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799 results for “island endemism”
FIGURE 10 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
FIGURE 10. Skeleton of Synemporion keana in situ on the floor near the lower end of Māhiehie Cave.
A major myna problem; invasive predator removal benefits female survival and population growth of a translocated island endemic
<p>Invasive predators are a major driver of extinctions and continue to threaten native populations worldwide. Island eradications of (mostly mammalian) invasive predators have facilitated the reestablishment of numerous island-endemic populations. Other invasive taxa, such as some predatory birds, could pose a more persistent threat due to their ability to fly and actively re-invade even remote and isolated islands. However, the impact of invasive predatory birds has been largely overlooked. We report on a novel sex-specific impact of an invasive-nest predator, the common myna (<span><em>Acridotheres</em> <em>tristis</em></span>), on a reintroduced population of Seychelles warblers (<span><em>Acrocephalus</em> <em>sechellensis</em></span>); translocated from Cousin Island to Denis Island in 2004. Regular post-translocation monitoring revealed that female mortality was 20 % higher than males, leading to a 60<span>–</span>70 % male-biased population sex-ratio between 2005 and 2015. This was attributed to common mynas inflicting severe injuries to incubating female Seychelles warblers while attempting to prey upon eggs in their nests. These effects likely contributed to the slower-than-expected population growth observed (relative to previous translocations of Seychelles warblers to other islands) over the same period. An eradication programme beginning in 2011 removed all common mynas from Denis by 2015. Subsequently, we observed a balancing of sex-specific survival and the population sex-ratio of Seychelles warblers and, consequently, accelerated population growth. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing the threat posed by all invasive taxa (not just mammals) to island conservation. Furthermore, we show how extended monitoring is needed to identify problems and develop solutions, post-translocation.</p>
A secure future? Human urban and agricultural land use benefits a flightless island-endemic rail despite climate change
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Identifying environmental characteristics that limit species' distributions is important for contemporary conservation and inferring responses to future environmental change. The Tasmanian native hen is an island-endemic flightless rail and a survivor of a prehistoric extirpation event. Little is known about the regional-scale environmental characteristics influencing the distribution of native hens, or how their future distribution might be impacted by environmental shifts (e.g., climate change). </span><span>Using a combination of local fieldwork and species distribution modelling, we assess environmental factors shaping the contemporary distribution of the native hen, and project future distribution changes under predicted climate change. We find 37.2% of Tasmania is currently suitable for the native hens, owing to low summer precipitation, low elevation, human-modified vegetation, and urban areas. <span>Moreover</span>, in unsuitable regions, </span><span>urban areas can create 'oases' of habitat, able to support populations with high breeding activity by providing resources and buffering against environmental constraints. Under climate change predictions, </span><span>native hens were predicted to lose only 5% of their occupied range by 2055. We conclude that the species is resilient to climate change and benefits overall from anthropogenic landscape modifications. As such, this constitutes a rare example of a flightless rail to have adapted to human activity.</span></p>
Tempo-spatial evolution of seed plant endemism in Taiwan island
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: In Taiwan island, dispersal through <em>recent</em> <em>land-bridge</em> and <em>oversea</em> after the appearance of proto-Taiwan (<6.5 Ma) is responsible for its biodiversity assembly. While radiations have also been widely reported in mountain systems. So, the tempo-spatial route to the floral hotspot was determined through a meta-analysis of evolution of endemic plants.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Taiwan island and adjacent Asian regions.</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Seed plants.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Published dated phylogenies were compiled, and the stem ages were considered as origin times. Ancestral range shift pattern and/or distribution of sister lineage/species were used to determine the speciation mode, in situ origin or dispersal. The distributions of sister taxa were assigned to ten different biogeographical regions. Histograms quantifying the number of different origin mode events within 0.5 Ma bins were constructed. Possibility of long-distance dispersal (LDD) was evaluated.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The 125 sampled endemic plants originated between the late Eocene and late Pleistocene, with 111 species (88.8%) originating after the emergence of proto-Taiwan and 14 species (11.2%) before. Spatially, in situ speciation contributed more to the formation of endemism than dispersal (56.8% vs 43.2%). The mean ages of in situ origin species (1.83 Ma) are significantly younger than that of dispersal (6.34 Ma). The main regions from which dispersal occurred were south-central (n=29) and southeast China (n=28) (referred to as south China), followed by Japan (n=14). High ratio (60.8%) of LDD ability is found.</p> <p><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: Spatially, <em>recent land-bridge</em> and <em>oversea</em> dispersal from the adjacent flora of Asia is supported and southwest and southeast China are the most important sources. In situ speciation that may be correlated with mountain uplift, monsoon intensification and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations exert greater contributions. Temporally, floral endemism is predominantly origin after the emergence of proto-Taiwan. Additional investigations with more sophisticated sampling and genetic data are needed in the future.</p>
Colonization history of the Canary Islands endemic Lavatera acerifolia, (Malvaceae) unveiled with Genotyping-by-Sequencing data and niche modeling
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A secure future? Human urban and agricultural land use benefits a flightless island-endemic rail despite climate change
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EST-SSR genotyping data from: Ecotype variation in the endemic tree Callicarpa subpubescens on small oceanic islands: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental insights
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Data from: Phylogeography of Aegean green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup): continental hybrid swarm vs. insular diversification with discovery of a new island endemic
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Data from: Species-level divergences in multiple functional traits between the two endemic subspecies of Blue Chaffinches Fringilla teydea in Canary Islands
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Data from: Genetic admixture and novel host shifts in a parasitic plant, Orobanche boninsimae (Orobanchaceae), endemic to the Ogasawara Islands
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Uncovering the incipient island Speciationgenetic diversity in <em>Adenophorus tripinnatifidus</em> Gaudich. (Polypodiaceae), a Hawaiian islands endemic fern
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A major myna problem; invasive predator removal benefits female survival and population growth of a translocated island endemic
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Highland islands: assessing gene flow among populations of an aquatic highland endemic
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The only complete articulated early Miocene chameleon skull (Rusinga Island, Kenya) suggests an African origin for Madagascar’s endemic chameleons
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Data from: Speciation with gene flow in an island endemic hummingbird
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Dietary morphology of two island-endemic murine rodent clades is consistent with persistent, incumbent-imposed competitive interactions
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Data from: Translocation with targeted vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect an island endemic bird threatened by West Nile virus
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Tempo-spatial evolution of seed plant endemism in Taiwan island
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Data from: Smaller islands, bigger appetites: Evolutionary strategies of insular endemic skinks
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FIGURE 9 in First record of Synagelides Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Sri Lanka description of four endemic species from tropical wet forest of the island
FIGURE 9. Synagelides orlandoi sp. nov. A–B, male (A, dorsal view; B, ventral view). C–E left palp (C, prolateral view; D, ventral view; E, retrolateral view). Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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