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Fig. 3 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 3 RoguePlot placement of Pimplinae fossil Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 6 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 6 Holotype of Triclistus levii sp. nov. A Partial fore wing. B Metasoma, posterior end with the parameres. C Habitus of specimen, lateral view. D Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. E Head. F Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1, in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bars A: 1 mm, B: 0.5 mm C: 1 mm F: bottom 1 mm, top right 0.5 mm

Fig. 9 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 9 Holotype Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. A Habitus of specimen, ventral view. B Habitus of holotype, lateral view. CT scan of C head and mesoscutum in dorsal view, D face in anterior view, and E last tergites with ovipositor and sheaths. F Photo of a partial fore wing, in top left is T2 with its rugopunctate to striate structure. G Interpretative drawing with an additional drawing of the propodeum and T1 in dorsal view, where photos and micro-CT scan were used as templates. Scale bar A: 1 mm, F: 0.5 mm G: lower 1 mm, right 0.5 mm

Fig. 2 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 2 RoguePlot placement of Metopiinae fossil Triclistus levii sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Triclistus levii sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics after the CT scan. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 5 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 5 RoguePlot placement of Phygadeuontinae fossil Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

Fig. 4 in Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber

Fig. 4 RoguePlot placement of Rhyssinae fossil Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. before and after micro-CT scanning. The plots include all branches from the majority-rule consensus tree where the attachment probability was higher than 1%. A Rhyssa guliveri sp. nov. with colours indicating newly revealed body characteristics. Blue colouration represents newly added measurements; orange highlights either newly coded characters or characters where states could be reduced after the CT scan. B Placement before CT scanning. C Placement after CT scanning

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

SOLID X-ray CT datasets (SDU)

This record provides 4 individual micro computed tomography datasets as 4 zip-files. Each files contains all raw projection data as 16-bit tif files as well as all obtained metadata files. The data has been acquired using a Bruker SKYSCAN 2214 at the Centre for Industrial Electronics of SDU. The 4 datasets are <ul> <li>01-switch-small:  a 360 degree scan of a pushbutton switch (camera binning 4x4)</li> <li>02-switch-large:  a 360 degree scan of a pushbutton switch</li> <li>03-coffee: a scan of a coffee bean.</li> <li>04-citroen: a scan of a a citroen</li> </ul> The main purpose of the dataset is to test the Python script developed for using the Core Imaging Library (CIL) with data of this particular instrument. In order to compare the obtained results using CIL to the ones obtained by the proprietary software NRecon (version 1.7.5.0) there are two reconstructed datasets available: <ul> <li>001_Rec_CIL.zip</li> <li>001_Rec_NRecon.zip</li> </ul>

Fig. 5. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques

Fig. 5. A. Rostrum of belemnite Gonioteuthis sp., RUB-Pal 11301, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra clavata (coll. L. Kaecke). Surface images showing no irregularities except for silification rings (A1–A3). Longitudinal section showing a homogenous internal rostrum with a dark layer along its outer margin (silica) (A4). Volume rendering image shows a darker centre due to the maximum thickness of the structure but no additional features (A5). Detail of the rostrum surface showing silification rings (A6). Cross section with a homogeneous centre and a dark margin (A7). B. Rostrum of belemnite Hibolithes jaculoides Swinnerton, 1937, RUB-Pal 11303, Hauterivian, Resse (NW-Germany) with forma aegra clavata (coll. U. Frerichs). Surface images showing the overall irregular rostrum morphology and the blunt and hollow apex in lateral (B1, B2), ventral (B3), and dorsal (B4), apical (B7) views. Longitudinal sections (central, subcentral) showing the broken juvenile rostrum, parts of the preserved phragmocone, and notable the lack of the apical line after the injury took place, note the irregular outline of the hollow central canal (B5, B6). Cross section with the juvenile rostrum, and subsequently deposited homogeneous material, white areas indicate the presence of pyrite (B8).

Fig. 3. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques

Fig. 3. A. Rostrum of belemnite Neoclavibelus subclavatus (Voltz, 1830), SNSB-BSPG-83264, Toarcian, Mistelgau (SW-Germany) with forma aegra bullata (coll. H. Keupp). Surface images showing the bump-shaped irregular rostrum growth (A1–A4); longitudinal sections showing presence of sediment (diffuse grey) and pyrite (white) within the rostrum, and increasing irregular growth increments (A5, A6). B. Rostrum of belemnite Belemnitella sp., RE 551.763.333 A 5238, Late Cretaceous, NW-Germany with forma aegra bullata (coll. Baschin). Surface images showing the bump-shaped irregular rostrum growth and imprints of an organic network on the rostrum surface in dorsolateral (B1, B2) and ventrolateral (B3, B4) views; longitudinal sections (B5, B6), and cross section (B7). B5–B7 showing silification (black) along the rostrum surface but also along the malformed area.

Fig. 7. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques

Fig. 7. A. Rostrum of belemnite Gonioteuthis sp., SNSB-BSPG-83370, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra hamata (coll. H. Keupp, leg. C. Spaeth). Surface images showing the knee-like strongly bent and irregular morphology of the rostrum (A1–A4). Median section showing the irregular internal silification of the rostrum indicating poorly mineralized areas, growth and apical line partially visible (A5). Volume rendering image with the darkest areas represented by the thickest or densest areas (A6). B. Rostrum of belemnite Pseudobelus sp., RUB-Pal 3196, Valanginian, Barret-Meouge (France) with forma aegra hamata (coll. M.-C. Picollier). Surface images showing the strongly bent and irregular morphology of the rostrum with the apex growth in anterior direction (B3–B6). Median section overview and close up showing growth increments and the presence of pyrite along the apical line (white) (B1, B7, B8). Cross section showing four growth center representing a temporal sequence (B2).

Fig. 6 in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques

Fig. 6. Rostra of belemnite Gonioteuthis spp. A. RUB-Pal 11302, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra angulata (coll. U Frerichs). Surface images showing the knee-like morphology of the rostrum, and the attachment-base of an oyster, in lateral (A1, A4), dorsal (A2), and ventral (A4) views; note the weak furrows in A3. Median sections perpendicular to each other showing silicified areas (darker) and the broken phragmocone now filled with sediment, no additional internal feature visible (A5, A6). B. SNSB-BSPG-83246, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra angulata (coll. H. Keupp, leg. C. Spaeth). Surface images showing the knee-like morphology of the rostrum, in ventral (B1), lateral (B2, B4), and dorsal (B5) views. Cross section (B3). Median sections showing silicified areas specifically at places heavily bent (darker) (B6, B7); see also A5, A6 for the same phenomenon. Black box indicates close up in B7, showing the broken juvenile rostrum with growth increment (forma aegra clavata), and the phragmocone partially filled with pyrite (white).

Fig. 1 in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques

Fig. 1. Rostrum of belemnite?Acrocoelites sp., PIMUZ 37346, Toarcian, Altdorf (SW-Germany) with forma aegra saepia (leg. M. Weissmüller). A. Overview A1, A2). B. Close-up of the two apices, showing the radial furrows covering the apex that represent the "normal" tip of the rostrum (B1–B5).

FIGURE 8 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 8. Examples of bone elements from sauropod dinosaurs found in the bamboo corsets, link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig 230", cervical rib of Giraffatitan brancai, and cluster of vertebrae and bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus; B) "Ig 281", presumable dorsal vertebral fragments and pneumatic transverse process of a sauropod (this bamboo corset contains also a dentary remain of Dysalotosaurus); C) "Ig 310, 311, 312, 313, 314", pneumatic transverse process of dorsal vertebra; D) "Ig 498", neural arch with clearly visible hyposphene and broken neural spine of titanosauriform sauropod. Close-up of visualization of isolated MtII of Giraffatitan, E) in dorsal view F) in plantar view. Scale bar in A-D is 100 mm, in E-F it is 50 mm. Abbreviations: bf, bone fragment; ccost, corpus of cervical rib (of Giraffatitan); df, dentary fragment (of Dysalotosaurus); hypo, hyposphene; mt, metatarsal; na, neural arch; nsp, neural spine; prcost, caudal process of cervical rib (of Giraffatitan); postzyg, postzygapophysis; prtrans, transverse process of vertebra; tib,tibia; vc, vertebral centrum; vf, vertebral fragment. Videos of A) to D) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)

FIGURE 6 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 6. Examples of bone elements from Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki as found in the bamboo corsets, link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig 189, 211, 213", bamboo corset with dentary fragments, dorsal rib shaft, tibia remains, a proximal fibula and some other bone fragments; B) "Ig 401, 415, 416, 417, 472, 475", bamboo corset with well-preserved ilium, proximal fibula, at least two metatarsals and other long bone fragments, as well as a presumed MtII of Giraffatitan brancai in 2 parts; C) "Ig 343, 346, 354, 359, 366, 383", bamboo corset with femur in 3 parts, fragments of ilium and some bone fragments; D) "Ig 335, 336, 338, 368", bamboo corset with 1 humerus, 1 femur, tibia and fibula as proximal parts and other bone fragments; E) "Ig 537, 540, 547, 549, 562", bamboo corset with vertebral centra, 2 isolated neural arches, a coracoid, a distal femur, a metatarsal and other bone fragments; F) "Ig 522, 527, 528, 539, 543, 544", bamboo corset with tibia and fibula, ulna and other bone fragments. Scale bar is 50 mm. Abbreviations: cor, coracoid; df, dentary fragment; dori, dorsal rib; fe, femur; fib, fibula; hu, humerus; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; MtII, second metatarsal of Giraffatitan; mt, metatarsal (of Dysalotosaurus); nar, neural arch; tib, tibia; uln, ulna; vc, vertebral centrum. Videos of A) to F) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)

FIGURE 5. Diagrams showing A in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 5. Diagrams showing A) the distribution of clay jackets, unprepared bones and tin cans in the bamboo corsets and crates, B) Frequency of different bone elements of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki in the bamboo corsets and crates. The unidentified bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus are not incorporated in this count. Isolated vertebral centra have been counted without determination of their corresponding body region (i.e., cervical, dorsal, sacral, or caudal).

FIGURE 4 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 4. Packing types of fossil specimens as visible in the CT images A) "Ig 420, 439, 453, 512", longitudinal section (MIP mode and CT-pulmonary filters set) showing wrapping of specimens in savanna grass, B) "Ig88" cross-section showing wrapping of fossils in savanna grass and tight stuffing of bamboo corsets, C) "Ig291, 291", longitudinal section of the typical clay jackets, showing a femur of Dysalotosaurus in pieces with protection cover of clay, D) "Ig281", partial longitudinal section showing clay jackets and single bone fragments with and without sediment, E) "Ig 122, 124, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 276", longitudinal section showing clusters of vertebrae and bone fragments in the bamboo corset, F) "Ig_2011_4", crate with two large sediment slabs with fossil bones, G) "Ig_2011_1", crate with bamboo stalks filled with fossil bones and bones wrapped in savanna grass, H) "Ig_NN6", bamboo corset in longitudinal section (MIP mode) showing tin cans and bone cluster in between (see also Figure 4C-D), I) "Ig 330, 339, 347, 349 350, 351, 352, 356, 360, 346, 366", bamboo corset in longitudinal section (MIP mode) showing several tin cans and some additional loose bones. Scale bar is 50 mm. Abbreviations: bb, bamboo stalk; bf, bone fragment; cl, clay cover of bone; clj, clay jacket; df, dentary fragment; dife, distal femur; sed, sediment; sgb, savanna grass bundle; vc, vertebral centrum.

FIGURE 3. 3D in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 3. 3D visualization images of containers, showing different content types, link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig88", clay jackets and bones; B) "Ig_2011_5", crate with an accumulation of vertebrae and some other bones. Scale bars in A) and B) are 50 mm. "Ig_NN6", tin cans and small bones in bamboo corset, 3D MIP videos, C) with bamboo corset and surface visualized, D) with content of tin cans visualized. Scale bars in C) and D) are 100 mm. Abbreviations: bc, 3D visualized bamboo corset; bf, bone fragment; clvc, cluster of vertebral centra; clj, clay jacket; tc, tin can; vc, vertebral corpus. Videos of A), B), C) and D) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg).

FIGURE 2 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 2. Photographs of packing and transport of bamboo corsets on the Tendaguru hill, A) MfN HBSB PM_B_IV_0072, and B) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_156, local workers producing and filling bamboo corsets, C) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_160, workers have gathered to start their march to Lindi with the bamboo corsets, D) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_168, long column of carriers following the small foot path to Lindi with bamboo corsets either between them or carried on the head. E) Aquilion CX CT scanner at the IZW, this machine was used to scan all 40 bamboo corsets, F) wooden crates from Quarry Ig/WJ on their way through the Toshiba Aquilion One CT scanner at the Charité, photograph by Oliver Wings.

FIGURE 7 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 7. Examples of bone elements from Kentrosaurus aethiopicus as found in the bamboo corsets link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig88", bamboo corset with two caudal vertebral centra (one of them with separate neural arch), a haemapophysis, a distal part of humerus, femur and ilium and ischium fragments of Kentrosaurus, and vertebral centra of Dysalotosaurus; B) "Ig 277, 279, 284", remains of one right scapula and humerus and proximal part of left scapula, and tibia of Dysalotosaurus; C) Crate "Ig_2011_1", ulna of Kentrosaurus, and several long bones and bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus. Scale bar is 100 mm. Abbreviations: bf, bone fragment; dife, distal femur; dihu, distal humerus; haem, haemapophysis; hu, humerus; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; scap, scapula; uln, ulna; vc, vertebral centrum. Videos of A) to C) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)

FIGURE 1. A in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 1. A) Entries in field catalogue of Janensch (1909-1911) for Quarry Ig/WJ page 73 and page 143. Photographs of original packed items from Quarry Ig/WJ.B) clay jacket Ig294, C) tin can filled with small bones from Quarry Ig/WJ and padded with pieces of cotton, scale bar for B) and C) is 50 mm. D) baobab fruit capsule filled with small bones and vertebrae from Quarry Ig/WJ, padded with a bundle of savanna grass, not to scale, E) opened bamboo corset from Quarry Ig/WJ containing four clay jackets (one partially with plaster of paris) on a thick layer of savanna grass (this photograph is also used in Heinrich and Schultka, 2007: Abb. 32), F) Close-up of one of the studied bamboo corsets in the collection of the MfN with original ink labelling and paper label visible, scale bar for E) and F) is 80 mm. G) Section of several bamboo corsets as stored at the collection of the MfN, not to scale. Photographs B) to E) by Carola Radke, and photographs F) and G) by Hwa Ja Götz, both MfN.