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opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes

This dataset consists of banding data (N = 1589 captures, 129 bird species), including morphological and breeding biology measures, collected from understory birds in subtropical cloudforest at roughly 2000 m.a.s.l. in the municipality of El Cairo in Colombia's Western Andes (Serrania de los Paraguas range). Roughly 8,350 net hours were divided into two three-month field seasons (June-August 2017 and January-March 2018), both corresponding to local dry seasons. Birds were banded along 500-meter transects in forest interior across a gradient of forest fragment patch sizes (N = 8 fragments, area range = 10-173 ha) and a private ~750 ha reserve (Reserva Natural Cerro El Ingles) in the same landscape. Each non-hummingbird capture was fitted with an aluminum leg band with a unique combination, and we collected data on mass, tarsus length, wing chord, pectoral muscle score, cloacal protuberance and brood patch score, and age and sex (where possible due to plumage differences). We captured 101 species (including 6 boreal migrants) in 844 captures (53%) during the January-March sampling period and 102 species in 745 captures during the June-August sampling period; each site was sampled during both sampling periods. The most captured bird families were Trochilidae (24 spp., 36% of total captures), Thraupidae (17 spp.), Tyrannidae (16 spp.), Furnariidae (14 spp.), and Turdidae (6 spp.). A subset of these data (uploaded as a separate file) were used to calculate body condition indices for 20 species of commonly captured birds (N = 984 captures) that occured across much of the patch size gradient (at least 8 out of 14 transects), and were related to fragment area and measures of edge and selective logging effects (see Jones et al. 2022). In this file, we include all predictor variables necessary to run the generalized linear mixed models in Jones et al. (2022), including proportion forest cover within 1 km (a proxy for patch size), edge density, average distance to forest edge from the netting transect, average canopy cover and height along the transect, multivariate measures of understory plant density, large-diameter tree density, and vertical vegetation structure, elevation of each transect, and average yearly rainfall for each transect.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies

Fig. 3. Distribution of Nosema in bee colonies (Apis mellifera) throughout the Tomsk

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies

Fig. 1. Dynamics of infestation of bee colonies and apiaries with Nosema spp. in 2012–

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies

Fig. 4. Long-term dynamics of infestation of apiaries with different Nosema species in

Figure 9 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 9. Preserved and cleared epigynum of paratype female (♀ #3) Maratus expolitus. A, Ventral view. B, Dorsal view.

Figure 11 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 11. Habitat of Maratus expolitus. A, Crows Nest National Park, Queensland. Photo provided by Martin Stevens, used with permission. B, Dandenong Ranges National Park, Victoria. Photo provided by Nick Monaghan, used with permission.

Figure 10 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 10. Distribution of Maratus expolitus in eastern Australia. Localities for examined material are indicated

Figure 8 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 8. Epigyna of four preserved paratype female (♀ #7,8) Maratus expolitus, ventral view, showing spermathecal and septal variation.

Figure 6 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 6. Preserved paratype ♀ Maratus expolitus. A-D, Dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views (♀ #3). E-H, Dorsal views (♀ #7,8).

Figure 2 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 2. Preserved holotype (♂ #1) Maratus expolitus. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Lateral view. D, anterior view.

Figure 4. Preserved male Maratus expolitus, left pedipalp. A, Prolateral view. B, Retroventral view. C, Retroventral view. D in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 4. Preserved male Maratus expolitus, left pedipalp. A, Prolateral view. B, Retroventral view. C, Retroventral view. D, Detailed retrolateral view of apices of the embolus (outline). Photos A-C provided by Robert Whyte, used with permission.

Figure 5 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 5. Habitus of a living female Maratus expolitus. A, Lateral view. B, Dorsal view. C, Posterolateral view. D, Posterolateral view. E, Anterodorsal view. F, Dorsal view.

Figure 1 in Maratus expolitus: a new widespread peacock spider from Australia's east coast (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)

Figure 1. Habitus of a living male Maratus expolitus. A, Dorsal view. B, Anterolateral view. C, Anterior view. D, Lateral view. E, Posterolateral view. F, Posterior view.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Widespread variation in functional trait-vital rate relationships in tropical tree seedlings across a precipitation and soil phosphorus gradient

A fundamental assumption of functional ecology is that functional traits are related to interspecific variation in performance. However, the relationship between functional traits and performance is often weak or uncertain, especially for plants. A potential explanation for this inconsistency is that the relationship between functional traits and vital rates (e.g., growth and mortality) is dependent on local environmental conditions, which would lead to variation in trait-rate relationships across environmental gradients. In this study, we examined trait-rate relationships for six functional traits (seed mass, wood density, maximum height, leaf mass per area, leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) using long-term data on seedling growth and survival of woody plant species from eight forest sites spanning a pronounced precipitation and soil phosphorus gradient in central Panama. For all traits considered except for leaf mass per area-mortality, leaf mass per area-growth, and leaf area-mortality relationships, we found widespread variation in the strength of trait-rate relationships across sites. For some traits, trait-rate relationships showed no overall trend but displayed wide site-to-site variation. In a small subset of cases, variation in trait-rate relationships was explained by soil phosphorus availability. Our results demonstrate that environmental gradients have the potential to influence how functional traits are related to growth and mortality rates, though much variation remains to be explained. Accounting for site-to-site variation may help resolve a fundamental issue in trait-based ecology – that traits are often weakly related to performance – and improve the utility of functional traits for explaining key ecological and evolutionary processes.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Clinal variation in quantitative traits but not in evolutionary potential along elevational and latitudinal gradients in the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria

Premise of the study Strong elevational and latitudinal gradients allow the study of genetic differentiation in response to similar environmental changes. However, it is uncertain whether the environmental changes along the two types of gradients result in similar genetically based changes in quantitative traits. Peripheral arctic and alpine populations are thought to have a lower evolutionary potential than more central ones. Methods We studied quantitative traits of the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria in a common garden. Plants originated from 20 populations along a 2000 m elevational gradient from the lowlands to the elevational limit of the species in the Alps, and from 20 populations along a 2400 km latitudinal gradient from the centre of the distribution of the species in Central Europe to its northern distributional margin. Key results Several traits showed similar clinal variation with elevation and latitude of origin. Higher QST-values than FST-values in some traits indicated divergent selection. The same traits were subject to strongly diversifying selection among populations (high QST) and strong stabilising selection within populations (low evolvability). Genetic diversity of most quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers was only weakly correlated. Plasticity in response to benign conditions declined with both increasing elevation and latitude of origin, but the evolvability of most traits did not. Conclusions The clinal variation suggests adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits along the two gradients. Our results indicate that the evolutionary potential of peripheral populations is not necessarily reduced. However, lower plasticity may threaten their survival under rapidly changing climatic conditions.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Widespread plant species temporal variation along environmental and microclimate gradients in Norwegian mountains

The effect of climate change on mountain vegetation is influenced by environmental factors and site effects. To monitor the effect of climate change we therefore need to understand species sensitivity to microclimate and environmental gradients. The objective of this study is to study widespread plant species temporal and spatial variation along environmental and microclimate gradients in Norwegian mountains along a coast-inland gradient. Occurrence and abundance of plant species were surveyed in 110 study plots in four mountains at two points in time, seven years apart. Of the 222 plant species registered, Salix herbacea, Phyllodoce caerulea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Vaccinium myrtillus, Avenella flexuosa, and Empetrum nigrum were widespread across all mountains. These species responded differently to environmental and microclimate gradients, and abundance data was more sensitive than occurrence data. During the short time span we observed some indications of response which might support the assumption that boreal species outcompete alpine species in the forest transition zone, but our data does not indicate this effect at higher altitudes. Monitoring of climate change in mountains need to include plots along environmental and microclimate gradients as well as abundance of a set of wide-spread plant species that represent both regional and local environmental and climate gradients. However, when monitoring perennial plant species, the necessity of long-time monitoring projects is high because such species develop slowly over several decades.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Climate change mitigation potential of widespread cover crop adoption in U.S.

This geospatial dataset represents climate change mitigation benefits from widespread cover crop adoption on U.S. cropland. We simulated changes in soil organic carbon stocks and nitrous oxide fluxes over a 20-year period for baseline cover crop adoption rates (derived from historical adoption rates) and a high cover crop adoption (80%) scenario in the continental U.S. Data were generated using the DayCent ecosystem model driven by cropping histories in the USDA National Resources Inventory (NRI) and associated agricultural management data. Here we present the mean and standard deviation of annual soil organic carbon stock changes and nitrous oxide fluxes for both baseline and high cover crop adoption scenarios on a county level.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Symbionts out of sync: decoupled physiological responses are widespread and ecologically important in lichen associations

A core vulnerability in symbioses is the need for coordination between the symbiotic partners, which are often assumed to be closely physiologically integrated. We critically re-examine this assumed integration in lichen symbioses, recovering a long overlooked yet fundamental physiological asymmetry in carbon balance. We examine the physiological, ecological and transcriptional basis of this asymmetry in the lichen Evernia mesomorpha. This carbon balance asymmetry depends on hydration source and aligns with climatic range limits. Differences in gene expression across the E. mesomorpha symbiosis suggest that the physiologies of the primary lichen symbionts are decoupled. Furthermore, we use gas-exchange data to show that asymmetries in carbon balance are widespread and common across evolutionarily disparate lichen associations. Using carbon balance asymmetry as an example, we provide evidence for the wide-ranging importance of physiological asymmetries in symbioses.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Mantle upwelling induced by slab rollover subduction could explain widespread intraplate volcanism in Tibet

Data used to generate figures published in Strak et al. (2024) in the journal Communications Earth & Environment (LINK).