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Figs 7, 8 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Figs 7, 8. Prestonella protoconchs: (7) P. bowkeri, Nuweveldberg, Beaufort West (SAM, A8171); (8) P. nuptialis, protoconch. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 19, 20 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Figs 19, 20. Prestonella bowkeri and Prestonella nuptialis, living specimens: (19) P. bowkeri, shell length 18.0 mm, Glen Avon Falls (NMSA V9816); (20) P. nuptialis, shell length 13.0 mm, Fenella Falls (NMSA W5507).
Figs 17, 18 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Figs 17, 18. Habitat of Prestonella nuptialis, Elandsberg, Cradock: (17) Elandsberg with its summit in cloud, on a day when no rainfall was recorded in the surrounding landscape; (18) vertical rock faces near summit, with crevices and overhangs in which the species lives.
Figs 10, 11 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Figs 10, 11. Habitat of Prestonella bowkeri, above Glen Avon falls, Somerset East: (10) flat river bed with near vertical rock wall on south-facing bank, (11) cluster of more than 100 individuals under an overhang in the rock wall.
Figs 27, 28 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Figs 27, 28. Prestonella nuptialis (NMSA V9778): (27) pulmonary anatomy (abbreviations: an – anus, aur – auricle, int – intestine, kid – kidney, pc – pericardium, pn – pneumostome, pu – primary ureter, pv – pulmonary vein, rec – rectum, su – secondary ureter, urp – ureteric pore, ven – ventricle); (28) genital anatomy (abbreviations: alb – albumen gland, bc – bursa copulatrix, eph – epiphallus, flg – flagellum, ga – genital atrium, hd – hermaphrodite duct, od – oviduct, ot – ovotestis, pen – penis, pr – prostate gland, prm – penis retractor muscle, vd – vas deferens).
Fig. 2 in Pupa menkeana Pfeiffer, 1853, type species of the speciose land snail genus Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856: correction of longstanding PLVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG GHVLJQDWLRQ RI QHRW\SH (Mollusca: Eupulmonata: Streptaxidae)
Fig. 2. (A, B) lectotype and paralectotype of Ennea adamsiana Pfeiffer, 1859 in 1854–1860, 'Port Natal, M.C. [Mus. Cuming]', length 8.45 and 8.1 mm (NHMUK 20110168); (C, D) syntypes of Ennea impervia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896, 'Natal', length 8.8 and 8.75 mm (NHMUK 1903.3.11.85–86); (E) holotype of Ennea aurisleporis Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898, 'Natal', length 6.65 mm (NHMUK 1903.3.11.69); (F) holotype of Ennea socratica Melvill & Ponsonby, 1893, 'Pietermaritzburg', length 8.45 mm (NHMUK 1903.3.11.78); (G) Gulella menkeana, small inland form, Cumberland, Pietermaritzburg, length 7.2 mm (NMSA V9709); (H) G. menkeana, large form from coastal E. Cape, Port St Johns, length 9.24 mm (NMSA W561); (I) Pupa wahlbergi Krauss, 1848, probable paratype in SMNH, length 10.1 mm (SMNH-Type-2112); (J, K) P. wahlbergi Krauss, 1848, neotype, Durban Bluff, length 9.84 mm, diameter 4.92 mm (NMSA W7942/T2669); (L) holotype of Ennea formosa Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898, Pietermaritzburg, length 7.75 mm (NHMUK 1903.3.11.79).
Figure 8 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 8. Examined and verified occurrence records of (A) P. annabelli and (B) P. morti from the Australian Museum dry collection. Main maps showing records in NSW, Queensland and Victoria. Insets showing all of Australia. Source of base map: Hans Braxmeier, maps-for-free.com.
Figure 6 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 6. Boxplots showing comparisons between Paralaoma annabelli and Paralaoma morti in shape metrics: (A) SW/SH, (B) SW/ NOW, (C) SH/NOW, (D) BWH/SH, (E) AW/SW, (F) AH/SH, (G) AH/BWH, (H) AH/AW, and (I) UW/SW. Asterisk above pairwise comparisons of the two species indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.003) with a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test with Bonferroni correction.
Figure 5 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 5. Boxplots showing comparisons between Paralaoma annabelli and Paralaoma morti in size and shape metrics: (A) Umbilicus width, (B) Shell width, (C) Shell height, (D) Protoconch width, (E) Body whorl height, (F) Aperture height, (G) Aperture width, (H) Number of whorls, and (I) UW/NOW. Asterisk above pairwise comparisons of the two species indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.003) with a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test with Bonferroni correction.
Figure 4 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 4. Best Maximum Likelihood tree based on analysis of ELAV-I8 sequences. Numbers on branches indicate nodal support based on 10,000 ultra-fast bootstrap replicates. Scale bar indicating 2% of modelled sequence divergence. Note that the species for the immature specimens were misidentified (L638 = Iotula microcosmos misidentified as P. morti; L645 = Pseudiotula eurysiana misidentified as P. annabelli).
Figure 3 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 3. Best Maximum Likelihood tree based on analysis of the concatenated dataset of 16S and COI genes. Numbers on branches indicate nodal support by 10,000 ultra-fast bootstrap replicates. Scale bar indicating 10% of modelled sequence divergence. Note that the species for the immature specimens were misidentified (L638 = Iotula microcosmos misidentified as P. morti; L645 = Pseudiotula eurysiana misidentified as P. annabelli).
Figure 2 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 2. Shell dimensions measured. Abbreviations: SW, shell width; AW, aperture width; SH, shell height; BWH, body whorl height; AH, aperture height; UW, umbilicus width; and PW, protoconch width.
Figure 1 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 1. Shells of (A–B) Paralaoma morti and (C–D) Paralaoma annabelli: (A) lectotype, Darling Point (AM C.031181); (B) Woollahra, 1 km from lectotype locality of P. morti (AM C.347565); (C) holotype, Wombeyan Caves (AM C.353384); (D) Jenolan Caves (AM C.466715). Main scale bar = 1 mm. Inset scale bar = 100 µm.
Figure 7 in Delineating Paralaoma annabelli, a Minute Land Snail Impacted by the 2019-2020 Wildfires in Australia
Figure 7. Scatterplots of shell shape metrics for Paralaoma annabelli and Paralaoma morti: (A) AH/AW, (B) UW/SW, (C) SW/SH, (D) SW/NOW, (E) UW/NOW, (F) BWH/SH, (G) AW/SW, (H) AH/SH, (I) AH/BWH, and (J) SH/NOW.
Figure 3 A in Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand
Figure 3 A representative ML tree showing only the Taphrenalla clade. The synopsis of the radial groove on shell sculpture, genitalia showing location of dart apparatus, and live specimens of Taphrenalla spp. Results of species delimitation analyses based on the COI gene using ABGD and PTP. Black circles represent nodes with both ML (when Ē 70%) and BI (when Ē 0.95) support. White circles represent nodes with ML BS support but no BI PP support (when <0.95). Each clade colour refers to the distribution range in fig. 1.
Figure 2 in Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand
Figure 2 Representative ML tree of the Taphrenalla gen. nov., Macrochlamys, Sarika, Cryptozona, Hemiplecta, Megaustenia, and Durgella based on the combined partial sequences of the COI, 16S, and 28S genes. The code in the parenthesis next to the species name refers to voucher numbers of the analysed samples. Numbers on the branches indicate the ML BS and BI PP values.
Figure 1 in Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand
Figure 1 Map showing the sampling sites of the 11 Taphrenalla species along Southern Thailand. Each colour of the distribution range follows the phylogenetic tree of all Taphrenalla species in fig. 3.
FIGURE 2 in Trophic niche size and overlap in temperate forest land snails are affected by their lifestyle and body size
FIGURE 2 Variation in SEAc of land snail species from the four studied assemblages in relation to their lifestyle (a) and body size (b). Variation in percentages of overlapping SEAc for pairwise species combinations are compared between study sites (c) and three types of lifestyle (d). Different letters refer to significant differences at p<0.0, tested by GEE (a, b) and GLM-qp (c, d). The central line of each box refers to the median value, box height to the interquartile range, whiskers to the non-outlier range (i.e., 1.5 times the interquartile range at each side), and small circles to outliers.
FIGURE 1 in Trophic niche size and overlap in temperate forest land snails are affected by their lifestyle and body size
FIGURE 1 Isotopic niches represented by Standard ellipse area corrected for small sample size (SEAc) of the land snail species collected in four study sites (A, B, C, D) at least in five individuals per site.
FIGURE 10 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 10 Spermatophore of Sarika costabilis sp. nov. paratype CUMZ 7945. A) General view of spermatophore that was broken into two parts. B) Head filament. C–E) Tail filament. C) Three spines located close to the sperm sac. D) Region with and without branching spines. E) Branching spines on the tip region. Red dashed line indicates a series of ten branching spines near the middle length.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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