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text-fig. 58. Diagrams showing how character distribution in a cladogram indicates gaps in the fossil record, a, arrangement of three taxa in a cladogram; synapomorphies a-f support the monophyly of the clade (B-C). B, if gradual acquisition of characters is assumed, several taxa must be missing in the phylogeny between taxon A and clade (B-C). The number of taxa missing is positively (though not necessarily linearly) correlated with the number of synapomorphies that diagnose any given node. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 58. Diagrams showing how character distribution in a cladogram indicates gaps in the fossil record, a, arrangement of three taxa in a cladogram; synapomorphies a-f support the monophyly of the clade (B-C). B, if gradual acquisition of characters is assumed, several taxa must be missing in the phylogeny between taxon A and clade (B-C). The number of taxa missing is positively (though not necessarily linearly) correlated with the number of synapomorphies that diagnose any given node.
text-fig. 53. Strict consensus tree resulting from the analysis of the pruned data matrix with 51 taxa. Numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap support values in branches that have more than 50 per cent support. The consensus tree is based on 5544 trees of 652 steps (CI 0-42, RI 0-748, RCI 0-314). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 53. Strict consensus tree resulting from the analysis of the pruned data matrix with 51 taxa. Numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap support values in branches that have more than 50 per cent support. The consensus tree is based on 5544 trees of 652 steps (CI 0-42, RI 0-748, RCI 0-314).
FIGURE 3. Ultrametric tree showing focal groups. Node bars indicate 95 in Diversification in the mountains: a generic reappraisal of the Western Ghats endemic gecko genus Dravidogecko Smith, 1933 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with descriptions of six new species
FIGURE 3. Ultrametric tree showing focal groups. Node bars indicate 95% HPD. Slant arrow indicates the point of divergence between Dravidogecko and Hemidactylus. Key geological events are indicated on the timeline: KT- Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, IA-India's collision with Laurasia.
The 4D mesh generated by the 'satori' algorithm, and Voronoi regions of its nodes
<p>The data contained in the archive is the 4D mesh containing 5^4 translation units, that are 2^4 points of tesseract shifted with 'satori' algorithm (total 10 000 nodes), and Voronoi diagram calculated using the qhull package for these points.</p> <p>It is used to demonstrate the shape uniqueness of the 4096 diagram's inner regions. The tessellation of inner regions is a candidate to be a solution of Kelvin problem in 4D version, offering possible minimal interface hyper-area to hyper-volume ratio. The structure posesses PT-symmetry so it might have applications in particle physics. For instance, its 3D layers can be used as CPT-compatible cellular automata for 3D simulations in chiral space.</p> <p>Presumably, the structure can be self-assembling in conditions near to critical point of second order phase transitions.<br> </p>
GBIF data summaries: GBIF nat__l node classification resource: Germany
GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility—is an international network and research infrastructure funded by the world__s governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth. <p></p>https://www.gbif.org
FIGURE 3. Neobertiera glomerata. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C in Revision of Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae) with observations on distyly, and three new species from the Guianas
FIGURE 3. Neobertiera glomerata. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C. Dissected long-styled flower, with stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube. D. Dissected long-styled flower, with stamens inserted at lower portion of the corolla tube. E. Dissected short-styled flower, with stamens inserted at the upper portion of the corolla tube. F. Fruit. A−C: drawn from Delprete & Quenette 11860 (CAY); D: drawn from Granville 2888 (CAY); E: drawn from Feuillet 3635 (CAY); F: drawn from Granville 2888 (UB). Illustration by Piero G. Delprete.
FIGURE 6. Neobertiera gracilis. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C in Revision of Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae) with observations on distyly, and three new species from the Guianas
FIGURE 6. Neobertiera gracilis. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C. Detail of a lateral branch of a fully developed inflorescence. D. Dissected short-styled flower, with stamens inserted at the upper portion of the corolla tube. E. Dissected long-styled flower, with stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube. F. Fruit. A−B: drawn from Maguire & Fanshawe 22964 (F); C: drawn from Gleason 6 (US) D: drawn from Grewal & Persaud 110 (L); E: drawn from Schultz & Wessels Boer LBB 10223 (L); F: drawn from Smith 2106 (US). Illustration by Piero G. Delprete.
FIGURE 4. Neobertiera glomerata. A. Flowering branch. B. Node with stipule. C. Inflorescence. D in Revision of Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae) with observations on distyly, and three new species from the Guianas
FIGURE 4. Neobertiera glomerata. A. Flowering branch. B. Node with stipule. C. Inflorescence. D. Close-up of inflorescence. Photos by G. Quenette.
FIGURE 1. Neobertiera micrantha. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C in Revision of Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae) with observations on distyly, and three new species from the Guianas
FIGURE 1. Neobertiera micrantha. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C. Flower in anthesis. D. Dissected long-styled flower, with stamens inserted at lower portion of the corolla tube. Drawn from Cremers & Granville 14097 (CAY). Illustration by Piero G. Delprete.
FIGURE 1. Paralasianthus zhengyianus H. Zhu. 1. Habit with inflorescences. 2. Enlarged node showing stipule and axillary inflorescence. 3. Calyx with pedicel. 4. Fruit. 5 in Paralasianthus (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Southeast Asia
FIGURE 1. Paralasianthus zhengyianus H. Zhu. 1. Habit with inflorescences. 2. Enlarged node showing stipule and axillary inflorescence. 3. Calyx with pedicel. 4. Fruit. 5. Cross section of fruit. (from BS 38840 (M. Ramos & G. Endano) (holotype L). Drawn by Wu Xinning.
FIGURE 1. Ischaemum agharkarii. A. Habit. B. First node. C. Collar. D. Joint. E in Ischaemum agharkarii (Andropogoneae, Poaceae), a new species from Northern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 1. Ischaemum agharkarii. A. Habit. B. First node. C. Collar. D. Joint. E. Sessile and pedicelled spikelet. (F–O. Sessile spikelet) F. Lower glume. G. Upper glume. H. Lower lemma. I. Lower palea. J. Stamens of lower floret. K. Upper lemma (awn partially removed). L. Upper palea. M. Stamens of upper floret. N. Pistil with lodicules. O. Caryopsis. (P–Y. Pedicelled spikelet) P. Spikelet with pedicel. Q. Lower glume. R. Upper glume. S. Lower lemma. T. Lower palea. U. Upper lemma. V. Upper palea. W. Stamens of upper floret. X. Pistil with lodicule. Y. Caryopsis. (All images from the holotype).
FIGURE 2. Sipaneopsis maguirei. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C in Sipaneopsis (Sipaneeae, Ixoroideae): A unique flowering process in the family Rubiaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIGURE 2. Sipaneopsis maguirei. A. Habit. B. Node with stipule. C. Portion of a stem with a leaf pair. D. Inflorescence with flowers in different developmental stages. E. Infructescence with fully expanded branches. F. Flower at initial stage of anthesis. G. Flower at intermediate stage of anthesis. H. Flower at final stage of anthesis. J. Fruit. Drawn by Piero G. Delprete from P.G. Delprete, A.C. Araujo & L. Alvarez 7452.
FIGURE 30. Lavoisiera cogniauxana. A. Habit. B. Cauline nodes and internodes. C. Abaxial leaf surface. D. Flower. E in A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae)
FIGURE 30. Lavoisiera cogniauxana. A. Habit. B. Cauline nodes and internodes. C. Abaxial leaf surface. D. Flower. E. Petal and detail of margin (upper left). F. Stamens (ventral view), antepetalous (left) and antesepalous (right). G. Ovary cross-section. H. Hypanthium in fruit. I. Hypanthium at anthesis (petals removed) with enlargement of adaxial calyx lobe sinus (above). J. Seed. (Based on: A, C, E–G, I, J, Mello Barreto 8943, F, US; B, H, Glaziou 19270, LE; D, Furlan et al. CFSC 8459, SPF, US.)
FIGURE 10. Miconia paucartambensis staminate plant A. Habit. B. Vegetative node with sessile leaves. C. Inflorescence axis D in Six new species of Miconia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) from the Andes
FIGURE 10. Miconia paucartambensis staminate plant A. Habit. B. Vegetative node with sessile leaves. C. Inflorescence axis D. Inflorescence cyme at anthesis. E. Bracts subtending bracteoles. F. Flower at anthesis (R) and longitudinal section (L). G. Inner surface of hypanthium with calyx teeth and lobes. H. Petal. I. Stamens from left to right: dorsal, ventral and side view. Drawn from Michelangeli 1676, 1677, NY.
FIGURE 1. Neobertiera montedouradensis. A. Branch with a young, unexpanded inflorescence. B. Branch with a fully expanded inflorescence. C. Node with stipule. D in Additional studies in Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae): a new species from the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon, and a new combination for a species from French Guiana
FIGURE 1. Neobertiera montedouradensis. A. Branch with a young, unexpanded inflorescence. B. Branch with a fully expanded inflorescence. C. Node with stipule. D. Dissected long-styled flower, with stamens inserted at lower portion of the corolla tube. E. Longitudinal section of flower, with corolla removed; note stalked placenta and hypanthium with basally tuberculate hairs. F. Basal portion of one hypanthium hair, longitudinal section. Drawn from M.R. Santos 414 (MG). Illustration by Piero G. Delprete.
FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood tree showing the seven Moraceae tribes. Unlabeled nodes had 100 in Delimitation of the new tribe Parartocarpeae (Moraceae) is supported by a 333- gene phylogeny and resolves tribal level Moraceae taxonomy
FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood tree showing the seven Moraceae tribes. Unlabeled nodes had 100% bootstrap support in both analyses. Labeled nodes show support from maximum likelihood analysis, with support from the ASTRAL species tree reconciliation in parentheses.
FIGURE 3. Brunellia lobinii. A. Leaf with node. B. Female flower with developing fruits from above. C in Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) in Peru-distribution, a new species and a key
FIGURE 3. Brunellia lobinii. A. Leaf with node. B. Female flower with developing fruits from above. C. female flower with developing fruits from below.
FIGURE 1. Merostachys mexicana. A. Culm segment showing a culm leaf with its reflexed blade. B. Internode showing two nodes and bud. C in A new species of Merostachys (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) with the northernmost distribution of the genus
FIGURE 1. Merostachys mexicana. A. Culm segment showing a culm leaf with its reflexed blade. B. Internode showing two nodes and bud. C. Detail of the apsidate (fan-shaped) early bud development. D. Culm fragment showing the node and hollow culm with thin walls. E. Culm fragment showing flowering branches. F. Foliage leaf complement. G. Inflorescence showing paired spikelets. H. Spikelet lateral view showing the lower and upper glumes and lemma. Drawing by Daniel Barba based on Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 542 (A–D, F) and Zamudio et al. 16946 (E, G and H).
APPENDIX III. Bayesian inference topology of COI gene with posterior probability values. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability support, other nodes with red circles has> 95%. Terminals with locality specification are species prior for understand the description of I. crassa sp. nov. (★). in A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the mountainous region of Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, with a new phylogeny and diagnose for Ischnocnema parva series
APPENDIX III. Bayesian inference topology of COI gene with posterior probability values. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability support, other nodes with red circles has> 95%. Terminals with locality specification are species prior for understand the description of I. crassa sp. nov. (★).
Raw images for: The narrowing of dendrite branches across nodes follows a well-defined scaling law
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The systematic variation of diameters in branched networks has tantalized biologists since the discovery of da Vinci's rule for trees. Da Vinci's rule can be formulated as a power law with exponent two: the square of the mother branch's diameter is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the daughters. Power laws, with different exponents, have been proposed for branching in circulatory systems (Murray's law with exponent 3) and in neurons (Rall's law with exponent 3/2). The laws have been derived theoretically, based on optimality arguments, but, for the most part, have not been tested rigorously. Using super-resolution methods to measure the diameters of dendrites in highly branched <i>Drosophila</i> Class IV sensory neurons, we have found that these types of power laws do not hold. In their place, we have discovered a different diameter-scaling law: the cross-sectional area is proportional to the number of dendrite tips supported by the branch plus a constant, corresponding to a minimum diameter of the terminal dendrites. The area proportionality accords with a requirement for microtubules to transport materials and nutrients for dendrite tip growth. The minimum diameter may be set by the force, on the order of a few piconewtons, required to bend membrane into the highly curved surfaces of terminal dendrites. Because the observed scaling differs from Rall's law, we propose that cell biological constraints such as intracellular transport and protrusive forces generated by the cytoskeleton are important in determining the branched morphology of these cells.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.