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Fig. 7 in Early development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: Cymatiidae): biology and morphology

Fig. 7 Partial warp score regression of M. pilearis and M. parthenopeus veliger side view images. Graphs of shape data (as partial warp scores) regressed onto the individual species a M. pilearis and b M. parthenopeus

Fig. 4 in Early development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: Cymatiidae): biology and morphology

Fig. 4 SEM comparison of M. pilearis and M. parthenopeus. a SEM images (× 200 magnification) of multiple M. pilearis veliger at 10 days post-laying. b SEM image of M. pilearis at × 270 magnification, 10 days postlaying. c M. pilearis veliger 7 days after emergence from egg clutch. Shown at × 440 magnification. d M. pilearis veliger 7 days after emergence from the egg clutch, apertural view, shown at × 400 magnification. e Image (× 1000 magnification) of the growing edge of the M. pilearis larval shell, demonstrating secreted "plates" fusing to form a completed shell. f M. parthenopeus veligers seen under brightfield microscopy 12 days post-laying. g M. parthenopeus veligers, 12 days after eggs were laid and immediately after emerging from egg clutch. h M. parthenopeus, 12 days after eggs deposited and immediately upon emerging from the egg clutch, operculum view

Fig. 6 in Early development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: Cymatiidae): biology and morphology

Fig. 6 Correlation of centroid size and relative warp of M. parthenopeus veliger side view images. Values of relative warp 1 plotted against centroid size for all M. parthenopeus veliger specimens. Data show no correlation between centroid size and shape variables (Spearman correlation test: rs = − 0.057, p = 0.599)

Fig. 3 in Early development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: Cymatiidae): biology and morphology

Fig. 3 Brightfield microscopy image of M. pilearis veligers 10 days postlaying. a View of bilobate veliger from the side. b View with cilia and eyespots immediately facing the lens

Fig. 1 in Early development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: Cymatiidae): biology and morphology

Fig. 1 Site map of collection site of M. parthenopeus and M. pilearis. Collection was carried out at Amity Point, North Stradbroke Island, and oyster leases on Moreton Island, Queensland, Australia. Map adapted from Google Maps

Fig. 3 in Morphological dissection of behavior: thoracic musculature clarifies independent development of jumping mechanisms between sister groups, planthoppers and leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

Fig. 3 Flight and jumping muscles of Auchenorrhyncha, lateral (left) and posterior (right) views. A, B, Ricania japonica (Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae); C, D, Cicadella viridis (Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea: Cicadellidae); E, F, Aphrophora pectoralis (Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae); G, H, Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Cicadidae: Cicadoidea). See Fig. 2 for terminology, colors, and abbreviations. The right side of posterior images shows muscles (colored shadows) and muscle attachment regions (black dots). The border of mesophragma is highlighted by green line

Fig. 5 in Morphological dissection of behavior: thoracic musculature clarifies independent development of jumping mechanisms between sister groups, planthoppers and leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

Fig. 5 Metathoracic endoskeletons and attachment regions of IIIpcm5, lateral view. See Fig. 2 for terminology and abbreviations. a Ricania japonica (Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae). b Cicadella viridis (Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea: Cicadellidae). IIIpcm5 is indicated by gray shadow. Dotted areas indicate muscle attachment regions

Fig. 4 in Morphological dissection of behavior: thoracic musculature clarifies independent development of jumping mechanisms between sister groups, planthoppers and leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

Fig. 4 Enlarged view of left metatrocanteral tendons and attachments point of muscles. a Ricania japonica (Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea: Ricaniidae). b Cicadella viridis (Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea: Cicadellidae). c Aphrophora pectoralis (Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). d Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). See Fig. 2 for

Fig. 6 in Morphological dissection of behavior: thoracic musculature clarifies independent development of jumping mechanisms between sister groups, planthoppers and leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)

Fig. 6 Most parsimonious reconstruction of character states scored in this study (Appendix) onto the phylogeny of Auchenorrhyncha estimated by Misof et al. (2014), Cryan and Urban (2012), and Urban and Cryan (2007). Out-groups are omitted. Character and character state changes reconstructed on the branches are indicated by black (gain) and white bars (reversal). For some characters (e.g., Character 5), an

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Fig. 10 in Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly

Fig. 10 Diagram (a) and schematic representations (b, c) of shoot system in Pinguicula moranensis based on fig. 2c in Grob et al. (2007). Abbreviations as in Fig. 2 of the present article. b Our preferred interpretation. c Our understanding of the interpretation adopted by Grob et al. (2007)

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Fig. 6 Pinguicula alpina, late flower development. a Stage with ring-shaped gynoecium primordium. b-e Flowers with calyx aestivation visible. f in Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly

Fig. 6 Pinguicula alpina, late flower development. a Stage with ring-shaped gynoecium primordium. b-e Flowers with calyx aestivation visible. f Flower with lower lip sepals removed to show young spur of corolla. Abbreviations: g, gynoecium; pl, lower lip petals; pu, upper lip petals; s, spur, sl, lower lip sepals; su, upper lip sepals; st, stamen. Scale bars 0100 μm (a), 200 μm (b), 300 μm (e), 500 μm (c, d), 1,000 μm (f)

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Fig. 1 in Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly

Fig. 1 Shoots of Pinguicula alpina with different chiralities. Frontal view of shoot apices (a, c) and their diagrams (b, d). In a and b (collected 1 September 2006), eight leaves (a-h) form an anticlockwise spiral. In c and d (collected 1 September 2006), ten leaves (a-j) form a clockwise spiral. 1, 2, 3 are flowers that are formed on a shoot of preceding order. Scale bars 0500 μm. In figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, leaves and flowers of the main axis are numbered starting from the first wellvisible leaf or flower. So, in fig. 1, a number of foliage leaves preceded flowers on the main axis

FIG. 1 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations

FIG. 1. Pinned specimen of Ascaphus montanus (specimen ID WCF08228 from Lost Horse Creek, MT) showing labeled oral morphology, including labial tooth rows. Rows are numbered from anterior to posterior. The A2, A3, and P1 rows are biserial (i.e., have two rows of teeth), as demonstrated by the labeled P1 row. The labial tooth row formula (see Methods) for this specimen is 3/9(1), where (1) indicates the medial gap in the P1 row.

FIG. 2 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations

FIG. 2. Sampling locations for Ascaphus truei (left) and Ascaphus montanus (right). Inset maps show estimated range boundaries for A. truei (in green) and A. montanus (in blue). Range maps from NatureServe & IUCN (2012).

FIG. 4 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations

FIG. 4. From the results of the species-specific GLMs, we predicted relationships (shown with 1.96*SE confidence intervals) between P2 tooth counts and developmental stage at each temperature point sampled (annual average stream temperature). Raw data points are also shown on these plots.

FIG. 3 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations

FIG. 3. Ascaphus truei tadpoles had higher overall counts of labial teeth in the P2 row than A. montanus tadpoles. Within both species, populations (here shown as different colored boxplots) varied in their P2 tooth counts.

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FIGURE 6 in Learning from Linnaeus: towards developing the foundation for a general structure concept for morphology*

FIGURE 6. The part of the definition of the genus Mandragora that refers to its stamen, taken from Linnaeus's Genera plantarum (1737) and transformed into a RDF graph.

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FIGURE 5 in Learning from Linnaeus: towards developing the foundation for a general structure concept for morphology*

FIGURE 5. Implementation of the structure concept in RDF ontology: The trait to be described is represented by the 'Subject' of a RDF triple. The 'property' represents one perceptual category of the structure concept and functions as an empirical question that can only be answered by studying the trait. The answer to the question is represented by the 'Object' of the RDF triple and corresponds with one of the values that are allowed for this category according to the structure concept. One such describing RDF triple represents a morphological datum – the smallest piece of morphological information possible.

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FIGURE 4 in Learning from Linnaeus: towards developing the foundation for a general structure concept for morphology*

FIGURE 4. Example of two definitions of concepts expressed in RDF: a) the definition of 'polarized junctioned cell' (for more information see text); b) the definition of 'protonephridium'—a protonoephridium always consists of a nephropore cell, a duct cell, a terminal cell, and extracellular matrix. However, some structures cannot be defined satisfactorily without reference to dispositions of being able to actively participate in specific biological processes. This is also the case for protonephridium, which participates in the process of excretion. This process can be partitioned into different phases, which at their turn have different parts of the protonephridium as their participants.