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580 results for “effort”
Male age alone predicts paternity success under sperm competition when effects of age and past mating effort are experimentally separated
<p>Older males often perform poorly under post-copulatory sexual selection. It is unclear, however, whether reproductive senescence is due to male age itself or the accumulated costs of the higher lifetime mating effort that is usually associated with male age. To date, very few studies have accounted for mating history and sperm storage when testing the effect of male age on sperm traits, and none test how age and past mating history influence paternity success under sperm competition. Here, we experimentally manipulate male mating history to tease apart its effects from that of age on ejaculate traits and paternity in the mosquitofish<i>, Gambusia holbrooki</i>. We found that old, naive males had more sperm than old, experienced males, while the reverse was true for young males. In contrast, neither male age nor mating history affected sperm velocity. Finally, using artificial insemination to experimentally control the number of sperm per male, we found that old males sired significantly more offspring than young males independently of their mating history. Our results highlight that the general pattern of male reproductive senescence described in many taxa may often be affected by two naturally confounding factors, male mating history and sperm age, rather than male age itself.</p>
Figure 1 in Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 1. (a) Map of the Serranía de San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. The circle signals the location of Estación Experimental San Lorenzo at 2200 msnm; (b) San Lorenzo creek, SNSM, during the rainy season; (c) during the dry season.
Figure 3 in Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 3. (a) Body condition in males of Atelopus laetissimus in a rainy year (2014) and a dry year (2015); the circle highlight undernourished males at June 2014. (b) Image of an undernourished male at June 2014 and (c) well-fed male at June 2015. (d) The same male with different body condition recorded reproductive season at June 2015, (e) May 2016 (rainy year). This figure was made with capture and recapture data.
Figure 2 in Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 2. Reproductive phenology/strategy of Atelopus laetissimus in San Lorenzo creek. (a) Precipitation; (b) number of amplexus; (c) males' weight). *Highly significant differences.
Figure 4 in Not every drought is bad: quantifying reproductive effort in the harlequin frog Atelopus laetissimus (Anura: Bufonidae)
Figure 4. Atelopus laetissimus individuals. (a) Female; (b) male; (c) mating ball consisting of several males and one female; (d) prolonged axillary amplexus position/female guarding; (e) amplexus perched in the riparian vegetation; (f) amplexus submerged in the stream possibly searching for spawning sites. Photographs: L.A. Rueda Solano (a, b, d, e, f) and A.A. Rocha Usuga (c).
Figures 27–29 in Membracis foliata (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae) and allied species: an effort towards their correct determination
Figures 27–29. Membracis species, paratype male genitalia, lateral view. (27) M. latifasciata Sakakibara and Evangelista sp. nov.; (28) M. obliquifasciata Evangelista and Sakakibara sp. nov.; (29) M. luizae Evangelista and Sakakibara sp. nov. Note: Scale bar, 0.5 mm.
Figures 24–26 in Membracis foliata (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae) and allied species: an effort towards their correct determination
Figures 24–26. Membracis species, frontal view. (24) M. latifasciata Sakakibara and Evangelista sp. nov. (holotype 3, ZMUC); (25) M. obliquifasciata Evangelista & Sakakibara sp. nov. (holotype ♀, MNHN); (26) M. luizae Evangelista and Sakakibara sp. nov. (holotype ♀, DZUP). Note: Scale bar, 1 mm.
Reproductive effort and terminal investment in a multi-species assemblage of Amazon electric fish
<p>The terminal investment hypothesis (TIH) predicts that individuals with favorable prospects for future reproduction (i.e., high residual reproductive value, RRV) should moderate current reproductive investment in favor of growth, survival, and future reproduction, whereas those with low RRV should 'terminally invest' by diverting somatic resources towards current reproduction at the expense of future reproduction. However, support for the TIH in wild animal populations is fragmentary, and the ecological contexts of terminal investment remain poorly known. We report a remarkable case of simultaneous terminal investment involving five sympatric species of the electric knifefish genus <i>Brachyhypopomus</i>, from Amazonian floodplain and terra firme stream habitats. We found that terminal investment is synchronized by seasonal breeding, in response to circannual environmental variation in mortality risk. Four species exhibit a uniseasonal iteroparous (annual) life history with complete post-reproductive mortality after a single breeding season. One species (<i>B. beebei</i>) exhibits a two-year multiseasonal iteroparous life history with breeding in two seasons and post-reproductive mortality after the second. In mature females and (most) males of the annual species, as well as in both mature female and male <i>second-year</i> (but not first-year) <i>B. beebei</i>, we documented an increase in two metrics of reproductive effort (size-adjusted gonad mass and electric signal amplitude) and a concomitant reduction in somatic condition (size-adjusted somatic mass) – all in response to proximity to the end of the common breeding season, when RRV approximates zero. In mature <i>first-year</i> <i>B. beebei</i>, we documented neither an increase in reproductive effort nor a decline in somatic condition, implying an alternative strategy of reproductive restraint. Our findings support Kirkwood's disposable soma theory, which posits that death by reproductive exhaustion can be delayed if terminal investment is replaced by reproductive restraint, allowing individuals to survive and breed in a subsequent season. Deferral of the terminal investment response in annual species, and the origin of a gonadal regression-regeneration sequence, may open pathways for rapid evolutionary transitions to multiseasonal iteroparity. Excepting the age (year-group) dependency of terminal investment in <i>B. beebei</i>, we were unable to identify intrinsic cues or extrinsic environmental cues for the terminal investment response in <i>Brachyhypopomus</i>.</p>
Data and code to replicate the analyses in "Interpopulation differences in male reproductive effort drive the population dynamics of a host exposed to an emerging fungal pathogen"
<p>Data and code used to run the analyses presented in the article "Interpopulation differences in male reproductive effort drive the population dynamics of a host exposed to an emerging fungal pathogen" published in Journal of Animal Ecology. Please cite this article if you use the data or write to the authors for a potential collaboration. If you require further details about the data please write to: andresvalenzuela.zoo@gmail or avalenzuela@ranitadedarwin.org.</p> <p>This study is part of an ongoing long-term monitoring program focused on the threatened Southern Darwin's frog (<em>Rhinoderma darwinii</em>), led by the Chilean non-profit organization ONG Ranita de Darwin (www.ranitadedarwin.org/monitoreo). This project has been funded by Zoo Leipzig, The National Geographic Society, Rufford Foundation, Weeden Foundation, Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, VONA, Fundación Huilo Huilo, and Fundación MERI. We want to thank to the many volunteers that have kindly participated during this project.</p>
Detecting microservice anti-patterns using interactive service call graphs: Effort Assessment
<p>Supplemental Figures for <em>Detecting microservice anti-patterns using interactive service call graphs: Effort Assessment</em></p>
Detecting microservice anti-patterns using interactive service call graphs: Effort Assessment
<p>Case Study Results for <em>Detecting microservice anti-patterns using interactive service call graphs: Effort Assessment</em></p>
Fishing effort data, fishing fleet segmentation, and statistical details used in the expert knowledge elicitation experiment
<p><span>Based on an explorative</span> <span>but rigorous elicitation framework, we obtained the bycatch fishing probability</span> <span>at the fishing fleet segment level using expert estimates. Based on the knowledge of three scientific experts, we developed a new and creative structured method for smart and fast fishery-related risk assessments for </span><span>species of high conservation concern. In order to test the method here propose, we applied it to 76 cartilaginous</span><span> fish</span><span> species </span><span>(</span><span>included in the IUCN Red Lists) and on five different fishing segments at both Italian and Mediterranean scale. The method produced qualitative results specific to the threat posed by fishing for each species and each segment with information between and within the segments. Based on the interpretation of resilience-disturbance interactions developed for ecological systems, the quantitative results provided reliable cumulative metrics, measuring the extinction risk due to fishing and the response to overfishing for the species considered. Additionally, the results highlight that the method performs best on a small geographic scale. Therefore, the application of this new method on other subregional</span> <span>or local scales where very few data are available (e.g. fishing effort) could be a valuable tool for the preliminary assessment for species of conservation concern. In fact, despite the absence of detailed catch data at local geographic scales, the flexibility of this method could help to highlight potential fishery-related conservation problems and thus redirect conservation strategies for threatened marine species such as many sharks and rays species.</span></p>
Vaginal microbial communities and combination efforts predict preterm birth in Chinese women
<p>Elucidating the physiological and pathological characteristics of preterm birth is critical to the development of effective prediction and intervention strategies. Here, we present a nested case control study on 51 spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and 70 women who delivered at term. Systems-level analysis revealed bacterial compositions and functional differences between two distinct pregnancy outcomes. As expected, the vaginal environment with preterm birth was dominated by a more complex bacteria interaction network, and these interactions frequently exhibited opposite effects on different pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, key species and combinations were identified to construct preterm birth prediction model. The final model contained three features generated from six bacteria (<em>A. christensenii</em> and <em>L. crispatus</em>; <em>B. breve</em> and <em>S. anginosus</em>; <em>P. timonensis</em> and <em>L. fermentum</em>) (AUROC = 0.942 for independent test). The AUROC value was 0.965 when white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NEU) data were included. Collectively, our study provided a comprehensive characterization of the vaginal microbiome and revealed the potential utilization of bacteria in predicting the risk of preterm birth.</p>
Evaluate the Effort Test as a Therapeutic Monitoring Tool in Acute Rhabdomyolyses
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03802279. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Adapted Physical Activity Program (APA) for Effort Rehabilitation of Children and Teenagers With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05927389. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Effect of Speech Enhancer on Listening Effort With EEG
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06049199. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Prognostic Value of Effort-independent Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Variables for Postoperative Complications After Elective Colorectal Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05331196. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Monitoring of Breathing Effort Through Pressure Time Product Measurement Using Airway Occlusion Pressure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06040138. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 17.
Effect of HFNO Therapy on Respiratory Effort After Extubation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05652699. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Implementation of Nutritional Efforts on Discharged Older Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06706661. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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OpenNeuro
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