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305 results for “palaeoecology”
Figure 7. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 7. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727. Left-hand quadrate in medial (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), and anterior (D) views.
Figure 12 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 12. Strict consensus of the three shortest trees found in a PAUP analysis of the data matrix in the Appendix. Tree statistics: tree length, 55; consistency index (excluding uninformative characters), 0.80; rescaled consistency index, 0.69. Clades are diagnosed by the following synapomorphies (an asterisk denotes an ambiguous character; a minus sign indicates a reversal; numbers correspond to the characters listed in the Appendix): clade A (Captorhinidae), 1, 2, 3, 16*, 18*, 34, 35; clade B, 10(1), 14, 15, 17(1), 33(1); clade C, 5–11, 12, 19*, 31*; clade D, 4, 39; clade E, 13, 17(2)*, 20*, 21*, 25*, 29*, 38(1); clade F, 10(2), 22(1)*, 33(2), 40*; clade G, 38(2); clade H, 6, 7, 8, 9, 22(2)*, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 36.
Figure 11 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas
Figure 11. Labidosaurus hamatus, CM 76876. Partial right mandibular ramus in medial (A) and lateral (B) views.
Is Poaceae pollen size a useful proxy in palaeoecological studies? New insights from a Poaceae pollen morphological study in the Amazon
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Aim</strong>: Grasslands occupy around 40% of the Earth's land surface and can be regarded as the most common vegetation type in the world, with Poaceae being the most widespread angiosperm family of all. Poaceae pollen size has previously been suggested as a proxy to reconstruct the past vegetation and climates in the Amazon area, but it is still controversial if this variable indeed can be used in broader spatial and deep-time scales. Here we set out to perform a comprehensive assessment and test the robustness of this proxy.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Location</strong>: Amazon drainage basin (ADB).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Taxon</strong>: Poaceae.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Methods</strong>: One hundred and twenty-seven specimens from 58 species (non-crops) across the Poaceae phylogeny from the Amazon drainage basin (ADB) were prepared for pollen grain size analyses, in order to explore their relationship with abiotic and biotic variables (vegetation type, soil composition, climate conditions, photosynthetic pathway, and genome size). Phylogenetic generalized least squares (P-GLS) model and linear mixed models (LMM) were applied to assess the proxy.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Results</strong>: Our measurement data show that Poaceae pollen size presents a very wide range (18.77 - 71.62 μm), not only at the genus and species levels but also within species. There is no obvious relationship between pollen size and the explanatory variables considered here, however.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>: Poaceae (non-crop) pollen size does not respond to explanatory variables, and therefore cannot as a useful proxy to reconstruct past vegetation and climate.</span></p>
Fig. 7 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 7. Ichnofossils: (A) Chewed Glossopteris leaf margin, specimen BPl 3; (B) Probable insect eggs oviposited into a Phyllotheca stem, specimen AM F 122931; (C, D) Chewed Glossopteris leaf margins, specimens BPl 1 and BPl 2. Scale bars = 1 mm in Figs A, B and 1 cm in Figs C, D.
Fig. 6 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 6. Fossil insects: (A) Permosyne pincombeae (Coleoptera), holotype, Australian Museum AM F 19778 (original no. 14 T), note the indent, indicating the presence of a schiza, an adaptation to life in the water; (B) Wing belonging to an insect closely related to Stenoviicia incerta (Homoptera), specimen no. AM F 12948 (original no. B 325); (C) Wing of an undescribed protopsyllid (?) (Homoptera), specimen no. B 87; (D) Permosyne mitchelli (Coleoptera), specimen no. AM F 41273 (original number K129). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 5 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 5. An attempted reconstruction of the ecosystem of the Belmont coal swamp and overbank pools. The main component insect groups, conchostracans and plants preserved in the oryctocoenosis are illustrated here and assigned to definite, probable and possible feeding groups.
Fig. 9 in The geological setting and palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions of the Upper Permian insect beds at Belmont, New South Wales, Australia
Fig. 9. Depth of fossil insects at site 205. Most wings are found in a Lagerstätt at a depth of 2 cm within the seam.
Fig. 3 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 3. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), counterpart, photographed under ultra-violet light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 4 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 4. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), part, photograph of body under ultra-violet light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 2. Oligoptilomera luberonensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype (PNRL 2715), part, photographed under normal light. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in The first fossil representative of the water strider subfamily Ptilomerinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) in the Oligocene paleolake of Murs (southern France) with some palaeoecological considerations
Fig. 1. Location map and geological context of the 'Les Vergiers' fossiliferous locality in Murs (Vaucluse, France). A. Geographical position of Murs in France and within the National Natural Reserve of Luberon. B. Stratigraphic log of the 'Les Vergiers' from the 'Sables et grès verts de la Valette-dePernes' to the 'Marnes et grès verts de Murs'.
Is Poaceae pollen size a useful proxy in palaeoecological studies? New insights from a Poaceae pollen morphological study in the Amazon
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Palaeoecological data of KP core, Kampar Peninsula, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia
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Data from: Species Delimitation of Endemic Atlantic Forest Inga subnuda (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) Subspecies Based on Morphological, Ecological and Palaeoecological Data
<p><i>Inga subnuda</i> Salzm. ex Benth. are one of 31 endemic species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intermixed leaf and floral traits have made morphological distinctiveness difficult, and its current taxonomic treatment considers <i>I. subnuda</i> as one species with two subspecies. We aim to explore different lines of evidence to disentangle and clarify species boundaries in these two subspecies. Morphological variation and bioclimatic data of the two subspecies of the complex were assessed by using multivariate morphometric analyses and ecological niche modeling. Morphological quantitative characters allowed the recognition of different groups. The climatic space was similar but not identical, and the recent climatic cycles that could have shaped the current distribution are discussed. The results of our integrative study suggest regard both subspecies as two different species. Moreover, we propose a change in status of <i>I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana</i> to the rank of species. The new up-ranked taxon is described and illustrated.</p>
Palaeoecological data of KTG core, Katingan, Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia
<p>Southeast Asian peatlands, along with their various important ecosystem services, are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Sumatra and Borneo. These ecosystems are threatened by coastal development, global warming and sea level rise (SLR). Despite receiving growing attention for their biodiversity and as massive carbon stores, there is still a lack of knowledge on how they initiated and evolved over time, and how they responded to past environmental change, i.e., precipitation, sea level and early anthropogenic activities. To improve our understanding thereof, we conducted multi-proxy palaeoecological studies in the Kampar Peninsula and Katingan peatlands in the coastal area of Riau and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results indicate that the initiation timing and environment of both peatlands are very distinct, suggesting that peat could form under various vegetation as soon as there is sufficient moisture to limit organic matter decomposition. The past dynamics of both peatlands were mainly attributable to natural drivers, while anthropogenic activities were hardly relevant. Changes in precipitation and sea level led to shifts in peat swamp forest vegetation, peat accumulation rates, and fire regimes at both sites. We infer that the simultaneous occurrence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and SLR resulted in synergistic effects which led to the occurrenceere fires in a pristine coastal peatland ecosystem, however, it did not interrupt peat accretion. In the future, SLR, combined with the projected increase in frequency and intensity of ENSO, can potentially amplify the negative effects of anthropogenic peatland fires. This prospectively stimulates massive carbon release, thus could, in turn, contribute to worsening the global climate crisis especially once an as yet unknown threshold is crossed and peat accretion is halted, i.e., peatlands lose their carbon sink function. Given the current rapid SLR, coastal peatland managements should start develop fire risk reduction or mitigation strategies.</p>
Fig. 1 in Bony Fishes From The Late Miocene And Pliocene Strata Of Popovo Locality (Ukraine): Taxonomic Changes And Their Palaeoecological Explanation
Fig. 1. Location map of the Miocene and Pliocene multilayered Popovo locality.
Data from: Feeding habits of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from Germany and palaeoecological implications for archosaurs
<p>Bite traces on fossil bones are key to deciphering feeding ecology and trophic interactions of vertebrate past ecosystems. However, similarities between traces produced by different carnivorous taxa with similar dentitions and misidentifications due to equifinality hinder confident identifications of the bite makers. Here, we correlate bite traces with macroscopic wear and microanatomy of the teeth of the pseudosuchian archosaur <i>Batrachotomus kupferzellensis</i> from the Triassic Lower Keuper fossil lagerstätten (southern Germany), untangling its feeding habits and shedding light on the bite traces generated by ziphodont teeth (teeth with serrated carinae). Individually, bite traces reflect tooth morphology, whereas composite bite traces and their frequency are related to feeding behaviour and explain tooth macroscopic wear and microanatomy. Therefore the identification of the bite maker is possible by analysing composite bite traces, their location on bones, and their relative abundance. In addition, tooth macroscopic wear and microanatomy are proven as independent lines of evidence of feeding ecology. Comparing bite traces on fossil and present-day bone assemblages, we observe that bone modifications by the crocodylomorph lineage (from Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurs to extinct and extant crocodylians) are strikingly similar, including taxa with and without ziphodont teeth. Such a set of features differs from bone modification assemblages produced by taxa with similar ziphodont teeth outside the pseudosuchian lineage (such as theropod dinosaurs and the Komodo monitor), suggesting a phylogenetic signal in feeding ecology among saurian reptiles. --</p>
FIG. 2 in Systematics, palaeoecology and taphonomy of Turonian oysters from the northern Gabon Coastal Basin
FIG. 2. — Lithostratigraphy of the PK 12 section plotted against occurrence of oysters, gastropods and bivalve.
Fig. 4 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 4. Rank-abundance distributions of the bulk samples from Misurina Landslide and Lago Antorno.
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