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415 results for “incompletive”
York Archaeological Trust 1984.132.4148 3D Archaeological Use-wear (Incomplete Scan)
<p>Final 3D dataset for object 1984.132.4148 in the collections of York Archaeological Trust.</p> <p>1984.132.4148 is a dish. Close analysis was not undertaken at time of data capture. Scanning was not complete. Holes in scan data: one small circle at the very centre of the base of the dish, and gaps in data capture under the rim. </p> <p>Data was captured using a Zeiss Comet L3D 2 5M at 100 FOV to enable the analysis of use-wear on archaeological objects. The model is scaled in millimetres.</p> <p>Final dataset consists of 6,387,653 triangles - additional metadata included in associated spreadsheet.</p>
Data from: Incomplete lineage sorting impacts the inference of macroevolutionary regimes from molecular phylogenies when concatenation is employed: an analysis based on Cetacea
Interest in methods that estimate speciation and extinction rates from molecular phylogenies has increased over the last decade. The application of such methods requires reliable estimates of tree topology and node ages, which are frequently obtained using standard phylogenetic inference combining concatenated loci and molecular dating. However, this practice disregards population-level processes that generate gene tree/species tree discordance. We evaluated the impact of employing concatenation and coalescent-based phylogeny inference in recovering the correct macroevolutionary regime using simulated data based on the well-established diversification rate shift of delphinids in Cetacea. We found that under scenarios of strong incomplete lineage sorting, macroevolutionary analysis of phylogenies inferred by concatenating loci failed to recover the delphinid diversification shift, while the coalescent-based tree consistently retrieved the correct rate regime. We suggest that ignoring microevolutionary processes reduces the power of methods that estimate macroevolutionary regimes from molecular data.
Data from: Parsimonious inference of hybridization in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting
Hybridization plays an important evolutionary role in several groups of organisms. A phylogenetic approach to detect hybridization entails sequencing multiple loci across the genomes of a group of species of interest, reconstructing their gene trees, and taking their differences as indicators of hybridization. However, methods that follow this approach mostly ignore population effects, such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Given that hybridization occurs between closely related organisms, ILS may very well be at play and, hence, must be accounted for in the analysis framework. To address this issue, we present a parsimony criterion for reconciling gene trees within the branches of a phylogenetic network, and a local search heuristic for inferring phylogenetic networks from collections of gene-tree topologies under this criterion. This framework enables phylogenetic analyses while accounting for both hybridization and ILS. Further, we propose two techniques for incorporating information about uncertainty in gene-tree estimates. Our simulation studies demonstrate the good performance of our framework in terms of identifying the location of hybridization events, as well as estimating the proportions of genes that underwent hybridization. Also, our framework shows good performance in terms of efficiency on handling large data sets in our experiments. Further, in analysing a yeast data set, we demonstrate issues that arise when analysing real data sets. Although a probabilistic approach was recently introduced for this problem, and although parsimonious reconciliations have accuracy issues under certain settings, our parsimony framework provides a much more computationally efficient technique for this type of analysis. Our framework now allows for genome-wide scans for hybridization, while also accounting for ILS.
Data from: Social learning in a high-risk environment: incomplete disregard for the 'minnow that cried pike' results in culturally transmitted neophobia
Many prey species rely on conspecifics to gather information about unknown predation threats, but little is known about the role of varying environmental conditions on the efficacy of social learning. We examined predator-naive minnows that had the opportunity to learn about predators from experienced models that were raised in either a low- or high-risk environment. There were striking differences in behaviour among models; high-risk models showed a weaker response to the predator cue and became neophobic in response to the control cue (a novel odour, NO). Observers that were previously paired with low-risk models acquired a strong antipredator response only to the predator cue. However, observers that interacted with high-risk models, displayed a much weaker response to the predator odour and a weak neophobic response to the NO. This is the first study reporting such different outcomes of social learning under different environmental conditions, and suggests high-risk environments promote the cultural transmission of neophobia more so than social learning. If such a transfer can be considered similar to secondary traumatization in humans, culturally transmitted neophobia in minnows may provide a good model system for understanding more about the social ecology of fear disorders.
Data from: Molecular data and distribution dynamics indicate a recent and incomplete separation of manakins species of the genus Antilophia (Aves: Pipridae) in response to Holocene climate change
To determine a hypothetical scenario that accounts for the diversification of the two species of the genus Antilophia, we conducted multilocus molecular comparisons and species distribution modeling for the two taxa, which have distinct male plumage coloration patterns and allopatric geographic distributions, despite the high degree of genetic similarity indicated by recent studies. Three mitochondrial and three nuclear fragments were analyzed. The results indicate clear differences in the genetic diversity of the two species, but with ample sharing of haplotypes in all the markers analyzed, reflecting the absence of reciprocal monophyly, presumably due to the relatively recent and still incomplete separation of the two species. The paleoclimatic distribution models, together with the observed genetic profile indicate a recent process of divergence by geographic isolation in the ancestral populations of the two species. This scenario coincides with the recent climatic events of the South American dry diagonal, which involves the gallery forests of the Cerrado biome and the cloud forest enclaves of the seasonal tropical dry forest of the Caatinga between the late Pleistocene and the mid Holocene.
Data from: Bayesian estimation of speciation and extinction from incomplete fossil occurrence data
The temporal dynamics of species diversity are shaped by variations in the rates of speciation and extinction, and there is a long history of inferring these rates using first and last appearances of taxa in the fossil record. Understanding diversity dynamics critically depends on unbiased estimates of the unobserved times of speciation and extinction for all lineages, but the inference of these parameters is challenging due to the complex nature of the available data. Here, we present a new probabilistic framework to jointly estimate species-specific times of speciation and extinction and the rates of the underlying birth-death process based on the fossil record. The rates are allowed to vary through time independently of each other, and the probability of preservation and sampling is explicitly incorporated in the model to estimate the true lifespan of each lineage. We implement a Bayesian algorithm to assess the presence of rate shifts by exploring alternative diversification models. Tests on a range of simulated data sets reveal the accuracy and robustness of our approach against violations of the underlying assumptions and various degrees of data incompleteness. Finally, we demonstrate the application of our method with the diversification of the mammal family Rhinocerotidae and reveal a complex history of repeated and independent temporal shifts of both speciation and extinction rates, leading to the expansion and subsequent decline of the group. The estimated parameters of the birth-death process implemented here are directly comparable with those obtained from dated molecular phylogenies. Thus, our model represents a step towards integrating phylogenetic and fossil information to infer macroevolutionary processes.
Data from: Cladistic analysis of Caseidae (Caseasauria, Synapsida): using the gap-weighting method to include taxa based on incomplete specimens
Occupying the role of primary consumer and having an early–middle Permian age range, caseids (Caseasauria, Synapsida) are fundamental to the interpretation of the early history of terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. Despite this importance, no comprehensive, species-level phylogenetic study of Caseidae has yet been performed. Herein, we present a phylogenetic analysis of the group, using gap weighting to include poorly known taxa. Besides the description and comments on the resultant topologies, some more general issues concerning cladistic methodologies are briefly addressed. This study highlights the importance of a total-evidence approach, including as many within-group taxa and characters as possible. Continuously varying characters, in the form of indices derived from measurement of individual skeletal elements, proved to be highly important, adding significantly to the resolution of, and support for, recovered trees. The utility of the postcranial skeleton in understanding relationships among basal synapsids is highlighted.
Data from: Hybridization in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup: incomplete isolation among the three species of the yakuba complex
In the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, the yakuba species complex, D. yakuba, D. santomea and D. teissieri have identical mitochondrial genomes in spite of nuclear differentiation. The first two species can be readily hybridized in the laboratory, and produce fertile females and sterile males. They also form hybrids in natural conditions. Nonetheless, the third species, D. teissieri, was thought to be unable to produce hybrids with either D. yakuba or D. santomea. This in turn posed the conundrum of why the three species shared a single mitochondrial genome. In this report we show that D. teissieri can indeed hybridize with both D. yakuba and D. santomea. The resulting female hybrids from both crosses are fertile, while the hybrid males are sterile. We also characterize six isolating mechanisms that might be involved in keeping the three species apart. Our results open the possibility of studying the history of introgression in the yakuba species complex and dissecting the genetic basis of interspecific differences between these three species by genetic mapping.
Supporting data for: The danger zone: the joint trap of incomplete lineage sorting and long-branch attraction in resolving the Gondwanan origin of Rafflesiaceae and Apodanthaceae
<p>This is supporting sequence data for the paper: The danger zone: the joint trap of incomplete lineage sorting and long-branch attraction in resolving the Gondwanan origin of Rafflesiaceae and Apodanthaceae. It contains DNA and protein sequences as well as gene trees for 2135 loci for the investigation of the phylogenetic placement of the parasitic Rafflesiaceae and Apodannthaceae.</p>
Data from: Different evolutionary pathways lead to incomplete convergence of elongate body shapes in carnivoran mammals
<p><span>Although convergence is often recognized as a ubiquitous feature across the Tree of Life, whether the underlying traits also exhibit similar evolutionary pathways towards convergent forms puzzles biologists. In carnivoran mammals, "elongate," "slender," and "long" are often used to describe and even to categorize mustelids (martens, polecats, and weasels), herpestids (mongooses), viverrids (civets and genets), and other carnivorans together. But just how similar these carnivorans are and whether there is convergence in the morphological component that contribute to elongation has never been assessed. Here, I found that these qualitatively-described elongate carnivorans exhibited incomplete convergence towards elongate bodies compared to other terrestrial carnivorans. In contrast, the morphological components underlying body shape variation do not exhibit convergence despite evidence that these components are more elongate in elongate carnivorans compared to non-elongate carnivorans. Furthermore, these components also exhibited shorter but different phylogenetic half-lives towards more elongate adaptive peaks, indicating that different selective pressures can create multiple pathways to elongation. Incorporating the fossil record will facilitate further investigation of whether body elongation evolved adaptively or if it is simply a retained ancestral trait. </span></p>
Figure 3 from: Rocha-Méndez A, Sánchez-González LA, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Navarro-Sigüenza AG (2018) Phylogeography indicates incomplete genetic divergence among phenotypically differentiated montane forest populations of Atlapetes albinucha (Aves, Passerellidae). ZooKeys 809: 125-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.28743
Figure 3 Bayesian skyline plot derived from the concatenated gene dataset of Atlapetesalbinucha species. Time in millions of years. Population size change (Ne*generation time) in the Y axis. Mean estimate is shown as a thick solid line, and the 95% HDP limits are shown in solid purple color area surrounding the mean estimate.
Figure 4 from: Rocha-Méndez A, Sánchez-González LA, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Navarro-Sigüenza AG (2018) Phylogeography indicates incomplete genetic divergence among phenotypically differentiated montane forest populations of Atlapetes albinucha (Aves, Passerellidae). ZooKeys 809: 125-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.28743
Figure 4 Maxent ENMs for A.albinucha species projected into present and past scenarios. Darker blue areas depict higher logistic prediction values. ENM projected in the a present b the Mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum (MH) c the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and d the Last Interglacial (LIG).
Figure 1 from: Rocha-Méndez A, Sánchez-González LA, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Navarro-Sigüenza AG (2018) Phylogeography indicates incomplete genetic divergence among phenotypically differentiated montane forest populations of Atlapetes albinucha (Aves, Passerellidae). ZooKeys 809: 125-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.28743
Figure 1 Atlapetesalbinucha distribution shown in green stapled lines, based on Sánchez-González et al. (2015) and Natureserve (http://natureserve.org). Blue dots depict tissue samples used in the present study. Red dots depict records of the species used to construct the distribution model. Bird pictures depict the geographic regions where color morphs are found. Blue line depicts the location of the putative distribution barrier of the morphs in Chiapas.
Figure 2 from: Rocha-Méndez A, Sánchez-González LA, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Navarro-Sigüenza AG (2018) Phylogeography indicates incomplete genetic divergence among phenotypically differentiated montane forest populations of Atlapetes albinucha (Aves, Passerellidae). ZooKeys 809: 125-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.28743
Figure 2 A Dated Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree showing phylogenetic relationships among members of Atlapetesalbinucha species. Node bars depict 95% HDP interval, scale bar represents millions of years. Nodal values above branches indicate posterior probabilities/ bootstrap supports of BI/ML. Capital letters depict haplotypes. An asterisk (*) indicate birds representing yellow morphs B Median-joining haplotype network for the concatenated dataset. Each color depicts the geographic provenance of samples: green-northern Chiapas (subspecies albinucha), red-southern Chiapas (subspeciesgriseipectus), blue-El Salvador (subspecies griseipectus), yellow-Honduras (subspecies fuscipygius) and light blue-Colombia (subspecies gutturalis). Each branch represents a single nucleotide change, transversal black lines along branches depict the occurrence of three mutations. Gray dots indicate median vectors inferred for the data.
Supplementary data for incomplete CirA protein in Klebsiella pneumoniae
<p>The supplementary data for incomplete CirA protein in Klebsiella pneumoniae</p>
SimPhy configuration scripts for simulations reported in the study titled: Species tree inference methods intended to deal with incomplete lineage sorting are robust to the presence of paralogs
<p>Many recent phylogenetic methods have focused on accurately inferring species trees when there is gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). For almost all of these methods, and for phylogenetic methods in general, the data for each locus is assumed to consist of orthologous, single-copy sequences. Loci that are present in more than a single copy in any of the studied genomes are excluded from the data. These steps greatly reduce the number of loci available for analysis. The question we seek to answer in this study is: What happens if one runs such species tree inference methods on data where paralogy is present, in addition to or without ILS being present? Through simulation studies and analyses of two large biological data sets, we show that running such methods on data with paralogs can still provide accurate results. We use multiple different methods, some of which are based directly on the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, and some of which have been proven to be statistically consistent under it. We also treat the paralogous loci in multiple ways: from explicitly denoting them as paralogs, to randomly selecting one copy per species. In all cases the inferred species trees are as accurate as equivalent analyses using single-copy orthologs. Our results have significant implications for the use of ILS-aware phylogenomic analyses, demonstrating that they do not have to be restricted to single-copy loci. This will greatly increase the amount of data that can be used for phylogenetic inference.</p>
Figure 3 in Biogeography, land snails and incomplete data sets: the case of three island groups in the Aegean Sea
Figure 3. Map of the island group of Kalymnos, with islands and sites studied.
Figure 1 in Biogeography, land snails and incomplete data sets: the case of three island groups in the Aegean Sea
Figure 1. Map of the island group of Skyros, with islands and sites studied.
Figures 28-30 from: Gess F (2012) The genus Quartinia Ed. André, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Southern Africa. Part VI. New and little known species both with complete and incomplete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 95-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2155
Figures 28-30 - Quartinia niveopicta 28 ♀, lateral view (× 12) 29 ♀, dorsal view (× 12) 30 ♀, head, front view (× 36).
Figures 22-27 from: Gess F (2012) The genus Quartinia Ed. André, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Southern Africa. Part VI. New and little known species both with complete and incomplete venation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24: 95-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2155
Figures 22-27 - Quartinia latigena 22 ♀, lateral view (× 14) 23 ♂, lateral view (× 13) 24 ♀, dorsal view (× 14) 25 ♂, dorsal view (× 13) 26 ♀, head, front view (× 39) 27 ♂, head, front view (× 33).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.