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10,006 results for “randomness”
Individualized Nutritional Support versus Usual Care in Medical Inpatients at Risk of Malnutrition: Randomized Trial
<p>Dataset for analysis of the trial "Individualized Nutritional Support versus Usual Care in Medical Inpatients at Risk of Malnutrition"</p>
Back into the past: Resurveying random plots to track community changes in Italian coastal dunes
<p>This dataset includes two excel sheets. The first contains vegetation data ("species_data", a matrix of 668 plots x 213 species) and the second contains plant functional traits data ("traits_data") that were used to evaluate temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of Mediterranean coastal dune habitats.</p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As to the first sheet ("species_data"): vegetation data were collected at two points in time (Time 0, hereafter T<sub>0</sub>: 2002-2007, and Time 1, herafter T<sub>1</sub>: 2017-2018) in 334 randomly-sampled, georeferenced, standardized (4 m<sup>2</sup>) plots. Historical data used for the resurveying study were extracted from RanVegDunes (Sperandii et al. 2017). Details on the resurveying protocol can be found in Sperandii et al. (2019), but in short: resampling activities took place during the same months in which the original sampling was done, and plot positions were relocated using a GPS unit on which historical geographic coordinates were stored. Plots are located in coastal dune sites along the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts of Central Italy, and belong to herbaceous communities classified into the following EU Habitats (sensu Annex I 92/43/EEC): upper beach (Habitat 1210), embryo dunes (Habitat 2110), shifting dunes (Habitat 2120), fixed dunes (Habitat 2210), and dune grasslands (Habitat 2230). A subset of plots could not be classified into an EU Habitat because they were highly disturbed or invaded by alien species ("NC-plots"). The matrix includes cover data, expressed as percentage (%) cover. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>As to the second sheet ("traits_data"): this sheet includes data on 3 plant functional traits, two of them quantitative (plant height, specific leaf area - SLA) and one qualitative (plant lifespan). Data for the quantitative traits represent species-level average trait values and were extracted from "TraitDunes", a database registered on the global platform TRY (Kattge et al., 2020). Functional trait data were collected in the same sites covered by the resurveying study. Functional trait data were originally measured on the most abundant species, and are available for a varying number of species depending on the trait.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>References:</p> <p>Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., ... & Wirth, C. (2020). TRY plant trait database–enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology.</p> <p>Sperandii, M.G., Prisco, I., Stanisci, A., & Acosta, A.T.R (2017). RanVegDunes-A random plot database of Italian coastal dunes. Phytocoenologia, 47(2), 231-232.</p> <p>Sperandii, M.G., Bazzichetto, M., Gatti, F., & Acosta, A.T.R. (2019). Back into the past: Resurveying random plots to track community changes in Italian coastal dunes. Ecological Indicators, 96, 572-578.</p>
Selective extinctions resulting from random habitat destruction lead to under‐estimates of local and regional biodiversity loss in a manipulative field experiment
<p>Land-use change is a significant cause of anthropogenic extinctions, which are likely to continue and accelerate as habitat conversion proceeds in most biomes. One way to understand the effects of habitat loss on biodiversity is through improved tools for predicting the number and identity of species losses in response to habitat loss. There are relatively few methods for predicting extinctions and even fewer opportunities for rigorously assessing the quality of these predictions. In this paper we address these issues by applying a new method based on rarefaction to predict species losses after random, but aggregated, habitat loss. We compare predictions from three rarefaction models, individual-based, sample-based, and spatially-clustered, to those derived from a commonly-used extinction estimation method, the Species-Area Relationship (SAR). We apply each method to a mesocosm experiment, in which we aim to predict species richness and extinctions of arthropods immediately following 50% habitat loss. While each model produced strikingly accurate predictions of species richness immediately after the habitat loss disturbance, each model significantly underestimated the number of extinctions occurring at both the local (within-mesocosm) and regional (treatment-wide) scales. Despite the stochastic nature of our small-scale, short-term, and randomly applied habitat loss experiment, we found surprisingly clear evidence for extinction selectivity, for example when abundant species with low extinction probabilities were extirpated following habitat loss. The important role played by selective extinction even in this contrived experimental system suggests that ecologically driven, trait-based extinctions play an equally important role to stochastic extinction, even when the disturbance itself has no clear selectivity. As a result, neutrally stochastic null models such as the SAR and rarefaction are likely to underestimate extinctions caused by habitat loss. Nevertheless, given the difficulty of predicting extinctions, null models provide useful benchmarks for conservation planning by providing minimum estimates and probabilities of species extinctions.</p>
Replication package for: Improving Management with Individual and Group-Based Consulting: Results from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia
<p>This package contains the data and code needed to reproduce tables and figures in Iacovone, Maloney and McKenzie (forthcoming) "</p> <p><strong>Improving Management with Individual and Group-Based Consulting: Results from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia"., <em>Review of Economic Studies</em></strong>. </p> <p>Anonymized firm data are provided for analyzing impacts on management and employment. Authorized log files and output files are provided for analysis that uses the confidential EAM data, along with instructions for applying to access these data if required.</p>
Random Profile Data
<p>Sine wave + Random noise</p>
Data from: Safety of single low-dose primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient falciparum-infected African males: two open-label, randomized, safety trials
Background: Primaquine (PQ) actively clears mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals can cause hemolysis. We assessed the safety of low-dose PQ in combination with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in G6PDd African males with asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Methods and findings: In Burkina Faso, G6PDd adult males were randomized to treatment with AL alone (n = 10) or with PQ at 0.25 (n = 20) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 20) dosage; G6PD-normal males received AL plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. In The Gambia, G6PDd adult males and boys received DP alone (n = 10) or with 0.25 mg/kg PQ (n = 20); G6PD-normal males received DP plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. The primary study endpoint was change in hemoglobin concentration during the 28-day follow-up. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolizer status, gametocyte carriage, haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts were also determined. In Burkina Faso, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin was -2.13 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.78, -1.49) in G6PDd individuals randomized to 0.25 PQ mg/kg and -2.29 g/dL (95% CI, -2.79, -1.79) in those receiving 0.40 PQ mg/kg. In The Gambia, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin concentration was -1.83 g/dL (95% CI, -2.19, -1.47) in G6PDd individuals receiving 0.25 PQ mg/kg. After adjustment for baseline concentrations, hemoglobin reductions in G6PDd individuals in Burkina Faso were more pronounced compared to those in G6PD-normal individuals receiving the same PQ doses (P = 0.062 and P = 0.022, respectively). Hemoglobin levels normalized during follow-up. Abnormal haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels provided additional evidence of mild transient hemolysis post-PQ. Conclusions: Single low-dose PQ in combination with AL and DP was associated with mild and transient reductions in hemoglobin. None of the study participants developed moderate or severe anemia; there were no severe adverse events. This indicates that single low-dose PQ is safe in G6PDd African males when used with artemisinin-based combination therapy.
Immunization with full-length Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 is safe and elicits functional cytophilic antibodies in a randomized first-in-human trial
<p>This file contains the original data underpinning the article in npj vaccines, in which we describe a phase 1 safety and immunogenicty study on the malaria vaccine candidate MSP1 in humans. The abstract of the article follows:</p> <p>A vaccine remains a priority in the global fight against malaria. Here, we report on a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo and adjuvant-controlled, dose escalation phase 1a safety and immunogenicity clinical trial of full-length <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) in combination with GLA-SE adjuvant. 32 healthy volunteers were vaccinated at least three times with MSP1 plus adjuvant, adjuvant alone or placebo (24:4:4) to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity. MSP1 was safe, well tolerated and immunogenic, with all vaccinees sero-converting independent of the dose. The MSP1-specific IgG and IgM titers persisted above levels found in malaria semi-immune humans for at least six months after the last immunization. The antibodies were variant- and strain-transcending and stimulated respiratory activity in granulocytes. Furthermore, full-length MSP1 induced memory T-cells. Our findings encourage challenge studies as the next step to evaluate the efficacy of full-length MSP1 as a vaccine candidate against falciparum malaria (EudraCT 2016-002463-33).</p>
Data from: Demographic model selection using random forests and the site frequency spectrum
Phylogeographic data sets have grown from tens to thousands of loci in recent years, but extant statistical methods do not take full advantage of these large data sets. For example, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a commonly used method for the explicit comparison of alternate demographic histories, but it is limited by the "curse of dimensionality" and issues related to the simulation and summarization of data when applied to next-generation sequencing (NGS) data sets. We implement here several improvements to overcome these difficulties. We use a Random Forest (RF) classifier for model selection to circumvent the curse of dimensionality and apply a binned representation of the multidimensional site frequency spectrum (mSFS) to address issues related to the simulation and summarization of large SNP data sets. We evaluate the performance of these improvements using simulation and find low overall error rates (~7%). We then apply the approach to data from Haplotrema vancouverense, a land snail endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Fifteen demographic models were compared, and our results support a model of recent dispersal from coastal to inland rainforests. Our results demonstrate that binning is an effective strategy for the construction of a mSFS and imply that the statistical power of RF when applied to demographic model selection is at least comparable to traditional ABC algorithms. Importantly, by combining these strategies, large sets of models with differing numbers of populations can be evaluated.
Ancestral reconstruction of sunflower karyotypes reveals non-random chromosomal evolution
<p>Mapping the chromosomal rearrangements between species can inform our understanding of genome evolution, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Here we present a novel algorithm for identifying regions of synteny in pairs of genetic maps, which is implemented in the accompanying R package, syntR. The syntR algorithm performs as well as previous methods while being systematic and repeatable and can be used to map chromosomal rearrangements in any group of species. In addition, we present a systematic survey of chromosomal rearrangements in the annual sunflowers, which is a group known for extreme karyotypic diversity. We build high-density genetic maps for two subspecies of the prairie sunflower<i>,</i> <i>Helianthus</i> <i>petiolaris</i> ssp. <i>petiolaris</i> and <i>H. petiolaris</i> ssp. <i>fallax.</i> Using <i>syntR</i>, and we identify blocks of synteny between these two subspecies and previously published high-density genetic maps. We reconstruct ancestral karyotypes for annual sunflowers using those synteny blocks and conservatively estimate that there have been 7.9 chromosomal rearrangements per million years – a high rate of chromosomal evolution. Although the rate of inversion is even higher than the rate of translocation in this group, we further find that every extant karyotype is distinguished by between 1 and 3 translocations involving only 8 of the 17 chromosomes. This non-random exchange suggests that specific chromosomes are prone to translocation and may thus contribute disproportionately to widespread hybrid sterility in sunflowers. These data deepen our understanding of chromosome evolution and confirm that <i>Helianthus</i> has an exceptional rate of chromosomal rearrangement that may facilitate similarly rapid diversification.</p>
Kharkov random private sector yard.
Энгельс Маркс Ленин Сталин, в земле на территории случайного дворика Харькова. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Supporting data: Structure-based Markov random field model for representing evolutionary constraints on functional sites
<p>Supporting data for the paper:</p> <p>Chan-Seok Jeong, Dongsup Kim. Structure-based Markov random field model for representing evolutionary constraints on functional sites. Submitted. (2015)</p> <p>See 'README' for a description of the contents.</p>
D1D-TRNS4 Truly Random Number Seeds with Verified Statistical Quality
<p>========================================================</p> <p> Dataset: D1D-TRNS4</p> <p> Truly Random Number Seeds with Verified<br /> Statistical Quality (Jul.2016)<br /> <br /> Release Notes</p> <p> Copyright (c) 2016 by Harris V. Georgiou</p> <p>========================================================<br /> Release: Jul 31, 2016</p> <p> - Version: 1.1a<br /> - Format: .wav/.bin<br /> ========================================================</p> <p><br /> This file contains important information about the current version of the dataset package. Downloading and using this material hints that you accept the EULA/Terms-of-Use (please read carefully).</p> <p>We welcome your comments and suggestions.</p> <p>_______________________________________________<br /> WHAT'S IN THIS PACKAGE?</p> <p>- Overview<br /> - Available file formats<br /> - Files and Datasets<br /> - License Agreement</p> <p>_______________________________________________<br /> OVERVIEW</p> <p>The generation of truly random number streams is a task of fundamental importance in cryptography and computer simulations. The term "truly" refers to the use of a natural phenomenon that is inherently random, e.g. the decay of a radio-active element. Instead, a more practical approach is to use pseudo-random number generators (PRNG) that closely resembles such random process (output), as long as they have a very long period and their initial seed is inherently random. Additionally, some cryptographically strong algorithms, such as hashing/digest or encryption functions can also be used, since they act by design as "entropy diffusers".</p> <p>This package contains four sets of data that combine (a) truly random sources as seed and (b) cryptography for additional randomness in the output. Specifically, low-quality (noisy) sound recordings of rainfall and RF static are used as input for multiple PGP/GPG encryption steps with random keys. The result is a set of random binary data of very high statistical quality (sizes 690KB-1.27MB), which can be used as-is for one-time pads or as seeds for high-quality PRNG implementations.</p> <p>The source data is low-quality noisy waveforms: two rainfall samples with (approximately) mean=1.3KHz and stdev=600Hz in both cases; and two RF static samples with (approximately) mean=1.6KHz and stdev=800Hz. These can also be used as-is, but for quality PRNG seeds these raw data have to be properly pre-processed (at least whitened).</p> <p>The final data are evaluated using the ENT command-line tool and the appropriate statistics in Excel/LibreOffice format. In essence, ENT compares the bit-level statistics of the binary (PGP/GPG) files to the theoretically optimal values if the data are perfectly random.</p> <p>_______________________________________________<br /> AVAILABLE FILE FORMATS</p> <p>The datasets are available in the following formats (included):</p> <p>*.wav : source sound files (4bit/mono/8kHz/32kbps)<br /> *.bin : binary files ready for use (PGP/GPG output)</p> <p> </p>
Synthetic J-H-K-W1-W2-W3-G-B-V photometry for random population of binary & single stars
<p>Table of synthetic photometry for ~800k stars, randomly distributed in the following ranges:</p> <ul> <li>mass_A = (0.2, 2.0)</li> <li>log10(age) = (8.0, 9.9)</li> <li>feh = N(0, 0.2)</li> <li>distance = (50, 2000) [pc]</li> <li>A_V = (0, 1)</li> <li>q (mass ratio) = (0.2, 1); mass_B = q * mass_A</li> </ul> <p>The table has columns for all the synthetic photometry as well as columns for the true properties and a boolean column for "is_binary"; the synthetic photometry is only a sum of the two stars if is_binary is True; otherwise the photometry is just for the primary star. Synthetic photometry is done using the MIST model grids, implemented by isochrones (github.com/timothydmorton/isochrones)</p> <p>The purpose of this table is to act a synthetic training set for single/binary classification algorithms.</p>
Non-random network connectivity comes in pairs: Code & generated data to reproduce results and figures of the article
<p>Complete research code and generated data for the article to reproduce the figures and computations referenced.</p> <p>Please visit https://non-random-connectivity-comes-in-pairs.github.io/ for documentation of the code.</p>
Wikidata selection of Cultural Heritage, Stars, Galaxies and Random entities and claims
<p>This work presents an analysis of the use of different representation methods in Wikidata to encode information with weaker logical status (e.g. contradictory information, temporally evolving information). The study examines three main approaches: ranked statements, null-valued objects, and qualified statements with properties P5102 (reason of statement), P1480 (sourcing circumstances) and P2241 (reason for deprecated rank) by analysing their prevalence, success, and clarity in Wikidata. The analysis is performed over cultural heritage artefacts stored in Wikidata divided in three subsets (i.e. visual heritage, textual heritage and audio-visual heritage) and compared with astronomical data (stars and galaxies entities from Wikidata) and a Random dataset (entities chosen randomly from the most used 100 classes). The findings indicate that (1) the representation of weaker logical status information is limited, with only a small proportion of items reporting such information, (2) the representation of WLS varies significantly between the two datasets. Finally, we propose several representation alternatives to simplify and standardize the representation of this type of information in Wikidata, with the hope of increasing its accuracy and richness</p>
CONSORT flow diagram for The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial
<p><strong>The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by </strong>a <strong>clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial</strong>.</p>
Kinoson data for FCC random and high entropy alloys
<p>This database contains the single KMC-step datasets for the "Ordered" and "Random" rate lattice gas systems, as well the "Complex" high-entropy alloy to accompany our main publication along with our code repository mentioned therein. The datasets are given as HDF5 files, readable with the `h5py` module in python 3. These files are listed below:</p><p>* CrystalData: `CrystData.h5` and `CrystData_ortho_5_cube.h5` contain all the necessary FCC crystal structure data for primitive 8x8x8 and orthogonal 5x5x5 FCC supercells.</p><p>* Lattice_gas/2-component/Ordered_rate: `singleStep_FCC_SR2_c0_X_Run2.h5` are the datasets for the 2-component "Ordered" rate lattice gas systems</p><p>* Lattice_gas/2-component/Random_rate: `singleStepFCC_CR2_c0_X_Run_3.h5` are the datasets for the 2-component "Random" rate lattice gas systems, with X = 60, 70, 75, 80, 85 for the slow species concentration. In these datasets, the slow and fast species have integer labels of 0 and 1, and the vacancy has an integer label of 2.</p><p>* Lattice_gas/5-component/Ordered_rate: `singleStep_FCC_5comp_LG_EquiComp_T.h5` are the datasets for the 5-component "Ordered" rate lattice gases</p><p>* Lattice_gas/5-component/Random_rate: `singleStep_HEA_dist_EquiComp_T.h5` are the datasets for the 5-component "Random" rate lattice gases, with T = 1073, 1173, 1273, 1373 for the simulated temperatures. In these datasets, the four slow species have integer labels 0, 1, 2 and 3, while the fast species has an integer label of 4, and the vacancy has an integer label of 5.</p><p>* HEA_MEAM: `singleStep_HEA_MEAM_T_ftol_1e-3.h5` (T = 773, 1073, 1173, 1273, 1373) contain the single KMC step samples for the complex high-entropy alloy simulated with the MEAM potential. In these datasets, the vacancy has an integer label of 0, while Co, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn have integer labels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.</p><p>Along with the datasets, in each directory, the optimal neural network models for each system have also been provided as PyTorch "state dictionaries", along with the optimal neural network-predicted relaxation vectors. To illustrate the use of these datasets, neural networks and their relaxation vectors, python 3 Jupyter notebooks have also been provided to show the calculation of the transport coefficients using the Scaled Bias Basis (SBB) Method for all systems, as well as the NN+SRBC method for the "Complex" high-entropy alloy. In each directory, these notebooks have been numbered in their file names so as to make it easier to navigate through them. Along with such examples and the datasets, source codes for our neural network models and cluster expansion models are available in the code repository mentioned in our main text. Modules in this repository are also required to run these example notebooks.</p><p> </p>
SDSS DR72 Large Scale Structure random catalog
<p>This is a catalog of random points in the footprint of the Sloan Digitial Sky Survey (specifically the NYU-VAGC) used for defining the angular mask of the survey. This dataset was originally created/hosted by Michael Blanton at NYU as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.</p>
HypnoChild: A prospective randomized trial to reduce perioperative anxiety and postoperative discomfort in children using a hypnosis intervention before tonsillotomy and adenoidectomy
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Children undergoing tonsillotomy (TT) or adenoidectomy (AT) often suffer from anxiety before and pain or nausea after the procedure. Greater preoperative anxiety in children and their parents is associated with increased postoperative discomfort. The aim of the HypnoChild study is to reduce perioperative anxiety with a preoperative hypnosis intervention and thereby alleviate postoperative discomfort.</p><p><strong>Material/Methods</strong>: In a previous pilot study, we developed a narcosis comic with a little monkey as the protagonist to reduce children's preoperative anxiety. In HypnoChild, we investigated whether a hypnosis audio intervention further reduces children's perioperative anxiety. Here, the little monkey describes the surgery as an adventurous space journey. We included children 3-6 years old receiving TT or AT. 34 children prepared for surgery with the hypnosis audio intervention in addition to the comic (comic+hypnosis group), while 30 children received the comic only (comic group). All children received premedication by midazolam. We measured children's subjective well-being before and after surgery, parents' anxiety before surgery, children's anxiety during surgery, and children's postoperative pain and nausea.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Children showed high well-being before and after surgery in both groups. Parents' anxiety was on a moderate level in both groups. Children's anxiety was low to moderate in both groups during surgery. In the postoperative telephone interviews, children reported medium pain ratings in both groups with no significant differences in any postoperative outcome between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our study shows that all children participating in our study reported high well-being and low anxiety undergoing TT or AT. We conclude that apparently children already received adequate preoperative treatment by routine care. In future studies, it should be assessed if the combination of non-medical interventions like comic and hypnosis shows an additive effect in non-medicated children.</p><p>This research was funded by a DFG grant to Dr. Barbara Schmidt, SCHM 3129/5-1</p>
Male-female disparity in clinical features and significance of mild vertebral fractures in community-dwelling residents aged 50 and over: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.