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1,346 results for “rare species”
Figure 1 in Where the rare species hide: a new record of Parachironomus monochromus (van der Wulp, 1874) for Slovakia from artificial urban waterbodies
Figure 1. View of the urban pond (left) and city fountain (right) in Banská Bystrica, where Parachironomus monochromus exuviae were collected. Photo: S Bartóková and L Hamerlík.
Figure 2 in Where the rare species hide: a new record of Parachironomus monochromus (van der Wulp, 1874) for Slovakia from artificial urban waterbodies
Figure 2. Number of Parachironomus monochromus exuviae recorded in the urban pond during the study period. Dates on x-axis refer to sampling dates. Dates after 17. 9. 2021 are not shown due to the absence of the species in the samples.
Fig. 3 in On two rare Italian Palliduphantes, including the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Fig. 3 – Palliduphantes istrianus (Kulczyński). a, male, dorsal view; b, idem, frontal view; c, female, dorsal view; d, idem, ventral view; e, male palp, retrolateral view; f, idem, ventral view; g, idem, prolateral view; h, idem, dorsal view; i, epigyne, ventral view; j, idem, dorsal view; k, idem, lateral view. Scale bars: a, c–d: 0.5 mm; e–h: 0.1 mm; b, i–k: 0.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in On two rare Italian Palliduphantes, including the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Fig. 1 – Palliduphantes petruzzielloi sp. n. a, holotype male, habitus in dorsal view; b, female paratype, habitus in dorsal view; c, holotype male, prosoma in frontal view; d, holotype male, palp, retrolateral view; e, idem, ventral view; f, idem, prolateral view; g, idem, dorsal view; h, female paratype, epigyne, ventral view; i, idem, dorsal view; j, idem, lateral view. Scale bars: a= 0.5 mm; b =1 mm; c= 0.2 mm; d–j =0.2 mm.
Data from: Diversity among rare and common congeneric plant species from the Garry oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystems in British Columbia: implications for conservation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A harvest was conducted to determine productivity of rare species not found in at least 4 quadrats per site in a separate small quadrat aboveground biomass harvest, Arctic LTER 1997.
A harvest was conducted to determine productivity of rare species not found in at least 4 quadrats per site in a separate small quadrat aboveground biomass harvest (see 97lg3sbm.txt). Harvests occurred in a tussock, watertrack, and snowbed community at 3 sites - acidic tundra near Toolik (site of acidic LTER plots), nonacidic tundra near Toolik Lake(site of non-acidic LTER plots), and acidic tundra near Sagwon. Moss and lichen data are presented by species elsewhere (see 97lgmosslichen).
Data from: Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations
Distribution of genetic variation over time and space is relevant to demographic histories, and tightly linked to ecological disturbances as well as evolutionary potential of an organism. Therefore, understanding the pattern of genetic diversity is a primary step in conservation and management projects for rare and threatened plant species. We used 8 microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity, spatial structure and demographic history of Plagiorhegma dubium, a rare myrmecochorous herb, populations sampled across northeast Asia and Siberia. We found low within-population genetic variation associated with historical bottlenecks. Although pairwise FST values were not much higher than the ones found in similar life form species, STRUCTURE and PCoA revealed a clear broad-scale spatial pattern of genetic structure. Bayesian clustering (best K=6) and PCoA identified three populations that are distinctive from neighboring populations in the Korean peninsula, which suggests potential units for conservation and management plans in Korea. MIGRATE-N and BAYESASS showed that both contemporary (0.003-0.045) and historical migration rates (2e-5-4.6e-4) were low. Our findings provide a good example, where genetic considerations should be integrated for conservation and management plans of rare and threatened species.
Species delimitation with limited sampling: an example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
<p>The outcome of species delimitation depends on many factors, including conceptual framework, study design, data availability, methodology employed, and subjective decision-making. Obtaining sufficient taxon sampling in endangered or rare taxa might be difficult, particularly when non-lethal tissue collection cannot be utilized. The need to avoid overexploitation of the natural populations may thus limit the methodological framework available for downstream data analyses and bias the results. We test species boundaries in rare North American trapdoor spider genus <em>Cyclocosmia</em> Ausserer (1871) inhabiting the Southern Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot with the use genomic data and two multispecies coalescent model methods. We evaluate the performance of each methodology within a limited sampling framework. To mitigate the risk of species over-splitting, common in taxa with highly structured populations, we subsequently implement a species validation step via genealogical diversification index (gdi), which accounts for both genetic isolation and gene flow. We delimited eight geographically restricted lineages within North American <em>Cyclocosmia</em>, suggesting that major river drainages in the region are likely barriers to dispersal. Our results suggest that utilizing BPP in the species discovery step might be a good option for datasets comprising hundreds of loci, but fewer individuals, which may be a common scenario for rare taxa. However, we also show that such results should be validated via gdi, in order to avoid over-splitting.</p>
Niche and neutral-based processes differ in importance for common and rare species in a metacommunity of anurans in subtropical grasslands
<p>Most species-rich communities consist of a limited number of common species and many rare species. This widespread ecological pattern can arise due to the predominance of either niche-based or neutral-based processes in community structuring. We tested two hypotheses related to this pattern for an anuran metacommunity composed of 35 species distributed in 187 ponds in the South Brazilian grasslands: (1) for common species, niche processes should prevail over neutral ones because common species evolved under a wider range of ecological filters than rare species; (2) for rare species, neutral processes should prevail because rare species are more prone to ecological drift and dispersion limitation. We found that the densities of both common (i.e., the 25% higher density ones) and rare (i.e., the 75% lower density ones) species depended mostly on pond structure and land use, indicating a similar response to niche-based processes in both groups of species. The importance of pond descriptors and type of land use, however, differed between the two groups, confirming that common and rare species represent ecologically distinct groups within the metacommunity. In addition, neutral processes—related to dispersion limitation or not—influenced both species groups, but the spatial filters selected explained a smaller portion of the variation in species densities compared to environmental descriptors. Our findings showcase the prevalence of niche processes in structuring communities of common and rare species of anurans in subtropical grasslands and indicate the variables of pond structure and land use that are relevant to guide conservation practices for the metacommunity of anurans in the South Brazilian grasslands. </p>
Fig. 4 in Small jewels: two new species of the rare genus Masona van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae), with a catalogue of world species and comments on the peculiar morphology of the genus
Fig. 4. Distribution of Masona van Achterberg, 1995, in Queensland, Australia.
Fig. 3 in Small jewels: two new species of the rare genus Masona van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae), with a catalogue of world species and comments on the peculiar morphology of the genus
Fig. 3. Distribution of Masona van Achterberg, 1995, in the southeastern USA.
Fig. 9 in Small jewels: two new species of the rare genus Masona van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae), with a catalogue of world species and comments on the peculiar morphology of the genus
Fig. 9. Distribution of Masona popeye Quicke & Chaul, 2019, in South America.
Data from: The Matthew effect: common species become more common and rare ones become more rare in response to artificial light at night
<p class="MsoNormal">Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been and still is rapidly spreading, and has become an important component of global change. Although numerous studies have tested its potential biological and ecological impacts on animals, <span>very few studies have tested whether it affects alien and native plants differently. Furthermore, common plant species, and particularly common alien species, </span>are often found to benefit more from additional resources than rare native and rare alien species. Whether this is also the case with regard to increasing light due to ALAN is still unknown.<span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Here, we tested how ALAN affected the performance of common and rare alien and native plant species in Germany directly, and indirectly via flying insects. We grew five common alien, six rare alien, five common native and four rare native plant species under four combinations of two ALAN (no ALAN <em>vs</em> ALAN) and two insect-exclusion (no exclusion <em>vs</em> exclusion) treatments, and compared their biomass production.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We found that common plant species, irrespective of their origin, produced significantly more biomass than rare species, and that this was particularly true under ALAN. Furthermore, alien species tended to show a slightly stronger positive response to ALAN than native species did (<em>p</em> = 0.079).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Our study shows that common plant species benefited more from ALAN than rare ones. This might lead to competitive exclusion of rare species, which could have cascading impacts on other trophic levels and thus have important community-wide consequences, when ALAN becomes more widespread. In addition, the slightly more positive response of alien species indicates that ALAN might increase the risk of alien plant invasions.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Terrestrial Molluscs In The Dry Grasslands Of The Dnipro Upland (Central Ukraine): New Records, Rare Species And Conservation Potential
Fig. 2. Shells of Granaria frumentum from the vicinities of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi town.
Rare species biodiversity, socio-demographics and local and landscape characteristics in Northern California community urban gardens
<p>Cities are sometimes characterized as homogenous with species assemblages composed of abundant, generalist species having similar ecological functions. Under this assumption, rare species, or species observed infrequently, would have especially high conservation value in cities for their potential to increase functional diversity. Management to increase the number of rare species in cities could be an important conservation strategy in a rapidly urbanizing world. However, most studies of species rarity define rarity in relatively pristine environments where human management and disturbance is minimized. We know little about what species are rare, how many species are rare, and what management practices promote rare species in urban environments. Here, we identified which plants and species of birds and bees that control pests and pollinate crops are rare in urban gardens and assessed how social, biophysical factors, and cross-taxonomic comparisons influence rare species richness. We found overwhelming numbers of rare species, with over 50% of plant cultivars observed classified as rare. Our results highlight the importance of women, older individuals, and gardeners who live closer to garden sites in increasing the number of rare plants within urban areas. Fewer rare plants were found in older gardens and gardens with more bare soil. There were more rare bird species in larger gardens and more rare bee species where canopy cover was higher. We also found that in some cases, rarity begets rarity, with positive correlations found between the number of rare plants and bee species and between bee and bird species. Overall, our results suggest that urban gardens include a high number of species existing at low frequency and that social and biophysical factors promoting rare, planned biodiversity can cascade down to promote rare, associated biodiversity.</p>
Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry) with implications for rare species conservation
<p>Understanding the contribution of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes to population differences is often necessary for better-informed management and conservation of rare species. In this study, we focused on <em>Pinus torreyana</em> Parry (Torrey pine), one of the world's rarest pines, endemic to one island and one mainland population in California. Small population size, low genetic diversity, and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses suggest Torrey pine may benefit from inter-population genetic rescue to preserve the species' evolutionary potential. We leveraged reduced representation sequencing to tease apart the respective contributions of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary processes to population differentiation. We applied these data to model spatial and temporal demographic changes in effective population sizes and genetic connectivity, to assess loci possibly under selection, and to evaluate genetic rescue as a potential conservation strategy. Overall, we observed exceedingly low standing variation reflecting consistently low effective population sizes across time and limited genetic differentiation suggesting maintenance of gene flow following divergence. However, genome scans identified more than 2000 candidate SNPs for divergent selection. Combined with previous observations indicating population phenotypic differentiation, this indicates natural selection has likely contributed to the evolution of population genetic differences. Thus, while reduced genetic diversity, small effective population size, and genetic connectivity between populations suggest genetic rescue could mitigate the adverse effects of rarity, divergent selection suggests genetic mixing could disrupt adaptation. Further work evaluating the fitness consequences of inter-population admixture is necessary to empirically evaluate the trade-offs associated with genetic rescue in Torrey pine.</p>
Figs. 1–5 in New and rare for the fauna of Kunashir Island species of Noctuoidea, Drepanoidea и Geometroidea (Lepidoptera)
Figs. 1–5. Imago of Lepidoptera from the Kunashir Island (coll. S. Rybalkin): 1 ‒ Pa-
Рис. 2. Живые Meghimatium bilineatum иЗ бассейна Среднего Амура. Фото В.П. Макаренко. in First record of the rare slug species Meghimatium bilineatum (Benson, 1842) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Philomycidae) in the Jewish Autonomous Region (Middle Amur basin)
Рис. 2. Живые Meghimatium bilineatum иЗ бассейна Среднего Амура. Фото В.П. Макаренко.
Fig. 11 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama
Fig. 11. Species richness across habitats, as average species per transect (#species/transect).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.