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402 results for “hybrid zone”
Distribution. SE Queensland from Fitzroy River S to Nanango (where it forms hybrid zone with the Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby, P. penicillata) and W to beyond Rubyvale and Clermont; W limit uncertain. in Macropodidae
Distribution. SE Queensland from Fitzroy River S to Nanango (where it forms hybrid zone with the Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby, P. penicillata) and W to beyond Rubyvale and Clermont; W limit uncertain.
Distribution. NE Queensland from Mitchell River and near Mt Carbine (where it forms a hybrid zone with the Mareeba Rock Wallaby, P. mareeba) W to "Pinnacles" and N to Bathurst Head; W and N limits uncertain. in Macropodidae
Distribution. NE Queensland from Mitchell River and near Mt Carbine (where it forms a hybrid zone with the Mareeba Rock Wallaby, P. mareeba) W to "Pinnacles" and N to Bathurst Head; W and N limits uncertain.
Evidence that genomic incompatibilities and other multilocus processes impact hybrid fitness in a rattlesnake hybrid zone
<p>Hybrid zones provide valuable opportunities to understand the genomic mechanisms that promote speciation by providing insight into factors involved in intermediate stages of speciation. Here we investigate introgression in a hybrid zone between two rattlesnake species (<em>Crotalus viridis</em> and <em>C. oreganus concolor</em>) that have undergone historical allopatric divergence and recent range expansion and secondary contact. We use Bayesian genomic cline models to characterize genomic patterns of introgression between these lineages and identify loci potentially subject to selection in hybrids. We find evidence for a large number of genomic regions with biased ancestry that deviate from the genomic background in hybrids (i.e., excess ancestry loci), which tend to be associated with genomic regions with higher recombination rates. We also identify suites of excess ancestry loci that show highly correlated allele frequencies (including conspecific and heterospecific combinations) across physically unlinked genomic regions in hybrids. Our findings provide evidence for multiple multilocus evolutionary processes impacting hybrid fitness in this system.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of Orthopristis ruber and Orthopristis scapularis (Haemulidae: Perciformes), with a hybridization zone off the Atlantic coast of South America
FIGURE 1. Body in lateral view, Orthopristis ruber (left column). A–B. Syntypes of (MNHN-IC-A-0457 and MNHN-IC-A- 7821). C. Live specimen (not preserved, São Paulo state, image of Gabriel Togni). D–E. Fresh specimens (not preserved, D. Santa Catarina state, image of Leonardo Machado, E. Espírito Santo state, image of João Gasparini). F. Fixed specimen (AZUSC 1812, São Paulo). Body in lateral view, Orthopristis scapularis (right column). G. Holotype of O. scapularis (ANSP 45084). H. Live specimen (not preserved, Ceará state). I-J-K. Fresh specimens (not preserved, I. Rio Grande do Norte state, image of Alfredo Carvalho, J. Venezuela, image of James van Tassell & Ross Robertson, K. Amapá state, image of Marceniuk). L. Fixed specimen (MPEG 34292, Alagoas state).
FIGURE 4 in Redescription of Orthopristis ruber and Orthopristis scapularis (Haemulidae: Perciformes), with a hybridization zone off the Atlantic coast of South America
FIGURE 4. The Atlantic coast of South America, showing the geographic distribution of Orthopristis scapularis (green), Orthopristis ruber (yellow), Orthopristis hybrid (red), locations with material, in zoological collections, not examined (dark blue), and localities with record in the literature (light blue). Some symbols represent more than one locality or a large number of specimens. Non-type specimens are represented with circles, and type specimens are indicated by square
FIGURE 2 in Redescription of Orthopristis ruber and Orthopristis scapularis (Haemulidae: Perciformes), with a hybridization zone off the Atlantic coast of South America
FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining tree of the species of Orthopristis based on partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I. Numers near nodes represent bootstrap support.
Figure 3 in Genetic data to describe the hybrid zone between Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in northeastern Türkiye
Figure 3. Cline analysis of nuclear (based on STRUCTURE Q-scores) and mitochondrial data across the Bufo bufo/Bufo verrucosissimus (Common Toad/ Caucasian Toad) hybrid zone along a west-east transect. Each point represents one population and grey shades represent 95% confidence intervals of fitted clines.
Figure 2 in Genetic data to describe the hybrid zone between Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in northeastern Türkiye
Figure 2. Interpolation map (a) and individual assignment barplot (b) constructed under K = 2 in Structure corresponding to the genetic pools of Bufo bufo (Common Toad) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Caucasian Toad). Different shadings show probabilities of belonging to the respective species (blue for Bufo bufo and yellow for Bufo verrucosissimus). Dark shades represent pure populations of each species whereas lighter shades indicate higher admixture. The white range indicates maximum admixture in the center of the hybrid zone.
Figure 1 in Genetic data to describe the hybrid zone between Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in northeastern Türkiye
Figure 1. Admixture proportions of each population as illustrated by pie charts on the map of the study area (a) according to STRUCTURE results (b), with information on mtDNA haplotypes observed in each population displayed over the STRUCTURE barplot. The inset map, modified from Özdemir et al. (2020), represents the geographic range of the Bufo bufo species group, with arrows pinpointing the western hybrid zone between Bufo spinosus (Iberian Common Toad, in red) and Bufo bufo (Common Toad, in blue) and potential contact areas between Bufo bufo and Bufo verrucosissimus (Caucasian Toad, in yellow) in Türkiye. The scatterplots of PCA (c) and DAPC (d) represent three groups (Bb: Bufo bufo; Bv: Bufo verrucosissimus; Hybrid: YAY population). Green dashed lines: Rize borders; Ruby red dashed lines: Artvin borders; Cyan line: Çoruh River along Artvin.
Fore-arc metasomatism by hybrid slab fluids during subduction initiation: Sr–Mg–Ca isotopes of rodingite, western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone
<p> Subduction zone metasomatism is critical for Earth’s material exchanges, yet understanding slab dehydration, particularly deserpentinization beneath fore-arcs, remains challenging. Here, we present Sr–Mg–Ca isotopic data for the Purang rodingites in the western Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ). These rodingites, dominated by amphibolite- to greenschist-facies minerals like tremolite, magnesiohornblende, and chlorite, exhibit cumulate textures and rare earth element patterns resembling troctolites or gabbronorites, presumably formed beneath a seafloor spreading center. The rodingites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements. They show higher initial <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios (0.7067–0.7075) and elevated δ<sup>26</sup>Mg values (–0.22 ± 0.07‰ to –0.13 ± 0.02‰) compared to pristine oceanic basalts, while their δ<sup>44/40</sup>Ca values (0.72 ± 0.02‰ to 0.87 ± 0.03‰) correspond to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). These features imply fore-arc mantle metasomatism of an original MOR-derived protolith at <40 km slab depth, driven by Sr- and Mg-rich fluids from clay-rich sediments and serpentinitized mantle, respectively. The measured Sr and Mg isotope compositions can be reproduced by mixing a MORB-like protolith with hybrid fluids derived from 70–30% clays and 30–70% serpentinites, with a fluid-to-rock ratio of approximately 1:3–1:5. Combined with studies on YZSZ metamorphic soles, we propose this metasomatism occurred during incipient subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic rocks. Our studies highlight the significance of deserpentinization at shallow fore-arc mantle settings during subduction initiation and suggest that subducting slabs exhibit more varied dehydration characteristics than previously recognized.</p>
Data from: Characterising a hybrid zone between a cryptic species pair of freshwater snails
Characterising hybrid zones and their dynamics is a central goal in evolutionary biology, but this is particularly challenging for morphologically cryptic species. The lack of conspicuous divergence between parental types means intermediate hybrid forms often go undetected. We aimed to detect and characterise a suspected hybrid zone between a pair of morphologically cryptic lineages of the freshwater snail, Radix. We sampled Radix from across a contact zone between two mitochondrial lineages (Radix balthica and an undescribed lineage termed MOTU3) and detected admixture between two nuclear genotype clusters, which were significantly but not categorically associated with the mitochondrial lineages. In a model selection approach, we show that the admixture cline is best explained by an interaction between precipitation and temperature gradients over the area, rather than geographic distance. We thus hypothesise that the correlation with climatic gradients suggests environmental selection has played a role in maintaining the hybrid zone. In a 2050 climate change scenario, we furthermore predict an expansion of one of the nuclear clusters and a widening of the hybrid zone as the climate warms and dries.
Data from: Differential introgression across newt hybrid zones – evidence from replicated transects
<p>Genomic heterogeneity of divergence between hybridizing species may reflect heterogeneity of introgression, but also processes unrelated to hybridization. Heterogeneous introgression and its repeatability can be directly tested in natural hybrid zones by examining multiple transects. Here, we studied hybrid zones between the European newts: Lissotriton montandoni and two lineages of L. vulgaris, with replicate transects within each zone. Over 1000 nuclear genes located on a linkage map and mtDNA were investigated using geographic and genomic clines. Overall, the five transects were all similar, showing hallmarks of strong reproductive isolation: bimodal distribution of genotypes in central populations and narrow allele frequency clines. However, the extent of introgression differed between the zones, likely as a consequence of their different ages, indicated by the analysis of heterozygosity runs in diagnostic markers. In three transects genomic signatures of small-scale (ca. 2 km) zone movements were detected. We found a limited overlap of cline outliers between transects, and no evidence of stronger differentiation between zones than between transects within zones. Introgression was heterogeneous across linkage groups, with patterns of heterogeneity similar between transects and zones. Predefined candidates for increased or reduced introgression exhibited only a subtle tendency in the expected direction, suggesting that interspecific differentiation is not a reliable indicator for the strength of introgression. These hierarchically sampled hybrid zones of different ages show how introgression unfolds with time and offer an excellent opportunity to dissect the dynamics of hybridization and architecture of reproductive isolation at advanced stages of speciation.</p>
Data from: Admixture mapping of quantitative traits in Populus hybrid zones: power and limitations
Uncovering the genetic architecture of species differences is of central importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of biological diversity. Admixture mapping can be used to identify the number and effect sizes of genes that contribute to the divergence of ecologically important traits, even in taxa that are not amenable to laboratory crosses due to their long generation time or other limitations. Here, we apply admixture mapping to naturally occurring hybrids between two ecologically divergent Populus species. We map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eight leaf morphological traits using 77 mapped microsatellite markers from all 19 chromosomes of Populus. We apply multivariate linear regression analysis allowing the modeling of additive and non-additive gene action and identify several candidate genomic regions associated with leaf morphology using an information-theoretic approach. We perform simulation studies to assess the power and limitations of admixture mapping of quantitative traits in natural hybrid populations for a variety of genetic architectures and modes of gene action. Our results indicate that (1) admixture mapping has considerable power to identify the genetic architecture of species differences if sample sizes and marker densities are sufficiently high, (2) modeling of non-additive gene action can help to elucidate the discrepancy between genotype and phenotype sometimes seen in interspecific hybrids, and (3) the genetic architecture of leaf morphological traits in the studied Populus species involves complementary and overdominant gene action, providing the basis for rapid adaptation of these ecologically important forest trees.
Genetic structure in hybrids and progenitors provides insight into processes underlying an invasive cattail (Typha x glauca) hybrid zone
<p>Traditional models of hybrid zones have assumed relatively low hybrid fitness, and thus focussed more on interspecific gene flow than on hybrid dispersal. Therefore, when hybrids have high fitness and the potential for autonomous dispersal, we have limited understanding of whether hybrid dispersal or repeated local hybrid formation is more important for maintaining hybrid zones. The invasive hybrid cattail <i>Typha × glauca</i> occupies an extensive hybrid zone in northeastern North America where it is sympatric with its progenitors <i>T. latifolia</i> and <i>T. angustifolia</i>. We characterized genetic diversity and genetic structure of the three taxa across a broad spatial scale, and tested the hypothesis that the hybrid shows stronger evidence of gene flow than its progenitor species, particularly among disturbed sites (ditches) compared to established wetlands. Support for this hypothesis would suggest that dispersal, rather than repeated local formation, is more important in maintaining hybrid zones. Within each taxon, genetic differentiation among ditches was comparable to that among wetlands, although clonal richness was consistently greater in ditches suggesting more frequent seed establishment. Genetic structure across sites was more pronounced in the hybrid compared to either progenitor species. Overall, our data reflect relatively low gene flow in hybrids, and suggest that hybrids are more likely to be created <i>in situ</i> than to be introduced from other sites. Despite the high fitness of invasive <i>T. </i>× <i>glauca </i>and its potential for autonomy<i>, </i>local processes appear more important than dispersal in maintaining this hybrid zone.</p>
Data from: Genome-wide mapping in a house mouse hybrid zone reveals hybrid sterility loci and Dobzhansky-Muller interactions
Mapping hybrid defects in contact zones between incipient species can identify genomic regions contributing to reproductive isolation and reveal genetic mechanisms of speciation. The house mouse features a rare combination of sophisticated genetic tools and natural hybrid zones between subspecies. Male hybrids often show reduced fertility, a common reproductive barrier between incipient species. Laboratory crosses have identified sterility loci, but each encompasses hundreds of genes. We map genetic determinants of testis weight and testis gene expression using offspring of mice captured in a hybrid zone between M. musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. Many generations of admixture enables high-resolution mapping of loci contributing to these sterility-related phenotypes. We identify complex interactions among sterility loci, suggesting multiple, non-independent genetic incompatibilities contribute to barriers to gene flow in the hybrid zone.
Data from: Testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in France
Hybrid zone movement may result in substantial unidirectional introgression of selectively neutral material from the local to the advancing species, leaving a genetic footprint. This genetic footprint is represented by a trail of asymmetric tails and displaced cline centres in the wake of the moving hybrid zone. A peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium is predicted to exist ahead of the centre of the moving hybrid zone. We test these predictions of the movement hypothesis in a hybrid zone between common (Bufo bufo) and spined toads (B. spinosus), using 31 nuclear and one mtDNA SNPs along a transect in the northwest of France. Average effective selection in Bufo hybrids is low and clines vary in shape and centre. A weak pattern of asymmetric introgression is inferred from cline discordance of seven nuclear markers. The dominant direction of gene flow is from B. spinosus to B. bufo and is in support of southward movement of the hybrid zone. Conversely, a peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium north of the hybrid zone suggests northward movement. These contrasting results can be explained by reproductive isolation of the B. spinosus and B. bufo gene pools at the southern (B. spinosus) side of the hybrid zone. The joint occurrence of asymmetric introgression and admixture linkage disequilibrium can also be explained by the combination of low dispersal and random genetic drift due to low effective population sizes.
Data from: Genomic regions underlying metabolic and neuronal signaling pathways are temporally consistent outliers in a moving avian hybrid zone
The study of hybrid zones can provide insight into the genetic basis of species differences that are relevant for the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones can also provide insight into climate change, species distributions, and evolution. The hybrid zone between black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (P. carolinensis) is shifting northward in response to increasing winter temperatures but is not increasing in width. This pattern indicates strong selection against chickadees with admixed genomes. Using high-resolution genomic data, we identified regions of the genomes that are outliers in both time points and do not introgress between the species; these regions may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Genes involved in metabolic regulation processes were overrepresented in this dataset. Several gene ontology categories were also temporally consistent—including glutamate signaling, synaptic transmission, and catabolic processes—but the nucleotide variants leading to this pattern were not. Our results support recent findings that hybrids between black-capped and Carolina chickadees have higher basal metabolic rates than either parental species and suffer spatial memory and problem-solving deficits. Metabolic breakdown, as well as spatial memory and problem-solving, in hybrid chickadees may act as strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms in this moving hybrid zone.
Data from: Low levels of hybridization across two contact zones among three species of woodpeckers (Sphyrapicus sapsuckers)
Three species of closely related woodpeckers (sapsuckers; Sphyrapicus) hybridize where they come into contact, presenting a rare 'λ‐shape' meeting of hybrid zones. Two of the three arms of this hybrid zone are located on either side of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada bordering the foothills of the Coast Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. The third arm is located in the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The zones of hybridization present high variability of phenotypes and alleles in relatively small areas and provide an opportunity to examine levels of reproductive isolation between the taxa involved. We examined phenotypes (morphometric traits and plumage) and genotypes of 175 live birds across the two hybrid zones. We used the Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) method to identify 180 partially diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to generate a genetic hybrid index (GHI) for each bird. Phenotypically diverged S. ruber and S. nuchalis are genetically closely related, while S. nuchalis and S. varius have similar plumage but are well separated at the genetic markers studied. The width of both hybrid zones is narrower than expected under neutrality, and analyses of both genotypes and phenotypes indicate that hybrids are rare in the hybrid zone. Rarity of hybrids indicates assortative mating and/or some form of fitness reduction in hybrids, which might maintain the species complex despite close genetic distance and introgression. These findings further support the treatment of the three taxa as distinct species.
Data from: Similar hybrid composition among different age and sex classes in the Myrtle–Audubon's warbler hybrid zone
Hybrid zones provide a key natural context within which to study the barriers between incipient species. In some avian hybrid zones, there is indirect evidence of selection against hybrid offspring, yet the source of that selection is often unclear. We examined the frequency distribution of hybrids between Myrtle Warblers (Setophaga coronata coronata) and Audubon's Warblers (S. c. auduboni), using data to quantify—for the first time at a genomic scale—the composition of hybrids in this hybrid zone. We sampled birds during the breeding season and during fall migration and compared the frequencies of hybrids of different sex and age classes. Specifically, we tested for evidence of early-generation hybrids being significantly under- or over-represented in any of these classes, as would be expected if hybrids have lower or higher fitness than non-hybrids. We found that the genomic composition of birds in the hybrid zone spans the full ancestry spectrum. Across all our sampling periods, we found an excess of birds that had more Audubon's ancestry, with a stronger bias toward Audubon's ancestry in fall migrants than in breeding birds, consistent with asymmetric introgression. Notably, we did not find any differences in hybrid frequencies between juvenile and adult age classes or between males and females. Therefore, our results do not support large differences in viability between male and female hybrids or between different age classes of hybrids.
Weak coupling among barrier loci and waves of neutral and adaptive introgression across an expanding hybrid zone
<p>Hybridization can serve as an evolutionary stimulus, but we have little understanding of introgression at early stages of hybrid zone formation. We analyze reproductive isolation and introgression between a range-limited and a widespread species. Reproductive barriers are estimated based on differences in flowering time, ecogeographic distributions, and seed set from crosses. We find an asymmetrical mating barrier due to cytonuclear incompatibility that is consistent with observed clusters of coincident and concordant tension zone clines (barrier loci) for mtDNA haplotypes and nuclear SNPs. These groups of concordant clines are spread across the hybrid zone, resulting in weak coupling among barrier loci and extensive introgression. Neutral clines had nearly equal introgression into both species' ranges, while putative cases of adaptive introgression had exceptionally wide clines with centers shifted towards one species. Analyses of cline shape indicate that secondary contact was initiated within the last 800 generations with the per-generation dispersal between 200 and 400 meters, and provide some of the first estimates of the strength of selection required to account for observed levels of adaptive introgression. The weak species boundary between these species appears to be in early stages of dissolution, and ultimately will precipitate genetic swamping of the range-limited species.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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