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Fig. 3 in Population and reproductive parameters of the red-tailed catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Pimelodidae: Siluriformes), from the Xingu River, Brazil

Fig. 3. Size at first sexual maturity in the red-tailed catfish Phractocephalus hemioliopterus specimens collected from the Xingu River in Pará, Brazil.

Fig. 6 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 6. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 5 entitled as final phase. The sub-phases are named as (a) active take-off; (b) drift take-off; (c) rest; (d) bury. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 3 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 3. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 2 entitled as settled upon the bottom. The sub-phases are named as (a) smooth-landing (two leftmost drawings); (b) roughlanding (two rightmost drawings). The arrow indicates the direction and the intensity of the movement. Thicker arrow means a more intense and/or abrupt and/or rapid movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 4 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 4. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 3 entitled as secondary search (on the bottom). The sub-phases are named as (a) reverse on the bottom; (b) rotation on the bottom; (c) short forward displacement; (d) hit the bottom; (e) digging; (f) jetting water; (g) passive inspection; (h) active inspection. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.

Fig. 1 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA

Fig. 1. Map of the study sites in the Fernando de Noronha Arquipelago (FNA). The darker lines indicate the 20m and 50m isobaths. Inside the thinner line, there is the Marine Protected Area (MPA), while outside it, there is the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) for sustainable use. Both areas comprehend the land and insular shelf up to 50m isobaths. Circles indicate the sampling locations where focal-animal, ad libitum and intensive search methods were used; triangles indicate the sampling locations where only the intensive search method was used (see Material and Methods).

Fig. 5 in Population and reproductive parameters of the red-tailed catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Pimelodidae: Siluriformes), from the Xingu River, Brazil

Fig. 5. Relative frequency (%) of the different gonadal maturation stages of the red-tailed catfish Phractocephalus hemioliopterus specimens collected from the Xingu River in Pará, Brazil. a. males; and b. females.

Fig. 6. Prochilodus costatus swimming speeds measured a in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil

Fig. 6. Prochilodus costatus swimming speeds measured a. in this study in stretch 2 and b. in the laboratory by Santos et al. (2012). Central points are medians, boxes represent percentiles 25 and 75 and whiskers represent amplitude. Dashed lines separate different kinds of fish movements. BL/s = swimming velocity in standard length of fish per second.

Fig. 13 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 13. Species of the order Perciformes, family Mullidae, (A) Upeneus parvus AZUSC 5445, 167 mm TL, family Kyphosidae, (B) Kyphosus vaigiensis MPEG 35156, 524 mm TL, family Gobiidae, (C) Priolepis dawsoni not cataloged, AZUSC 5667, 80 mm TL, family Acanthuridae, (D) Acanthurus chirurgus MPEG 35178, 85 mm TL, family Sphyraenidae, (E) Sphyraena guachancho MPEG 35063, 297 mm TL.

Fig. 12 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 12. Species of the order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, (A) Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus MPEG 35609, 145 mm TL, (B) Cynoscion acoupa not cataloged, 310 mm TL, (C) Cynoscion jamaicensis MPEG 35588 173 mm TL, (D) Cynoscion leiarchus MPEG 35229 183 mm TL, (E) Cynoscion microlepidotus not cataloged, 320 mm TL, (F) Cynoscion similis MPEG 35042 254 mm TL, (G) Cynoscion steindachneri not cataloged, 250 mm TL, (H) Cynoscion virescens not cataloged, 340 mm TL, (I) Isopisthus parvipinnis MPEG 35051, 175 mm TL, (J) Larimus breviceps MPEG s/n, 150 mm TL, (K) Macrodon ancylodon MPEG 35059, 230 mm TL, (L) Ophioscion punctatissimus AZUSC 5178, 160 mm TL.

Fig. 7 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 7. Species of the order Aulopiformes, family Synodontidae, (A) Saurida caribbaea MPEG 35598, 94 mm TL, (B) Synodus bondi MPEG 35202, 262 mm TL, (C) Synodus poeyi not cataloged, 160 mm TL, order Holocentriformes, family Holocentridae, (D) Holocentrus adscensionis AZUSC 5180, 210 mm TL, (E) Myripristis jacobus AZUSC 5181, 128 mm TL, order Ophidiiformes, family Ophidiidae, (F) Brotula barbata AZUSC 5141, 202 mm TL, (G) Lepophidium brevibarbe MPEG 35849, 234 mm TL, order Lophiiformes, family Antennariidae, (H) Antennarius striatus MPEG 35201, 114 mm TL, family Ogcocephalidae, (I) Halieutichthys aculeatus MPEG 35851, 36 mm TL, (J) Ogcocephalus nasutus MPEG 35167, 131 TL, (K) Ogcocephalus notatus AZUSC 5068, 120 mm TL, (L) Ogcocephalus pumilus MPEG 34615, 157 mm TL, order Beloniformes, family Exocoetidae, (M) Parexocoetus hillianus not cataloged, 150 mm TL, order Gasterosteiformes, family Fistulariidae, (N) Fistularia petimba AZUSC 5182, 560 mm TL, (O) Fistularia tabacaria AZUSC 5669, 590 mm TL, (O) Scorpaena brasiliensis MPEG 35141, 119 mm TL, (Q) Scorpaena isthmensis AZUSC 5644, 97 mm TL.

Fig. 11 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 11. Species of the order Perciformes, family Pomacanthidae, (A) Holacanthus ciliaris not cataloged, 350 mmm TL, family Polynemidae, (B) Polydactylus virginicus MPEG 35182 306 mm TL, family Scaridae, (C) Sparisoma axillare not cataloged, 170 mm TL, family Sparidae, (D) Sparisoma frondosum AZUSC 5446, 120 mm TL, (E) Calamus penna MPEG 35709, 226 mm TL, (F) Calamus pennatula not cataloged, 230 mm TL.

Fig. 9 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 9. Species of the order Perciformes, family Carangidae, (A) Alectis ciliaris MPEG 35701, 221 mm TL, (B) Caranx bartholomaei MPEG 35181, 323 mm TL, (C) Caranx crysos MPEG 35183, 350 mm TL, (D) Decapterus macarellus not cataloged, 220 mm TL, (E) Decapterus punctatus AZUSC 5551, 176 mm TL, (F) Decapterus tabi not cataloged, 240 mm TL, (G) Oligoplites saliens AZUSC 4660, 280 mm TL, (H) Selar crumenophthalmus MPEG 35137, 266 mm TL, (I) Selene setapinnis MPEG 35190, 243 mm TL, (J) Seriola dumerili not cataloged, 200 mm TL, (K) Trachinotus cayennensis MPEG 34410, 265 mm TL.

Fig. 6 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 6. Species of the order Clupeiformes, family Clupeidae, (A) Lile piquitinga MPEG 35023, 95 mm TL, family Engraulidae, (B) Anchoa filifera MPEG 35122, 31 mm TL, (C) Anchoa pectoralis not cataloged, 100 mm TL, (D) Anchovia clupeoides not cataloged, 94 mm TL, (E) Anchoviella lepidentostole MPEG 35240, 118 mm TL, family Pristigasteridae, (F) Chirocentrodon bleekerianus MPEG 35674, 108 mm TL, (G) Odontognathus mucronatus MPEG 35048, 142 mm TL, (H) Pellona harroweri MPEG 35700, 136 mm TL, ordem Siluriformes, family Ariidae, (I) Amphiarius phrygiatus MPEG 35077, 345 mm TL, (J) Notarius grandicassis MPEG 35204, 410 mm TL, (K) Sciades couma not cataloged, 423 mm TL.

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Fig. 7 in Coordinated hunting behaviors of mixed-species groups of piscivores and associated species at Isla del Coco National Park (Eastern Tropical Pacific)

Fig. 7. Cluster analysis of species co-occurrences in groups based on the Ward linkage method and Pearson distance. Abbreviations for each species are defined in Tab. 1. Note two dominant clusters (cluster 1 at left and cluster 2 at right). An asterisk below species codes indicate membership in top 10 species based on mixed-species links.

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Fig. 3 in Organization of fish assemblages in blackwater Atlantic Forest streams

Fig. 3. RDA ordination biplot of the first and second RDA axes based on fish density (ind.m-2) of 31 blackwater mesohabitats. Vector lines in bold type indicate the relationship of the environmental variables to the ordination axis; the line's length is proportional to its relative significance. For species codes, see Tab. 3.

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Fig. 2 in Changes in digestive enzymes activities during the initial ontogeny of wolf cichlid, Parachromis dovii (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Fig. 2. Digestive proteolytic enzyme activity during ontogeny of Parachromis dovii larvae (means ± SD, n= 3 replicates). (a) specific acid proteolytic activity, (b) specific alkaline proteolytic activity, (c) specific trypsin activity, (d) specific chymo- trypsin activity, (e) specific leucine-aminopeptidase activity, (f) specific carboxypeptidase A activity.

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Fig. 5 in Coordinated hunting behaviors of mixed-species groups of piscivores and associated species at Isla del Coco National Park (Eastern Tropical Pacific)

Fig. 5. Network visualization of the web of associations between species (33 species with 288 pair-wise links). The size of each species node is weighted relative to the frequency of each species in any group (abbreviations for each species are defined in Tab. 1). The lines between species nodes are weighted by the relative frequency of associations between each species pair.

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Fig. 3 in Coordinated hunting behaviors of mixed-species groups of piscivores and associated species at Isla del Coco National Park (Eastern Tropical Pacific)

Fig. 3. Examples of mixed-species hunting groups observed to ca. 35 m depth. (A) Caranx melampygus, Dermatolepis dermatolepis and Bodianus diplotenia at a crevice. Note D. dermatolepis and B. diplotaenia are able to maneuver deep into the crevice while C. melampygus follow from above and search for escaping prey. (B) Group composed of C. melampygus, Trianodon obesus, Cephalopholis panamensis and unidentified muraenid eel (hidden within crevices) hunt for prey within crevices amongst coral and coral rubble along reef edge. (C) Lutjanus argentiventris, D. dermatolepis, C. melampygus and B. diplotaenia hunt for prey as group traverses low relief volcanic pavement along a pinnacle. (D) Group composed of D. dermatolepis, C. melampygus and Aulostomus chinensis. Note position of A. chinensis in lead over C. melampygus. (E) C. melampygus follows above a muraenid eel hunting within narrow crevices. (F) As in previous image, D. dermatolepis follows above muraenid eel hunting within narrow crevice. (G) C. melampygus follow B. diplotaenia hunting over sand and volcanic rubble habitat. (H) B. diplotaenia and A. chinensis hunt in tandem along edge of pinnacle.

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Fig. 3 in Sexual dimorphism in the catfish Genidens genidens (Siluriformes: Ariidae) based on otolith morphometry and relative growth

Fig. 3. Lapilli otoliths from Genidens genidens females and males from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.

Fig. 1 in The bony fishes (Teleostei) caught by industrial trawlers off the Brazilian North coast, with insights into its conservation

Fig. 1. (A) Industrial trawling zone off the North coast of Brazil (modified from Aragão et al., 2001 and Brasil, 2011). Outriggers that target pink-shrimp (red outline) and pair trawlers that target a number of fish species (black dots in the main image and green shading in C-E). The Amazon River plume is shaded gray. The Great Amazon Reef System, as defined by Moura et al. (2016), is shaded orange in all images (A-E), while the system defined by Francini-Filho et al. (2018) is shaded green here, and red in all other images (B-E); (B-E) Kernel density plots of (B) estuarine species; (C) estuarine species also associated with coral reefs; (D) species associated with coral reefs or rock bottom; (E) marine species, not associated with coral reefs.