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519 results for “organic soil”
Contents of soil organic matter fractions as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of total, free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated organic C and N contents of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
Large dataset of soil organic carbon and topographic derivatives
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: The dataset compiles 840 georeferenced SOC measurements over a 26-ha agricultural field located in southern Ontario, Canada with a sampling density of ~32 points per ha. As SOC is influenced by site topography (i.e., slope and landscape position), each point of the database was associated with a wide range of topographic derivatives. The columns include sample ID, SOC measurement, latitude, Longitude, NDVI values, as well as a set of 54 topographic derivatives (i.e., primary and secondary - see metadat.pdf attached file) with a spatial resolution of a 5 m. </p>
Soil microbial diversity and community composition during conversion from conventional to organic agriculture
<p>It is generally assumed that the dependence of conventional agriculture on artificial fertilizers and pesticides strongly impacts the environment, while organic agriculture relying more on microbial functioning may mitigate these impacts. However, it is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change in conventionally managed farmers' fields that are converted to organic management. Here, we sequenced bacterial and fungal communities of 34 organic fields on sand and marine clay soils in a time series (chronosequence) covering 25 years of conversion. Nearby conventional fields were used as references. We found that community composition of bacteria and fungi differed between organic and conventionally managed fields. In the organic fields, fungal diversity increased with time since conversion. However, this effect disappeared when the conventional paired fields were included. There was a relationship between pH and soil organic matter content and the diversity and community composition of bacteria and fungi. In marine clay soils, when time since organic management increased, fungal communities in organic fields became more dissimilar to those in conventional fields. We conclude that conversion to organic management in these Dutch farmers' fields did not increase microbial community diversity. Instead, we observed that in organic fields in marine clay when time since conversion increased soil fungal community composition became progressively dissimilar from that in conventional fields. Our results also showed that the paired sampling approach of organic and conventional fields was essential in order to control for environmental variation that was otherwise unaccounted for.</p>
More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium-pathway than through the root-pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest
<p><span>Plant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and </span><span>ectomycorrhizal</span><span> extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root-pathway (RP) (i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium-pathway (MP) (i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ectomycorrhizal-dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). Under the non-N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, while the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 mg C g<sup>-1</sup> to +20.55 mg C g<sup>-1</sup> but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from -5.62 mg C g<sup>-1</sup> to -0.57 mg C g<sup>-1</sup>, as compared to the non-N addition. Compared to the non-N addition, the N-induced SOC accumulation was 1.62~2.21 mg C g<sup>-1</sup> and 3.23~4.74 mg C g<sup>-1</sup>, in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of</span><span> increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N-acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.</span></p>
Contribution of wheat and maize to soil organic carbon in a wheat-maize cropping system: a field and laboratory study
<p><span>Retention of crop biomass is widely recommended to improve soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the magnitude of contribution of aboveground residues and belowground roots from C3 and C4 crops to SOC is unclear. </span></p> <p><span>Data from a 10-year field experiment and a 60-day laboratory incubation were synthesized to identify the respective contribution of C3 (e.g., wheat) and C4 (e.g., maize) residues and roots to SOC, as well as its underlying mechanisms under no-till (NT) using <sup>13</sup>C labelling trace in wheat-maize rotations. </span></p> <p><span>The field experiment showed that residue retention significantly increased SOC accumulation, and SOC derived from wheat was 126.0% higher than that from maize. Conversion to NT promoted SOC derived from wheat and thus accumulated 17.6% higher SOC stock compared with plow tillage (PT) under residue returning at 0-20 cm soil depth (P<0.05). The data from laboratory incubation revealed the mechanisms that lower priming effects at 0-10 cm depth decreased total mineralization by 91.8% after inputs of wheat residues and roots compared with that of maize residues and roots, especially under NT compared with PT. Priming effects were negatively correlated with enzyme activities associated with the C recycle, SOC, and total nitrogen (TN) contents (P<0.01). NT increased enzyme activities, SOC, and TN contents and thus reduced priming effects and improved residual C. </span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> These results suggested that wheat may contribute more to SOC accumulation than maize, and carbon increment efficiency in farmland could be enhanced by considering the crucial roles of C3 crops in SOC accumulation. NT practice sustains the benefits of C3 crops to SOC sequestration</span> <span>in the upper soil depths.</span></p>
Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation
<p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear, especially in upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across twelve croplands in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics, microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition, biodegradability and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, iron (Fe), Fe-bound organic matter and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich in small-molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen-induced oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated oxidase-catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted production of protein-like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.</p>
Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta-analysis
<p><span>To improve our understanding of clearing natural ecosystems for cropland on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands, we searched for related peer-reviewed research papers published from 1980 to 2022 on the Web of Science (<a href="https://www.webofscience.com">https://www.webofscience.com</a>) and the Scopus Database (<a href="https://www.scopus.com">https://www.scopus.com</a>) (accessed on 30th April 2022). Then, we screened papers for </span><span>integrity, relevance, and scientific merit under the following criteria: (1) We made sure all studies were independent and based on field-measured data; (2) Each study had to report paired SOC stocks of cropland and adjacent natural ecosystems with the same or a similar suite of environmental factors; (3) Studies need to explicitly present results on SOC stocks or concentrations for certain depths and areas; (4) Studies have specified the types of natural ecosystems that were converted to cropland, which are used as criteria for defining CNEC types. Finally, we winnowed results to a total of 159 scientific journal articles, comprising 242 sites with 1379 paired soil layer observations from 601 paired soil profiles.</span></p>
Global soil organic carbon in tidal marshes version 1
<p><strong>[Please note: The current version is incorrect as the prediction values are maxed out to 256 due to a data formatting error when preparing the tiles for the Zenodo upload. We apologize for the inconvenience, and are in the process of preparing a new upload of the data.]</strong></p> <p>This dataset is the first version of the predictions, expected model error, and area of applicability of the global soil organic carbon in tidal marshes at a 30 m resolution. All methods are provided in detail in the accompanying <em>Nature Communications</em> paper, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54572-9">Maxwell et al. (2024)</a> Soil carbon in the world's tidal marshes.</p> <p>Tidal marsh extent map</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.26.542433">Worthington et al. (2023)</a> The distribution of global tidal marshes from earth observation data. <em>bioRxiv</em>. </li> </ul> <p>Training data</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02633-x">Maxwell et al. (2023)</a> Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes. <em>Scientific Data</em>.</li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17098">Holmquist et al. (2024)</a> The Coastal Carbon Library and Atlas: Open source soil data and tools supporting blue carbon research and policy. <em>Global Change Biology</em>. </li> <li>Citations for the training data from the above-mentioned syntheses are available <a href="https://github.com/Tania-Maxwell/global-marshC-map/blob/main/reports/02_data_process/data/map_training_data.bib">here</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Model </p> <ul> <li>Code available on <a href="https://github.com/Tania-Maxwell/global-marshC-map/tree/main">Github</a>.</li> <li>3D soil modelling approach: <a href="https://soilmapper.org/">Hengl & MacMillan (2019)</a>. Predictive Soil Mapping with R.</li> <li>Random forest model: <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v028.i05">Kuhn (2008)</a>. Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package. <em>J. Stat. Softw</em>. </li> <li>k-NNDM spatial cross validation: <a href="https://hannameyer.github.io/CAST/">Meyer, Milà & Ludwig (2022)</a>. CAST: ‘caret’ Applications for Spatial-Temporal Models. </li> <li>Area of applicability: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29838-9">Meyer & Pebesma (2022)</a>. Machine learning-based global maps of ecological variables and the challenge of assessing them. <em>Nature Communications</em>.</li> </ul> <h2>Description of files</h2> <ul> <li>GRID.zip: shapefile with the location of each tile in the zipped folders below </li> <li>Final_predicted_SOC_both_layers.png: final predicted tidal marsh soil organic carbon (SOC) for a) the 0-30 cm soil layer and b) the 30-100 cm soil layer (aggregated per 2° cell). </li> </ul> <p><strong>Area of applicability </strong></p> <ul> <li>aoa0.zip: the area of applicability (AOA) mask for the 0-30 cm layer. Pixels with an AOA value of 0 or 0.5 are considered outside the AOA; with an AOA value of 1 are considered inside the AOA.</li> <li>aoa30.zip: the area of applicability (AOA) mask for the 30-100 cm layer. Pixels with an AOA value of 0 or 0.5 are considered outside the AOA; with an AOA value of 1 are considered inside the AOA.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Final predictions and expected error </strong></p> <ul> <li>pred0_aoa.zip: predicted soil organic carbon for the 0-30 cm layer (Mg C ha-1), masked by the area of applicability.</li> <li>pred30_aoa.zip: predicted soil organic carbon for the 30-100 cm layer (Mg C ha-1), masked by the area of applicability.</li> <li>err0_aoa.zip: expected model error for the 0-30 cm layer (Mg C ha-1), masked by the area of applicability. </li> <li>err30_aoa.zip: expected model error for the 30-100 cm layer (Mg C ha-1), masked by the area of applicability. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Initial predictions and expected error</strong></p> <ul> <li>pred0.zip: predicted soil organic carbon for the 0-30 cm layer (Mg C ha-1).</li> <li>pred30.zip: predicted soil organic carbon for the 30-100 cm layer (Mg C ha-1).</li> <li>err0.zip: expected model error for the 0-30 cm layer for all tidal marsh extent pixels (Mg C ha-1).</li> <li>err30.zip: expected model error for the 30-100 cm layer for all tidal marsh extent pixels (Mg C ha-1).</li> </ul>
Contrasting Responses of Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon to Afforestation Potentially Obscure Soil Carbon Accumulation [Dataset]
<p><span>This is the data repository for the manuscript “Contrasting Responses of Particulate and Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon to Afforestation Potentially Obscure Soil Carbon Accumulation” submitted to <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em>.</span></p>
Data from: Warming reduces priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition along a subtropical elevation gradient
<p>The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. Here, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without additions of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PE<sub>glu</sub>) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PE<sub>lig</sub>), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (<em>i.e</em>., elevation) gradient, warming had consistent negative effects on PE<sub>glu</sub>, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of warming on PE<sub>lig</sub>. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated the SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability, since warming mediated the PE<sub>glu</sub> by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PE<sub>lig</sub> by switching from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.</p>
Supporting material for von Fromm et al (2024) Moisture and soil depth govern relationships between soil organic carbon and oxalate-extractable metals at the global scale
<p>This file contains the supporting material for von Fromm et al (2024) Moisture and soil depth govern relationships between soil organic carbon and oxalate-extractable metals at the global scale (<em>submitted</em>). </p> <p>For more details see the corresponding manuscript (once it is published) and the github repository (https://github.com/SophievF/Global_Mox_analysis/tree/main). </p>
General video about the PROMISCES project - Preventing Recalcitrant Organic Mobile Industrial chemicalS for Circular Economy in the Soil sediment water system
<p>General video presentation about the PROMISCES project.</p>
How do fine root traits of fast-growing trees promote soil organic carbon stabilization?
<p>Soil represents a larger reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) than terrestrial vegetation, offering a great potential for reducing the widespread adverse consequences of climate change. In forests and tree plantations, fine roots significantly impact SOC stabilization through their functional traits. However, it is not obvious which fine root traits between those related to chemistry (easily decomposable or recalcitrant), to architecture or morphology are the most conducive to SOC stabilization in phylogenetically related fast-growing trees. We assessed the effects of root functional traits on SOC storage and stabilization by studying <span>five hybrid poplar clones </span><span>(<em>Populus </em>spp.)</span><span> </span><span>with different root traits in plantations located in New Liskeard, ON, Canada</span>. We collected <span>soil cores at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, and determined bulk soil organic carbon, </span><span>particulate organic carbon (> 53 μm, POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (< 53 μm, MAOC) fractions and fine root (< 2 mm diameter) traits.</span><span> We found that r</span>oot length density (RLD) was the best predictor of increased SOC stocks and MAOC among all root traits. Soil organic C stocks and MAOC were also positively correlated with root traits indicative of low chemical recalcitrance (i.e. high N and soluble compounds concentrations and low lignin/N). Such easily decomposed root matter could be readily consumed by soil microorganisms and promote adsorption of microbial by-products onto mineral surfaces. Thus, root traits that increase the soil volume explored by fine roots and are associated with easily decomposed organic compounds play a key role in SOC accumulation and persistence.</p>
Quality of free soil organic matter fraction as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of free organic matter fraction of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
Contents of soil organic matter fractions as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of total, free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated organic C and N contents of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil (Data set)
<p>Data used for "On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil" by Colombi T, Walder F, Büchi L, Sommer M, Liu K, Six J, van der Heijden M, Charles R and Keller T. (2019). SOIL. 5, 91-105, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-91-2019.</p> <p>.txt file "MetaInformation_On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil" contains all necessary meta-information </p>
Three-dimensional soil organic carbon density by logarithmic function and coefficient scaling in Yangtze River Delta, China
<h3>Three-dimensional soil organic carbon density (SOCD) dataset with 90-m resolution generated by Lin, S., Zhu, Q., Yin, B., Yang, G., Liao, K., Lai, X., Guo, C., 2025. Generating three-dimensional soil organic carbon density dataset by soil depth function and correction methods in Yangtze River Delta, China. Environmental Modelling & Software, <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106582" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106582.</span></span></a></h3> <h3>Here, based on the best performance, the three-dimensional SOCD generated by LF corrected with coefficient scaling method were provided. The accurate SOCD maps with the spatial resolution of 90-m at any specific depth interval can be generated by our method. This dataset includes:</h3> <ul> <li>Spatial distribution map of parameter 1 (p1) of LF (LF_p1.tif)</li> <li>Spatial distribution map of parameter 2 (p2) of LF (LF_p2.tif)</li> <li>The calculation code and fitted functions of scaling coefficient a, k of LF (fitted_fx_scalingcoff.m)</li> <li>Readme.docx</li> </ul> <p>Note: the unit of SOCD is kg m-2; the spatial distribution maps provided by this dataset does not mask any water bodies.</p> <p><strong>How to use our dataset? Please refer to our article and Readme.docx for more details.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Wetland sediment soil organic carbon sequestration data to support radiometric technique comparisons
<p>This workbook shows the ID, the geographical location, the year of sampling, and sediment core information in samples collected from undisturbed wetlands situated across four provinces of Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario) from 2016 to 2019.</p>
Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in the World's Largest Arid Mangrove Forest (Indus Delta, Pakistan): A Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Approach
<p>Mangrove forests play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, especially in arid regions where their ability to store carbon in soil is vital for mitigating climate change. The Indus Delta in Pakistan, the world’s largest arid mangrove forest system, lacks spatially explicit data on Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) despite its importance for conservation and carbon budgeting. This study aims to establish a baseline SOC map 2020 at 10 m spatial resolution using Sentinel-1 (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and Sentinel-2 (MultiSpectral Instrument) satellite imagery, integrated with in-situ soil sampling. SOC predictions were made using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) machine learning model within the Google Earth Engine platform, leveraging 40 predictor variables, including spectral bands and derived indices. A total of 53 topsoil (0-10 cm) samples were collected in February 2020 across the Indus Delta, and SOC was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method. The results showed an average SOC value of 65.88 Mg C ha⁻¹ with substantial spatial variability, ranging from 15.06 Mg C ha⁻¹ to 138.03 Mg C ha⁻¹ with a total of 0.91 Pg C. The CART model demonstrated high accuracy, with an R² of 0.95 and an RMSE of 9.18 Mg C ha⁻¹. However, the region faces challenges such as seawater intrusion and salinity, which threaten its ability to sequester carbon. With the first high-resolution SOC map for the Indus Delta, this study provides valuable insights for ecosystem management, conservation planning, and carbon budgeting. These findings of this study have the potential to significantly influence initiatives like REDD+ and Blue Carbon projects, which aim to enhance carbon sequestration while addressing the ecological challenges facing Pakistan’s mangroves</p>
Climate warming and soil drying lead to a reduction of riverine dissolved organic carbon in China
<p>The raw datasets for spatio-temporal analysis of riverine dissolved organic carbon in China</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.