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Figure 7 in Phylogenetic relationships among Acestrorhynchus species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)

Figure 7. Anterior portion of neurocranium of (A) Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, MZUSP 22121, 146.4-mm standard length (SL), (B) Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, MZUSP 44368, 110.4-mm SL; ventral view, anterior to left. Arrows point to ventral process of vomer.

Figure 15 in Phylogenetic relationships among Acestrorhynchus species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)

Figure 15. First infraorbital of Acestrorhynchus falcatus, MZUSP 4572-91, 119.4-mm standard length; left side, lateral view. Arrow points to first infraorbital process. The process was rotated dorsally for better visualization.

Figure 14 in Phylogenetic relationships among Acestrorhynchus species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)

Figure 14. Infraorbital series: supraorbital and antorbital of (A) Acestrorhynchus britskii, MZUSP 27892, 124.2-mm standard length (SL); (B) Acestrorhynchus falcatus, MZUSP 4572-91, 119.4-mm SL; (C) Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, MZUSP 20592, 113.9-mm SL, (D) Acestrorhynchus heterolepis, INHS 44161, 142.7-mm SL; left side, lateral view, anterior to left. Arrows point to lateral branch of the laterosensory canal of the fourth infraorbital.

Figure 17 in Phylogenetic relationships among Acestrorhynchus species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)

Figure 17. Upper jaw of (A) Acestrorhynchus lacustris, MZUSP 54682, 93.3-mm standard length (SL), and (B) Acestrorhynchus nasutus, MZUSP 29268, 67.8-mm SL; left side, lateral view, anterior to left. Left arrow points to third premaxillary canine. Right arrows point to projection on dorsal margin of maxilla.

Figure 18 in Phylogenetic relationships among Acestrorhynchus species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)

Figure 18. Endopterygoid of (A) Acestrorhynchus falcatus, MZUSP 4572-91, 119.4-mm standard length (SL), left side; (B) Acestrorhynchus microlepis, MZUSP 34957, 112.4-mm SL, left side; (C) Acestrorhynchus minimus, MZUSP 34987, 74.6-mm SL, left side; (D) Acestrorhynchus isalineae, MZUSP 25850, 88.6-mm SL, right side; (E) Acestrorhynchus heterolepis, INHS 44161, 142.7-mm SL, left side; medial view, anterior to left.

FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a in Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation

FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown.

Fig. 6 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic tree of Desoria calderonis sp. nov. and related species, on the basis of the cox1 gene. Names include the BOLD bin number, as well as the taxonomic attribution and number of sequences included in the bin. Genera were abbreviated where unambiguous within the bin. When records of the same bin had multiple taxonomic attributions, the one at the lowest level was retained if all were compatible. Alternatively, all were listed separately. Bootstrap support is indicated if> 80. ♠: olivacea- group; ♣: fennica-group; ♥: violacea-group of Desoria.

Fig. 4 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 4. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Ventral chaetotaxy of head. B. Labial palps. C. Labrum. D. Mandible. E. Maxilla. F. Maxillary palp. G. Female genital opening. H. Male genital opening. I. VT in posterior view.

Fig. 5 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 5. Desoria calderonis sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy. A. Ocular plate. B. Claws. C. Antennal organ III. D. Retinaculum.

Fig. 2 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 2. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Number and distribution of dorsal s-setae (accp-s: accp-setae; al-s: al-setae; as: as-setae) and ms-setae (ms). C. Ocular plate (A–H: eyes) and PAO. D. Ant. IV apical dorsal part; asterisk = seta-like s-seta. E. Ant. I–III, dorsal view, with s-setae (double line) and seta-like s-setae (simple line); on ventro-proximal part of Ant. I, two isolated microsetae present.

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Fig. 17. Phylogenetic hypothesis using nuclear gene sequences TMO-4C4 and 18S in A New Genus and Species of Pygmy Pipehorse from Taitokerau Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with a Redescription of Acentronura Kaup, 1853 and Idiotropiscis Whitley, 1947 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)

Fig. 17. Phylogenetic hypothesis using nuclear gene sequences TMO-4C4 and 18S retrieved with Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (MrBayes), representing 17 species from clade 6 from the analysis of Hamilton et al. (2017) and the new taxon. Tree rooted with the southern Australian trunk-brooder pipefish Heraldia nocturna. Nodal support at the generic level is shown in ML/MP/MrBayes order. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

Fig. 30 in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 30. Male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon of Pseudosesarma. A, P edwardsii, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (RMNH-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, P. edwardsii, male (13.4 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 1965.8.2.81), Pulau Pawai, Singapore; C, P. crassimanum, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (RMNH-D23313), Singapore; D, P. glabrum, holotype male (13.8 × 12.0 mm) (CUSAT 2016-1), Kerala, India; E, P. anteactum, holotype male (16.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0602), Sri Lanka; F, P. anteactum, paratype male (21.2 × 19.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0603), Sri Lanka; G, P. brehieri, holotype male (17.4 × 15.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0593), Myanmar; H, P. boulengeri, lectotype male (26.9 × 23.5 mm) (NHM 1919.11.14.1), Basra, Iraq.

Fig. 27 in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 27. Outer view of chela of Pseudosesarma. A, P. edwardsii, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (RMNH-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, P. edwardsii, male (13.4 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 1965.8.2.81), Pulau Pawai, Singapore; C, P. edwardsii, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; D, P. crassimanum, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (RMNH-D23313), Singapore; E, P. anteactum, holotype male (16.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0602), Sri Lanka; F, P. glabrum, holotype male (13.8 × 12.0 mm) (CUSAT 2016-1), Kerala, India; G, P. brehieri, holotype male (17.4 × 15.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0593), Myanmar; H, P. boulengeri, lectotype male (26.9 × 23.5 mm) (NHM 1919.11.14.1), Basra, Iraq.

Fig. 37. A–G in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 37. A–G, Pseudosesarma brehieri, paratype female (14.9 × 13.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0594), Myanmar; F, G, P. brehieri, male (15.0 × 13.6 mm) (ZRC 2013.0209), West Bengal, India; H, I, P. brehieri, male (14.5 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 2013.0209), West Bengal, India; J–O, P. boulengeri, lectotype male (26.9 × 23.5 mm) (NHM 1919.11.14.1), Basra, Iraq. A, K, male pleon; B, F, L, left G1 (ventral view, denuded); D, G, M, left G1 (dorsal view, denuded); E, left G2; H, O, left distal part of G1 (dorsal view, denuded); I, N, left distal part of G1 (ventral view, denuded); J, anterior thoracic sternites 1–4. Scales: A = 4.0 mm; B–E, N, O = 1.0 mm; F–I = 0.5 mm; J, K = 5.0 mm; L, M = 2.0 mm. A–E, after Ng (2018: fig. 7E–I).

Fig. 25 in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 25. Frontal view of cephalothorax of Pseudosesarma. A, P. edwardsii, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (RMNH-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, P. edwardsii, male (13.4 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 1965.8.2.81), Pulau Pawai, Singapore; C, P. crassimanum, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (RMNH-D23313), Singapore; D, P. anteactum, holotype male (16.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0602), Sri Lanka; E, P. glabrum, holotype male (13.8 × 12.0 mm) (CUSAT 2016-1), Kerala, India; F, P. brehieri, holotype male (17.4 × 15.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0593), Myanmar; G, P. boulengeri, lectotype male (26.9 × 23.5 mm) (NHM 1919.11.14.1), Basra, Iraq; H, Contusarma bocourti, male (25.3 × 23.3 mm) (ZRC 2000.0952), Bangkok, Thailand; I, Contusarma cheirogonum, neotype male (24.5 × 21.5 mm) (ZRC 1995.225), Bako National Park, Sarawak; J, Miersarma granosimanum, lectotype male (16.9 × 14.8 mm) (NHM 1880.6), Borneo.

Fig. 22. Overall habitus, Pseudosesarma species. A, P in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 22. Overall habitus, Pseudosesarma species. A, P. edwardsii, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (RMNH-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, P. edwardsii, male (13.4 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 1965.8.2.81), Pulau Pawai, Singapore; C, P. edwardsii, male (12.9 × 11.8 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.9), Singapore; D, P. crassimanum, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (RMNH-D23313), Singapore; E, P. anteactum, holotype male (16.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0602), Sri Lanka; F, P. glabrum, holotype male (13.8 × 12.0 mm) (CUSAT 2016-1), Kerala, India; G, P. brehieri, holotype male (17.4 × 15.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0593), Myanmar; H, P. boulengeri, lectotype male (26.9 × 23.5 mm) (NHM 1919.11.14.1), Basra, Iraq.

Fig. 36. A–G in Revision of the intertidal and semiterrestrial crab genera Chiromantes Gistel, 1848, and Pseudosesarma Serène & Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), using morphology and molecular phylogenetics, with the establishment of nine new genera and two new species

Fig. 36. A–G, Pseudosesarma anteactum, holotype male (16.7 × 14.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0602), Sri Lanka; H–L, P. glabrum, holotype male (13.8 × 12.0 mm) (CUSAT 2016-1), Kerala, India. A, I, left G1 (ventral view); B, J, left G1 (dorsal view); C, D, distal part of left G1 (ventral view, slightly different angles); E, K, ventro-mesial view of distal part of left G1; F, distal part of left G1 (dorsal view); G, L, left G2; H, pleon. Scales: A, B, G = 1.0 mm; C–F, I–L = 0.5 mm; H = 2.0 mm. A–G, after Ng & Schubart (2017: fig. 17); H–L, after Ng et al. (2017a: fig. 4).

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Fig 16 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig 16. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view.D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ML = mid line; PEB = posterior epigynal border; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

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Fig 15 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig 15. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.