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1,091 results for “hemisphere”
Cereal yield response to climate change in key grain producing areas of the Northern Hemisphere
<p>Vulnerability mapping is a field of increasing importance as we search for an ecologically and economically sustainable<br> climate-smart land-use system, which is necessary for the development of green infrastructure and agricultuVulnerability<br> mapping is a growing field with increasing importance in developing an ecologically and economically sustainable climate-smart land-use system, which may serve the advancement of green infrastructure and agricultural production. The<br> transformation of the climatic regime has an undeniable impact on plant production, but we rarely have long enough data<br> series to scrutinize the unfolding effects of the microregional patterns of the global climate-cereal yield relationship. To fill this<br> gap, I will analyze three regions of the Northern Hemisphere under continental climate, which represent key landscapes<br> concerning global food production and security, contributing a multi-way knowledge transfer through training, teaching, and<br> different form of communication activities. The relationship between climate indices, maize, and wheat yields will be analyzed<br> applying high geographical resolution data from Northern China, Hungary, and northern states of the US Midwest at a<br> landscape scale by Köppen-Geiger zones using linear, local, and spatial regression and bootstrap resampling tests and<br> developed data visualization techniques. This offers a unique opportunity to comparatively analyze the differences in<br> climate-cereal yield associations by landscape types and regions. The expected results will provide highly supportive factors<br> for planning and managing an ecologically and economically sustainable land-use system. The intended publications,<br> lectures, and collaborative actions will have a positive impact on domestic and EU research. The planned training and the<br> expected results of the action will further strengthen my career opportunities and put me in a position where I will be<br> considered for a tenured position at a research institution in Hungary.</p>
Southern Hemisphere winds, pressure, and temperature over the 20th century from proxy-data assimilation
<p>This archive contains four reconstructions of annually resolved zonal surface wind (us), sea level pressure (psl), and surface temperature (tas) anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere over the period 1900 to 2005 CE. The anomaly reference period is 1961-1990. </p> <p>The reconstructions are generated using the Last Millennium Reanalysis data assimilation framework (Hakim et al., 2016; Tardif et al., 2019). The proxies assimilated come from a global database comprising the PAGES2k database (PAGES2k Consortium, 2017), additional ice core accumulation records (Thomas et al., 2017), and additional coral records (Sanchez et al., 2021). We use four climate models to produce the four reconstructions:</p> <ol> <li>the iCESM Last Millennium Ensemble (“CESM LM”, Brady et al., 2019, Stevenson et al., 2019)</li> <li>the HadCM3 Last Millennium Ensemble (“HadCM3 LM”, Collins et al., 2001)</li> <li>the CESM1 Large Ensemble (“LENS”; Kay et al., 2015)</li> <li>the CESM1 Pacific Pacemaker Ensemble (“PACE”; Schneider and Deser, 2018).</li> </ol> <p>The four reconstructions are named after the prior that is used. The last millennium ensemble of simulations include natural forcings only and the LENS and PACE ensemble of simulations include historical external forcings. For each reconstruction, there are three netCDF files containing the ensemble mean (mean of 100 ensemble members) for each climate field. More details can be found in O'Connor et al. (2021).</p> <p>Please cite O'Connor et al. (2021) when using these datasets. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095999">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095999</a></p>
Astroclimate measurements on several points over Eastern hemisphere in 2-mm and 3-millimeter atmospheric transparency windows using tipping radiometer
<p>We are presenting results of the atmospheric propagation observations which our research group has been conducting since 2012. Over this time, we have gathered statistical data of atmospheric propagation over a number of sites which possibly can be used for radio astronomical observations in the millimetre and sub-millimetre bandwidths. The Zenith opacity was studied by the atmospheric dip method in the 3 mm and 2 mm atmospheric windows. The dataset is recommended to use for estimation of atmospheric propagation for the purpose of radio astronomy and telecommunications.</p> <p>The “tau-meter” (named MIAP-2) allows us to estimate an integral absorption by using the atmospheric dip method. The hardware includes a radiometric system comprising two self-contained radiometers operating in two different bands of 84-99 GHz (λ ~ 3 mm) and 132-148 GHz (λ ~ 2 mm), a rotary support, a control, and a firmware system. The radiometers work in modulation mode within 36 Hz modulation frequency. Floating mirror allows radiometer to scan the sky in the interval of 0 – 88.5 elevation angles (6 total). The output record contains the voltages of synchronous detector for each angle in 2 wavebands. The voltage is proportional to brightness temperature of the sky in corresponding waveband. (It has negative value for technical reasons.)</p> <p>The dataset contains raw data observed by radiometer: Local date and time, a several detector voltages on different elevation angles for 2 wavebands, as well as service information header. The first 6 columns contain optical depth calculated by old method and it’s no more used in data processing since the new algorithm has been invented in 2018.</p>
Supplementary Data for "The state and fate of lake ice thickness in the Northern Hemisphere"
<p>This dataset consists of four files including (1) Lake ice thickness of 16 large lakes measured by satellite altimeters for 1992-2019 (Altimetric LIT for 16 large lakes.xlsx); (2) Daily lake ice thickness and lake surface snow depth of 1,313 lakes with an area > 50 km<sup>2</sup> in the Northern Hemisphere modeled by a one-dimensional remote sensing lake ice model for 2003-2018 (in NetCDF format); (3) Future lake ice thickness and surface snow depth for 2071-2099 modeled by the lake ice model with a modified ice growth module (table S1.xlsx); (4) A lookup table containing lake IDs, names, locations, and areas. This daily lake ice and snow thickness dataset could provide a benchmark for the estimation of global lake ice and snow mass, thereby improving our understanding of the ecological and economical significance of freshwater ice as well as its response to climate change.</p>
Spatiotemporally-completed reconstruction of precipitation during the Holocene over the Northern Hemisphere using paleoclimate data assimilation
<div>(1) <strong>Data Content</strong>: Spatiotemporally complete reconstruction of annual precipitation during the Holocene (i.e., 12-0 ka BP) over the Northern Hemisphere. Based on the sources of the prior ensembles, the dataset comprises three distinct reconstructions, namely PDA (TraCE), PDA (HadCM) and PDA (Mixed), each of which contains: 1) 200 precipitation reconstructions derived from the Monte Carlo realizations for each experimental group, and 2) the corresponding mean and ±1 standard deviation calculated from each set of 200 reconstructions. <strong>(2) Data Production Method</strong>: We reconstructed annual precipitation fields for the Northern Hemisphere during the Holocene using a paleoclimate data assimilation system. This involved assimilating 2,421 Holocene precipitation records from the LegacyClimate 1.0 dataset. In our experiment, we utilized the time-averaged Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnIO) data assimilation algorithm. The static prior ensemble of states was constructed from either the TraCE 21 ka BP or the HadCM 23 ka transient climate simulations, or a combination of both in a mixed approach. The data have a temporal resolution of 100 years and a spatial resolution of 3.75°. </div> <div> </div> <div>All prerequisite materials for conducting the PDA-based reconstruction experiments - including prior model simulations, Holocene precipitation records, and Matlab codes- are publicly available on Zenodo repository (<span lang="EN-US">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17354887</span>). Please contact the author Miao Fang (E-mail: mfang@lzb.ac.cn) for more information about the details of the reconstructions.</div>
Detection of Atmospheric Rivers in the Northern Hemisphere based on ERA5 reanalysis data and the IPART algorithm, 1979-2020
<p># 1. Overview</p> <p>This is a catalogue of atmospheric river (AR) detections over the Northern Hemisphere, based on 6-hourly ERA5 reanalysis dataset and the Image-Processing based Atmospheric River Tracking (IPART) algorithm.</p> <p>Time domain of the data:</p> <ul> <li>From 1979-Jan-01 to 2020-Dec-31</li> <li>Temporal resolution is 6-hourly</li> </ul> <p>Spatial domain of the data:</p> <ul> <li>Northern Hemisphere, land and ocean</li> <li>Spatial resolution is 0.25 * 0.25 degrees latitude/longitude</li> </ul> <p>Input data from ERA5 include:</p> <ul> <li>Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux, in kg/(m s).</li> <li>Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux, in kg/(m s).</li> </ul> <p>Data in the Northern Hemisphere domain (0 - 90 N), at 0.25 * 0.25 degrees latitude/longitude resolution are obtained from https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5.</p> <p>Version v3.0.8 of the IPART Python module used for detection and tracking of atmospheric rivers is preserved at <strong>10.5281/zenodo.4164826</strong>, available via Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license and developed openly at the Github repository https://github.com/ihesp/IPART.</p> <p># 2. File naming convention</p> <p>The data files are named using the following convention:</p> <p>ar_YYYYMM.nc</p> <p>where:</p> <ul> <li>YYYY: 4-digit year number</li> <li>MM: 2-digit month number</li> </ul> <p>E.g. `ar_199902.nc` means detections in Feb of 1999.</p> <p>Months are calendar months, including Feb-29th in leap-years.</p> <p># 3. Data format</p> <p>Data are saved in netCDF format.</p> <p>Each data file contains one 3-dimensional array, of a shape `(t, 360, 1440)`, where:</p> <ul> <li>`t`: length of the time dimension. Since data are 6-hourly, t equals 4 * num_of_days_in_month.</li> <li>`360`: latitude dimension, from 0 - 90N, with a 0.25-degree step.</li> <li>`1440`: longitude dimension, from 80 - 440 E (shifted eastward by 80 degrees to put both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans within the domain), with a 0.25-degree step.</li> </ul> <p>Each time slice of the data contains maps of the Northern Hemisphere, with integer values in grid cells. Possible values are:</p> <ul> <li>0: meaning no AR is detected in the grid cell.</li> <li>1, 2, ... ,n: integer labels, each corresponding to the region of an AR entity.</li> </ul> <p># 4. Important parameters in the IPART algorithm</p> <p>Here are the most important parameters used when detecting ARs from ERA5 data using the IPART python module:</p> <ul> <li> THR filtering kernel: `[16, 13, 13]`. `16` means 16 time slices, or equivalently 4 days given 6-hourly input data. `13` means 13 grid cells, or equivalently ~325 km, given 0.25 degrees latitude/longitude input data. Note that both of these temporal and spacial lengths are half of the sizes of the filtering kernel.</li> <li> minimum area: `50 * 1e4`, in km^2, minimum size of AR region candidates.</li> <li> maximum area: `1800 * 1e4`, in km^2, maximum size of AR region candidates.</li> <li> minimum L/W: `2.0`, minimum length/width ratio of AR region candiates.</li> <li> minimum length: `2000`, in km, minimum length of AR region candidates.</li> <li> minimum latitude: `20`, minimum latitude of the geometrical centroid of an AR region candidate.</li> <li> maximum latitude: `80`, maximum latitude of the geometrical centroid of an AR region candidate.</li> </ul> <p>For more details regarding these parameters, as well as the IPART algorithm, please refer to our published works:</p> <ul> <li>Xu, G., Ma, X., Chang, P., and Wang, L.: Image-processing-based atmospheric river tracking method version 1 (IPART-1), Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4639–4662, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4639-2020, 2020.</li> </ul> <p>Or the Github repository that houses the IPART module:</p> <ul> <li>https://github.com/ihesp/IPART</li> </ul>
Wind envelope at 300 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere during austral summer between 1979-2020
<p>The datasets contain wind envelope data at 300 hPa from the Southern hemisphere during austral summer (December-March) between 1979-2020. The envelope was obtained using the methodology of Zimin et al 2003, retaining only the local zonal wavenumbers correspondant to the southern hemisphere transients (Trenberth 1981) using datasets of meridional wind speed at 300 hPa from ERA-5 and NCEP DOE 2 reanalysis .The resolution of both datasets is 2.5º x 2.5º with daily frequency. </p> <p>Both datasets contain a 4 dimensional array in which the first column is the day of the December-March season, such as the first day is the 1st of Decemeber and day 121 is the 31th of March. Second column indicates the season (from 1979-2020, starting at December), and the last two dimensions are the latitude and longitud coordinates.</p>
YOPP Southern Hemisphere 2022 Special Observing Period
<p>This short video shows some of the radiosonde launches during the Year Of Polar Prediction Special Observing Period in the Antarctic</p> <p> </p> <p>Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) is an international program to Improve environmental prediction for the polar regions. The Southern Hemisphere effort dealing with Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, that is a key region for the global climate system, is called YOPP-SH. 24 stations released extra radiosondes during the 2022 winter special observing period (SOP).</p> <p>Countries Participating in YOPP-SH: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States.</p> <p>The Ohio State University, SCAR: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, NCAR, National Science Foundation (NSF), WWRP: World Weather Research Programme, World Meteorological Organization</p> <p>Executive Produced by Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center<br> Produced by: Jason Cervenec, David Bromwich, Pamela I Theodotou<br> Direction and Editing: Pamela I Theodotou<br> Video footage provided by individual station groups.<br> Details and maps provided by Mariana Fontolan Litell.</p>
WACCM-X Northern Hemisphere Winter Ensemble
<p>Simulation output from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (WACCM-X) for 40 Northern Hemisphere winters. The simulations were performed as free-running simulations with constant geomagnetic and solar activity. Included output is the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), zonal mean temperature and zonal wind, residual circulation, atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (O/N2), migrating semidiurnal tide (SW2), and the SW2 component of TEC. The data files are in support of the publication “Influence of Stratosphere Polar Vortex Variability on the Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Ionosphere”</p>
Projected 21st-century mass change for Northern Hemisphere glaciers including frontal ablation
<p>Glacier mass change projections for Nothern Hemisphere glaciers including frontal ablation (2000 to 2100) used in the publication "Exploring the impact of a frontal ablation parameterization on projected 21st-century mass change for Northern Hemisphere glaciers" (doi: 10.1017/jog.2023.19).</p> <p>Generated using a modified version of the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM, https://github.com/jmalles/oggm/tree/jog23)</p>
FIG. 3 in Morphological description and molecular phylogeny of two diatom clones from the genus Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère isolated from an ultraoligotrophic lake at the Pole of Cold in the Northern Hemisphere, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia
FIG. 3. — Cells in the culture Ulnaria pilum Kulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot LAB55 attached to substrate: A, LM, mucilage strands are stained by Alcian blue in single cell; B, LM, cell aggregates; C, SEM, there are no traces of mucilage on the unattached ends of cells, tree closed girdle bands of each valve are pointed by arrowheads; D, SEM, attachment occurs with mucilage excreted through the pore field. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm; C, 5 µm; D, 1 µm.
FIG. 2 in Morphological description and molecular phylogeny of two diatom clones from the genus Ulnaria (Kützing) Compère isolated from an ultraoligotrophic lake at the Pole of Cold in the Northern Hemisphere, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia
FIG. 2. — Ulnaria pilum Kulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot LAB59: A, LM; B, SEM, external view and central area; C, internal view and central area; D, SEM, external view and the valve apex; E, internal view and the valve apex, rimoportula is located at an oblique angle relative to the central sternum; F, SEM, external view, two small spines at the apex. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B-E, 5 µm; F, 1 µm.
LegacyClimate 1.0: a dataset of pollen-based climate reconstructions from 2594 Northern Hemisphere sites covering the last 30 kyr and beyond
<p>This repository consists of code to run the climate reconstruction from fossil pollen data for an example site based on the R-rioja package. The input data includes harmonized open-access modern and fossil pollen datasets so that customized reconstructions can be easily established.</p> <p>Supplement to: Herzschuh, U., Böhmer, T., Li, C., Chevalier, M., Dallmeyer, A., Cao, X., Bigelow, N. H., Nazarova, L., Novenko, E. Y., Park, J., Peyron, O., Rudaya, N. A., Schlütz, F., Shumilovskikh, L. S., Tarasov, P. E., Wang, Y., Wen, R., Xu, Q., and Zheng, Z.: LegacyClimate 1.0: A dataset of pollen-based climate reconstructions from 2594 Northern Hemisphere sites covering the late Quaternary, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-38, in review, 2022.</p>
Immunogenicity and Safety of Fluzone® Quadrivalent, Southern Hemisphere 2015 Formulation (Intramuscular Route)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03546192. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Supporting Data for: Ocean-wide conservation genomics of blue whales suggest new Northern Hemisphere subspecies
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Data from: The increased effect of spring leaf unfolding on autumn senescence in the northern and southern hemispheres
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Data from: The role of migration in the change of Northern Hemisphere vegetation for the past 50,000 years
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Data from: Beyond resilience: Responses to changing climate and disturbance regimes in temperate forest landscapes across the Northern Hemisphere
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Widespread loss of lake ice around the Northern Hemisphere in a warming world
Ice provides a range of ecosystem services, including fish harvest, cultural traditions, transportation, recreation, and regulation of the hydrologic cycle, to more than half of the world's 117 million lakes. One of the earliest observed impacts of climatic warming has been the loss of freshwater ice, with corresponding climatic and ecological consequences. However, while trends in ice cover phenology have been widely documented, a comprehensive large-scale assessment of lake ice loss is absent. Here, using observations from 513 lakes around the Northern Hemisphere, we identify lakes vulnerable to ice-free winters. Our analyses reveal the importance of air temperature, lake depth, elevation, and shoreline complexity in governing ice cover. We estimate that 14,800 lakes currently experience intermittent winter ice cover, increasing to 35,300 and 230,400 at 2degC and 8degC, respectively, impacting up to 394 and 656 million people. Our study illustrates that an extensive loss of lake ice will occur within the next generation, stressing the importance of climate mitigation strategies to preserve ecosystem structure and function, as well as local winter cultural heritage.
Data from: Does migration promote or inhibit diversification? A case study involving the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes
<p>While theory predicts that dispersal is a pivotal influence on speciation and extinction rates, it can have contradictory effects on each, such that empirical studies are needed to quantify its role. In many studies, dispersal reduction appears to promote diversification, although some analyses of migratory species suggest otherwise. Here we test for a relationship between migratory status and diversification rate within the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes, the Galaxiidae. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny for the group, comprising >95% of extant lineages, and applied State-dependent Speciation Extinction models to estimate speciation, extinction, and diversification rates. In contrast to some previous studies, we revealed higher diversification rates in non-migratory lineages. The reduced gene flow experienced by non-migratory galaxiids appears to have increased diversification under conditions of allopatry or local adaptation. Migratory galaxiid lineages, by contrast, are genetically homogeneous within landmasses, but may also be rarely able to colonise other landmasses in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. The life history state exhibiting higher diversification likely reflects the spatial context of the study system relative to species dispersal abilities, by means of the intermediate dispersal model; the accurate quantification of dispersal abilities will aid in our understanding of these likely interactions.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.