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376 results for “morphological divergence”
FIGURE 13 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 13. Extract of the distribution map of the glandulous species of Specklinia, with emphasis on Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Edited by D. Bogarín.
FIGURE 12 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 12. Specklinia vittariifolia (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. A. habit. B. flower. C. dissected perianth. D. column and lip, lateral view. E. lip. F. anther and pollinaria. Drawn by A.P. Karremans & L. Oses from Karremans 2945 (JBL-spirit).
FIGURE 10 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 10. Specklinia glandulosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. A. habit. B. flower. C. dissected perianth. D. column and lip, lateral view. E. lip. F. anther and pollinaria. Drawn by A.P. Karremans & L. Oses from Karremans 6306 (JBL-spirit).
FIGURE 9 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 9. Type illustration of Specklinia glandulosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, published by Ames (1923). Reproduced with the kind permission of the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, the Harvard University Herbaria.
FIGURE 17 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 17. Comparison of the lip size, shape, ornamentation and color of two species of glandulous Specklinia, in natural position (right) and extended (left). A. S. alajuelensis 1 (Pupulin 8470). B. S. vittariifolia (Chinchilla 1111). Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by A.P. Karremans.
FIGURE 8 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 8. Specklinia gersonii Bogarín & Karremans. A. habit. B. flower. C. dissected perianth. D. column and lip, lateral view. E. column ventral view. F. lip. G. anther and pollinaria. Drawn by D. Bogarín & L. Oses from Bogarín 9565 (JBL-spirit).
FIGURE 3 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationship amongst the species of the glandulous Specklinia. The trees were produced with an analysis of a nrITS dataset of 50 sequences using BEAST v1.6.0. Node values are posterior probabilities. The tree was edited using FigTree v.1.3.1. Branch lengths are relative to the relative number of changes. Names in bold correspond to species studied here.
FIGURE 16 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 16. Micrographs of the lip apices of Specklinia species. A. Specklinia alajuelensis 1 (Pupulin 8470). B. Specklinia alajuelensis 2 (Karremans 6460). C. Specklinia chontalensis (Pupulin 6543). D. Specklinia gersonii (Karremans 6025). E. Specklinia vittariifolia (Chinchilla 1111). Photographs by A.P. Karremans.
FIGURE 2 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 2. Comparison of the habits and flowers of species of the glandulous species of Specklinia. A. S. alajuelensis 1 (Karremans 3265). B. S. gersonii (Karremans 6025). C. S. glandulosa (Karremans 6306). D. S. vittariifolia (Karremans 2945). Scale bar = 1 cm. Photographs by A.P. Karremans.
FIGURE 15 in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 15. Intra-specific variation of flower morphology of diverse individuals of two species of glandulous Specklinia. A. S. alajuelensis 1. B. S. vittariifolia. Scale bar = 1 cm. Photographs by A.P. Karremans.
FIGURE 5. Specklinia alajuelensis Karremans & Pupulin. A. habit. B. flower. C. dissected perianth. D. lip. E in The glandulous Specklinia: morphological convergence versus phylogenetic divergence
FIGURE 5. Specklinia alajuelensis Karremans & Pupulin. A. habit. B. flower. C. dissected perianth. D. lip. E. column and lip, lateral view. F. column, ventral view. G. anther with pollinaria. H. pollinaria. Drawn by E. Winkel from Bogarín 2895 (JBL-spirit. L-spirit).
Data from: Testing the divergent adaptation of two congeneric tree species on a rainfall gradient using eco-physio-morphological traits
In tropical Africa, evidence of widely distributed genera transcending biomes or habitat boundaries has been reported. The evolutionary processes that allowed these lineages to disperse and adapt into new environments are far from being resolved. To better understand these processes, we propose an integrated approach, based on the eco-physio-morphological traits of two sister species with adjacent distributions along a rainfall gradient. We used wood anatomical traits, plant hydraulics (vulnerability to cavitation, wood volumetric water content and hydraulic capacitance) and growth data from the natural habitat, in a common garden, to compare species with known phylogeny, very similar morphologically, but occupying contrasting habitats: Erythrophleum ivorense (wet forest) and Erythrophleum suaveolens (moist forest and forest gallery). We identified some slight differences in wood anatomical traits between the two species associated with strong differences in hydraulics, growth, and overall species distribution. The moist forest species, E. suaveolens had narrower vessels and intervessel pits, and higher vessel cell-wall reinforcement than E. ivorense. These traits allow a high resistance to cavitation and a continuous internal water supply of the xylem during water shortage, allowing a higher fitness during drought periods, but limiting growth. Our results confirm a trade-off between drought tolerance and growth, controlled by subtle adaptations in wood traits, as a key mechanism leading to the niche partitioning between the two Erythrophleum species. The generality of this trade-off and its importance in the diversification of the African tree flora remains to be tested. Our integrated eco-physio-morpho approach could be the way forward.
Data from: Trophic divergence despite morphological convergence in a continental radiation of snakes
Ecological and phenotypic convergence is a potential outcome of adaptive radiation in response to ecological opportunity. However, a number of factors may limit convergence during evolutionary radiations, including interregional differences in biogeographic history and clade-specific constraints on form and function. Here, we demonstrate that a single clade of terrestrial snakes from Australia—the oxyuranine elapids—exhibits widespread morphological convergence with a phylogenetically diverse and distantly related assemblage of snakes from North America. Australian elapids have evolved nearly the full spectrum of phenotypic modalities that occurs among North American snakes. Much of the convergence appears to involve the recurrent evolution of stereotyped morphologies associated with foraging mode, locomotion and habitat use. By contrast, analysis of snake diets indicates striking divergence in feeding ecology between these faunas, partially reflecting regional differences in ecological allometry between Australia and North America. Widespread phenotypic convergence with the North American snake fauna coupled with divergence in feeding ecology are clear examples of how independent continental radiations may converge along some ecological axes yet differ profoundly along others.
Data from: Quantitative genetic inheritance of morphological divergence in a lake-stream stickleback ecotype pair: implications for reproductive isolation
Ecological selection against hybrids between populations occupying different habitats might be an important component of reproductive isolation during the initial stages of speciation. The strength and directionality of this barrier to gene flow depends on the genetic architecture underlying divergence in ecologically relevant phenotypes. We here present line cross analyses of inheritance for two key foraging-related morphological traits involved in adaptive divergence between stickleback ecotypes residing parapatrically in lake and stream habitats within the Misty Lake watershed (Vancouver Island, Canada). One main finding is striking genetic dominance of the lake phenotype for body depth. Selection associated with this phenotype against first and later generation hybrids should therefore be asymmetric, hindering introgression from the lake to the stream population but not vice versa. Another main finding is that divergence in gill raker number is inherited additively and should therefore contribute symmetrically to reproductive isolation. Our study suggests that traits involved in adaptation might contribute to reproductive isolation qualitatively differently, depending on their mode of inheritance.
Figure 6. The maximum-likelihood phylogram for cytochrome oxidase subunit I in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 6. The maximum-likelihood phylogram for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown. Normal font indicates reference haplotypes, bold font indicates haplotypes obtained in present study.
Figure 3 in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 3. Shells of Belgrandiella: (a–f) molecular clade A: (a–d) Belgrandiella cf. robusta, spring of river LipsenjŠČica, Cerknica; (e, f) Belgrandiella cf. robusta, Dvorce, Čatež ob Savi; (g) Boleana umbilicata, topotype, spring MoČilnik; (h, i) molecular clade B: Belgrandiella cf. kuesteri, PotoČe; (j–r) molecular clade C: (j) Belgrandiella cf. fontinalis, PotoČe; (k–r) Belgrandiella cf. fontinalis, Babja luknja; (s, t) molecular clade D: Belgrandiella cf. koprivnensis, Izvor Plive 1A, DraganiĆ. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
Figure 2 in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 2. Shells of Belgrandiella (molecular clade A): (a–c) Belgrandiella kusceri, topotype, Rakek; (d, e) Belgrandiella zermanica, topotype, Zrmanja River; (f, g) Belgrandiella krupensis, topotype, Krupa River; (h–j) Belgrandiella cf. fontinalis, Krk Island; (k, l) Belgrandiella robusta, topotype, Veliki Obrh; (m, n) Belgrandiella cf. pageti, KrŠka jama, source of Krka River; (o) Belgrandiella cf. robusta, ŽerovniŠČica; (p–s) Belgrandiella cf. croatica, Rupa na Brodu. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
Figure 1 in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 1. Localities of the studied Belgrandiella and geographic distribution of clades (see Figures 6 and 7).
Figure 5 in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 5. Penes of Belgrandiella: (a) Belgrandiella cf. fontinalis, Babja luknja (molecular clade C); (b–d) Belgrandiella robusta, Obrh, type locality (molecular clade A). Scale bar represents 0.5 mm.
Figure 7. The maximum-likelihood phylogram for H3 in A case of biodiversity overestimation in the Balkan Belgrandiella A. J. Wagner, 1927 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae): molecular divergence not paralleled by high morphological variation
Figure 7. The maximum-likelihood phylogram for H3 haplotypes. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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