and legs omitted. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURES 13 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 13‾14. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. 13. Right leg III of holotype, paraxial view; 14. Right leg IV of holotype, paraxial view. Scale bars 20 µm.

FIGURES 5 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 5‾10. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. 5. Prodorsal setae; 6. Subcapitulum, ventral view; 7. Left chelicera, antiaxial view; 8. Posterior region of ventral plate; 9. Structure of cerotegument; 10. Right pteromorph. Scale bars 20 µm.

FIGURES 31 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 31‾33. Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. 31. Left leg II of holotype, paraxial view; 32. Right leg III of holotype, antiaxial view; 33. Right leg IV of holotype, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 µm.

FIGURES 54 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 54‾60. SEM images of Pergalumna dactylaris sp. nov. 54. Notogaster and prodorsum, dorsal view; 55. Ventral plate and subcapitulum, ventral view; 56. Rostrum, frontal view; 57. Prodorsum, lateral view; 58. Genital plates, showing ornamentation; 59. Cerotegument ornamentation; 60. Bothridial setae bs. Arrows indicate integument ornamentation.

FIGURES 50 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 50‾51. Pergalumna dactylaris sp. nov. 50. Right leg I of holotype, antiaxial view; 51. Right leg II of holotype, antiaxial view. Scale bars 20 µm.

FIGURES 45 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 45‾49. Pergalumna dactylaris sp. nov. 45. Prodorsal setae; 46. Right chelicera, paraxial view; 47. Subcapitulum, ventral view; 48. Posterior region; 49. Right pteromorph. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURES 15 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 15‾21. SEM images of Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. 15. Notogaster and prodorsum, dorsal view; 16. Ventral plate and subcapitulum, ventral view; 17. Rostrum, frontal view; 18. Prodorsum and notogaster, lateral view; 19. Genital plates, showing ornamentation; 20. Bothridial setae bs and interlamellar setae in; 21. Lamellar seta le, showing cerotegument granulation.

FIGURES 11 in Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico

FIGURES 11‾12. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. 11. Left leg I of holotype, antiaxial view; 12. Right leg II of holotype, paraxial view. Scale bars 20 µm.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Defaunated and invaded insular tropical rainforests will not recover alone: recruitment limitation factors disentangled by hierarchical models of spontaneous and assisted regeneration

<ol> <li>Most tropical forests are now severely degraded and their ability to recover is highly dependent on frugivores which ensure seed dispersal for most woody plants. The global collapse of large vertebrates therefore raises major concerns about tropical forest succession, but few field studies have been conducted to disentangle recruitment limitations during disrupted succession.</li> <li>This study took place on Réunion (Mascarenes) where all large native frugivores have been extinct since human colonisation in 1665 and where multiple invasions threaten native ecosystems. We set up 20 experimental blocks on a lava flow dated back to 1800, in plant-impoverished post-defaunation vegetation bordered by old-growth forests. We assessed fecundity, seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of the complete fleshy-fruited plant community and used Bayesian analyses to disentangle the impact of multiple factors on these key processes. In the same blocks, we sowed four native trees assumed to be disperserless to test their capacity to establish, controlling for two additional post-dispersal limitations (seed predation and competition with invasive plants).</li> <li>On the flow, small-seeded native plants were fairly dispersed but did not recruit, probably due to strong competition with invasive plants; the few native species that recruited somehow were mostly medium-seeded plants that were still dispersed; large-seeded plants were absent from seed rain (which shows that invasive frugivores did not replace extinct ones) and subsequently from spontaneous recruitment. Instead, some alien plants, notably the tiny-seeded highly-dispersed Clidemia hirta and the medium-seeded Psidium cattleianum largely dominated seedling recruitment. Native plants recruited better at the forest margin, including some large-seeded species nearby mother trees.</li> <li>Sown large-seeded species were able to emerge and survive in all plots whatever the treatment, which demonstrates that dispersal loss was the primary cause of regeneration failure on the flow. </li> <li> Synthesis. The strong modulation of the establishment capacity of native plants by seed mass shows that invasive plants win by forfeit of large-seeded plants after native frugivores loss. Our study emphasises the fundamental role of dispersal loss and competition with invasive plants in the disruption of ecological succession, as well as the urgency of restoring seed dispersal and strengthening biosecurity regulations.</li> </ol>

opennotspecifiedJun 2000View details →

Fig. 1 in Species Richness Of Dung-Feeding Beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) In Tropical Rainforest At Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 1. Species accumulation graph for dungfeeding beetles collected by ground baited pitfall trap.

Figure 4 in Calling phenology of anurans in a tropical rainforest in South Mexico: testing predictive models

Figure 4. Best models of each general structure. Model 6 (M6) for linear and 13 (M13) for sinusoidal structure. I = relative calling intensity, t = time. The solid lines represent the predictions of the models; the points represent the data acquired from the ARS.

Figure 3 in Calling phenology of anurans in a tropical rainforest in South Mexico: testing predictive models

Figure 3. Rose-diagram of anuran assemblage relative calling intensity. The length and colour (light = low, dark = high) of the bars from the centre indicate the intensity of vocalisation for the temporal section. A Rayleigh z test for unimodal orientation was performed, resulting in significant evidence of non-uniform distribution of vocalisations across the year (P = 0.0303).

Figure 1 in Calling phenology of anurans in a tropical rainforest in South Mexico: testing predictive models

Figure 1. Study site location and land use, natural protected area of Nahá, Ocosingo, Chiapas, México.

Figure 2. a in Calling phenology of anurans in a tropical rainforest in South Mexico: testing predictive models

Figure 2. a) Calling anuran species recorded at temporary sections (7 months). The horizontal axis corresponds to temporary sections and the vertical to species. b) Average temperature T � (° C) (continuous line) and accumulated rainfall Ra (dashed line) by temporary section (32 in 7 months). Both graphs share the horizontal axis, where breaks indicate recording gaps, and the numbers are the days of the months covered.

opennotspecifiedJan 2009View details →

Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae

Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.