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1,610 results for “ratio”
Data from: Canine sense of quantity: evidence for numerical ratio-dependent activation in parietotemporal cortex
<p></p><p>The approximate number system (ANS), which supports the rapid estimation of quantity, emerges early in human development and is widespread across species. Neural evidence from both human and non-human primates suggests the parietal cortex as a primary locus of numerical estimation, but it is unclear whether the numerical competencies observed across non-primate species are subserved by similar neural mechanisms. Moreover, because studies with non-human animals typically involve extensive training, little is known about the spontaneous numerical capacities of non-human animals. To address these questions, we examined the neural underpinnings of number perception using awake canine functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs passively viewed dot arrays that varied in ratio and, critically, received no task-relevant training or exposure prior to testing. We found evidence of ratio-dependent activation, which is a key feature of the ANS, in canine parietotemporal cortex in the majority of dogs tested. This finding is suggestive of a neural mechanism for quantity perception that has been conserved across mammalian evolution.</p><p></p>
Data from: Deer indirectly alter the reproductive strategy and operational sex ratio of an unpalatable forest perennial
Environmental conditions impose restrictions and costs on reproduction. Multiple reproductive options exist when increased reproductive costs drive plant populations toward alternative reproductive strategies. Using four years of demographic data across a deer impact gradient, where deer alter the abiotic environment, we parameterize a size-dependent integral projection model for a sexually labile and unpalatable forest perennial to investigate the demographic processes driving differentiation in the operational sex ratio (OSR) of local populations. In addition to a relative increase in asexual reproduction, our results illustrate that non-trophic indirect effects by overabundant deer on this perennial result in delayed female sex expression to unsustainably large plant sizes and leads to more pronounced plant shrinkage following female sex expression, effectively increasing the cost of reproduction. Among plants of reproductive age, increased deer impact decreases the size-dependent probability of flowering and reduces reproductive consistency over time. This pattern in sex expression skews populations toward female-biased OSRs at low deer impact sites and male-biased OSRs at intermediate and high deer impact sites. While this shift toward a male-biased OSR may ameliorate pollen limitation, it also decreases the effective population size when coupled with increased asexual reproduction. The divergence of reproductive strategies and reduced lifetime fitness in response to indirect deer impacts illustrate the persistent long-term effects of overabundant herbivores on unpalatable understory perennials.
Does operational sex ratio influence relative strength of purging selection in males vs. females?
<p>According to theory, sexual selection in males may efficiently purge mutation load of sexual populations, reducing or fully compensating "the cost of males". For this to occur, mutations not only need to be deleterious to both sexes, they also must affect males more than females. A frequently overlooked problem is that relative strength of selection on males vs. females may vary between environments, with social conditions being particularly likely to affect selection in males and females differently. Here we induced mutations in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and tested their effect in both sexes under three different operational sex ratios (1:2, 1:1, 2:1). Induced mutations decreased fitness of both males and females, but their effect was not stronger in males. Surprisingly, operational sex ratio did not affect selection against deleterious mutations nor its relative strength in the sexes. Thus, our results show no support for the role of sexual selection in the evolutionary maintenance of sex.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Digit ratio and length asymmetry in calves' limbs
<p>This study considered possible sexual dimorphism in the relative lengths of the second, third and fourth digits (digit ratio), in calves. Furthermore, a different length of the bone structures of the third (3D) and of the fourth (4D) digits has been examined as an evolutionary adaptation to locomotion on soft ground. The length of the digital bones of the right fore-limb of 33 females and 15 male calves was measured in vivo using a portable X-ray machine. The vestigial structure of the second digit (2D), and 3D and 4D, from metacarpus to the third phalanx were considered in a mixed model, as well as some ratios between 2D and different parts of 3D or 4D (2D:3D and 2D:4D). A covariate for the mean finger length was considered for digit ratios to control for possible biases due to shape allometry. Shorter first phalanx and trotter were found in 3D than in 4D, and the reverse for the third phalanx. The 2D was significantly shorter in females, as well as the second phalanges of 3D and 4D. Significant sex differences in 2D:3D and 2D:4D were found for some digit parts of 3D and 4D and for the first phalanges of 3D:4D. These ratios were always shorter in females, in contrast to that found in most mammals. The asymmetry between 3D and 4D could mean a functional adaptation for locomotion. Sex differences in 2D:4D and 3D:4D were found, but with a reverse pattern than in most mammal species (males > females rather than males < females). In this regard digit ratio in calves was similar to that of Old World monkeys. This study is the first investigation of digit ratio in Ungulates, whose limbs differ from the limbs of most Mammals, maintaining five digits. The reverse pattern of sex differences (digit ratios: males > females) could be due to the peculiar nature of the vestigial dewclaw of 2D and to the hormone patterns acting on this digit during development, but further research is required around this topic.</p>
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Multidimensional protein chromatography coupled to stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry
<p>Carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) for protein fractions extracted from a mixture of cultured cells of <em>Allochromatium vinosum </em>DSM 180 and <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC6803, as well as from extracts of each pure culture.</p> <p>Citation: Mohr W, Tang T, Sattin SR, Bovee RJ, Pearson A. (2014) Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Multidimensional protein chromatography coupled to stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 86, 8514-8520.</p> <p>Contact: Ann Pearson (pearson@eps.harvard.edu)</p>
Early Onset TAAD cohort logR Ratio and B allele frequency data
<p>Recurrent Rare Genomic Copy Number Variants and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Are Enriched in Early Onset Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections (TAAD) are a major cause of death in the United States. The spectrum of TAAD ranges from genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, to sporadic isolated disease of unknown cause. We hypothesized that genomic copy number variants (CNVs) contribute causally to early onset TAAD (ETAAD). We conducted a genome-wide SNP array analysis of ETAAD patients of European descent who were enrolled in the National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC). Genotyping was performed on the Illumina Omni-Express platform, using PennCNV, Nexus and CNVPartition for CNV detection. ETAAD patients (n = 108, 100% European American, 28% female, average age 20 years, 55% with bicuspid aortic valves) were compared to 7013 dbGAP controls without a history of vascular disease using downsampled Omni 2.5 data. For comparison, 805 sporadic TAAD patients with late onset aortic disease (STAAD cohort) and 192 affected probands from families with at least two affected relatives (FTAAD cohort) from our institution were screened for additional CNVs at these loci with SNP arrays. We identified 47 recurrent CNV regions in the ETAAD, FTAAD and STAAD groups that were absent or extremely rare in controls. Nine rare CNVs that were either very large (>1 Mb) or shared by ETAAD and STAAD or FTAAD patients were also identified. Four rare CNVs involved genes that cause arterial aneurysms when mutated. The largest and most prevalent of the recurrent CNVs were at Xq28 (two duplications and two deletions) and 17q25.1 (three duplications). The percentage of individuals harboring rare CNVs was significantly greater in the ETAAD cohort (32%) than in the FTAAD (23%) or STAAD (17%) cohorts. We identified multiple loci affected by rare CNVs in one-third of ETAAD patients, confirming the genetic heterogeneity of TAAD. Alterations of candidate genes at these loci may contribute to the pathogenesis of TAAD.</p> <p> </p>
Scheduling success ratios and computational cost of the mechanism
<p>The .xls spreadsheet contains scheduling success ratios and computational cost of the mechanism related to the publication "Seeking Time-Composable Partitions of Tasks for COTS Multicore Processors".</p>
Scaling of the electron temperature on the expansion ratio with plasma heating by Neutral Beams only (diamonds) and with both Neutral Beams and ECRH (square)
<p>Scaling of the electron temperature on the expansion ratio with plasma heating by Neutral Beams only (diamonds) and with both Neutral Beams and ECRH (square)</p>
The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. IV. Elf Owl: Atmospheric Mixing and Chemical Disequilibrium with Varying Metallicity and C/O Ratios (Y- type Models)
<ul> <li><strong>Overview of V2: "The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. V: A Correction to the Disequilibrium Abundance of CO2 for Sonora Elf Owl"</strong></li> </ul> <p> Version 2 of the Sonora Elf Owl Models updates the CO2 and PH3 abundances and spectra. As described in the Wogan et al. (2024) research note (URL OF NOTE GOES HERE), Version 1 of the models did not apply the CO2 quench approximation properly resulting in predicted CO2 abundances that were too small by several orders of magintude in some cases. Version 2 fixes this mistake, updating CO2 abundances and the emission spectra to reflect the new CO2 abundances. Version 2 also removes all spectra contributions of PH3 because Version 1 consistently contained too much PH3 absorption when compared to JWST data (Veiler et al. 2024, <a href="http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6759" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6759</a>).</p> <ul> <li><strong>Overview of V1</strong></li> </ul> <p> The Sonora Elf Owl Models is a successor to the <a href="../records/5063476#:~:text=This%20particular%20set%20of%20model,g%20are%200.25%20or%200.5.">Sonora Bobcat</a> and <a href="../records/4450269">Sonora Cholla</a> models. The Sonora Elf Owl model grid includes cloud-free radiative-convective equilibrium model atmospheres with vertical mixing induced disequilibrium chemistry with sub-solar to super-solar atmospheric metallicities and Carbon-to-Oxygen ratio. The atmospheric models have been computed using the open-source radiative-convective equilibrium model <a href="https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/">PICASO</a>. The parameters included within this grid are effective temperature (<strong><em>Teff</em></strong>), gravity (<strong><em>log(g)</em></strong>), vertical eddy diffusion coefficient (<strong><em>log(Kzz)</em></strong>), atmospheric metallicity (<strong><em>[M/H]</em></strong>), and Carbon-to-Oxygen ratio (<strong><em>C/O</em></strong>).</p> <p>The ranges and increments of these parameters are described in the published paper.<br><br></p> <ul> <li><strong>Three grids available on three links</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong> The model grid has been presented using three Zenodo repositories. This repository has all the models between Teff of 275 to 550 K (applicable to Y-type objects). The models for Teff between 575 to 1200 K (applicable for T- type objects) are available in the Zenodo DOI :- <a href="../records/10385821">https://zenodo.org/records/10385821</a>. The models for Teff between 1300 to 2400 K (applicable for L- type objects) are available in the Zenodo DOI :- <a href="../records/10385987">https://zenodo.org/records/10385987</a>.</strong></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong> File types and how to use them</strong></li> </ul> <p> The models have been presented in the Xarray format so that all the atmospheric properties including the T(P) profile, atmospheric chemistry, and thermal emission spectra can be accessed within the same files. A python based Jupyter notebook named "Reading and plotting Elf Owl Models.ipynb" has been also supplied which demonstrates how to open and use these files.</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Spectra</strong></li> </ul> <p> The emission spectra for each atmospheric model has been computed between 0.6 to 15 microns. The reported flux is in the units of erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup>/cm. Note that these fluxes need to be multiplied with R<sup>2</sup>/D<sup>2</sup> before comparing them with the typically observed flux of brown dwarfs/exoplanets. R is the radius of the object, and D is the distance here.</p> <div> </div> <div> <ul> <li><strong>Note on CH4</strong></li> </ul> </div> <p> As stated in <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...942...71M/abstract">Mukherjee et al. 2023 </a>our CH4 opacity is derived using the <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ab7a1a">Hargreaves et al. 2020</a> HITEMP line list and computed using the HAPI code (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022407315302466">Kochanov et al. 2016</a>). HAPI automatically pre-weights the isotopologues according to earth abundances that are listed on the HITRAN website (<a href="https://hitran.org/lbl/2?6=on" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">see here for CH4</a>). Therefore, users should note that there will be minor features of CH3D included in the models. Given the general absence of deuterated molecules in brown dwarfs (Teff>~300) we will include a second posting of models which includes the Elf Owl grid with <strong>only</strong> the major CH4 isotopologue (12C-H4).</p> <div> <ul> <li><strong>Note on PH3</strong></li> </ul> </div> <p> PH3 abundance is treated separately from the general disequilibrium scheme. This is because of the current non-detection of PH3 in many brown dwarf atmospheres (see citations in paper). The current PH3 treatment uses the chemical equilibrium treatment described in Visscher et al. However, after publishing this grid and using the model for analysis of high precision JWST data, we noticed that even the simple chemical equilibrium treatment which reduces the abundance, introduces a noticeable PH3 feature. Therefore in our v2 of this model grid we will further diminish the abundance.</p>
Data from: Climate warming and sea turtle sex ratios across the globe
<p><span>Climate warming and the feminisation of populations due to temperature-dependent sex determination may threaten sea turtles with extinction. To identify sites of heightened risk, we examined sex ratio data and patterns of climate change over multiple decades for 64 nesting sites spread across the globe. Over the last 62 years the mean change in air temperature was 0.85 °C per century (SD = 0.65 °C, range = -0.53 to +2.5 °C, n = 64 nesting sites). Temperatures increased at 40 of the 64 study sites. Female-skewed hatchling or juvenile sex ratios occurred at 57 of the 64 sites, with skews > 90% female at 17 sites. We did not uncover a relationship between the extent of warming and sex ratio (r62 = -0.03, p = 0.802, n = 64 nesting sites). Hence, our results suggest that female-hatchling sex ratio skews are not simply a consequence of recent warming but have likely persisted at some sites for many decades. So other factors aside from recent warming must drive these variations in sex ratios across nesting sites, such as variations in nesting behaviour (e.g., nest depth), substrate (e.g., sand albedo), shading available and rainfall patterns. While overall across sites recent warming is not linked to hatchling sex ratio, at some sites there is both is a high female skew and high warming, such as Raine Island (Australia; 99% female green turtles; 1.27 °C warming per century), nesting beaches in Cyprus (97.1% female green turtles; 1.68 °C warming per century), and in the Dutch Caribbean (St Eustatius; 91.5% female leatherback turtles; 1.15 °C warming per century). These may be among the first sites where management intervention is needed to increase male production. Continued monitoring of sand temperatures and sex ratios are recommended to help identify when high incubation temperatures threaten population viability.</span></p>
Italian Nuts2 Sex Ratio - Workshop Biodemography - Example
<p>This is a sample dataset for the Biodemography Workshop. Within this dataset, input files related to demographic statistics will be considered, specifically population by gender and by Nuts2 in Italy, as well as shapefiles for map creation. The variables to be analyzed include the ratio between male and female, and vice versa. The final output consists of two maps. The data source is Istat, which provides these with a CC BY license:</p><p>1-<a href="https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=POS&l=it">https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=POS&l=it</a></p><p>2-<a href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/222527">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/222527</a></p><p>To conduct the analysis, the open-source software R-Studio was used. The data management methodology will also be outlined in a Data Management Plan, written using Overleaf, in which we will provide more detailed information.</p>
Data for mycorrhizal C/N ratio determines plant-derived carbon and nitrogen allocation to symbiosis
<p><span><span>Nutrient cycling in temperate forests is driven by carbon allocation of trees to soil via ectomycorrhizas (EM). The sink activities of different fungal taxa for host resources are unknown. Aboveground dual </span><span>labeling of young beech<span> with <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>13</sup>C was used to trace resource transport to ectomycorrhizal root tips. Isotope enrichment in EM correlated with that in the corresponding EM-attached lateral root, supporting that EM drive taxon-specific N- and C-fluxes. The enrichments with <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N in EM increased with decreasing C/N ratio of the symbiotic association. Abundances of EM species were positively correlated with <sup>13</sup>C enrichment, demonstrating higher fitness of stronger than of less C-demanding symbioses. Overall, our results imply that differences among the resource traits of EM species regulate the supply of the symbioses with host-derived C and N.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span>Here we provide the data sets containing information on the identities of fungal species colonizing roots tips of European beech and for N, C, 15N and 13C contents in bark, coarse roots, fine roots, very fine lateral roots, ectomycorrhizal species and rhizosphere soil and for biomass of the different compartments. The data were collected 5 and 20 days after labelling.</span></span></span></p>
CO and CO2 mixing ratios and flux measurements from the Amazon tropical rainforest
<p>CO and CO2 mixing ratio and flux measurements from the Amazon tropical rainforest</p><p>This dataset belongs to the manuscript 'The emission of CO from tropical rain forest soils', submitted to the journal Biogeosciences in December 2023.</p><p>More details on this dataset can be found in this manuscript:</p><p>https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2746/egusphere-2023-2746.pdf</p><p> For questions, please reach out to Hella van Asperen: hasperen@bgc.mpg-jena.de</p><p>########################################</p><p>Plateau tower CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements</p><p>Plateau tower CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements took place in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021) at the K34 tower at field site ZF2 in the Amazon rain forest (-2.60898, -60.209106). Due to a problem in the beginning of the dry season campaign, the measurements at the tower were continued until outside the campaign period, until 18 October 2020. Measurements were performed by a Spectronus FTIR analyzer. Concentrations were measured at 3 heights (5,15 and 36m) every half hour. Canopy height is ~28m.</p><p>########################################</p><p>Valley CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements</p><p>Valley CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements took place in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021) at a valley close to the K34 tower at field site ZF2 (-2.600026, -60.217079). Since no electricity was available, automatic battery-driven bag sampling was performed during the night at 3h time intervals, with 4 measurements per night from a 1m height inlet (~18:00, ~21:00, ~0:00, ~3:00). Bag samples were measured the following morning by a Spectronus FTIR-analyzer. </p><p>########################################</p><p>Plateau and valley chamber CO and CO2 fluxes</p><p>Flux chamber measurements were performed over soil and litter together on the plateau and in the valley at field site ZF2, in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021). Five soil collars were installed in the valley, and five on the plateau. Each collar was measured 3 times during each campaign week (on different days). Measurements from the same collar are indicated as (for example) V1A, V1B, V1C. After each flux chamber measurement, soil moisture and soil temperature was measured.</p>
Sample preservation methods for nitrous oxide concentration and isotope ratio measurements in aquatic environments
<p>This is the raw data for the method paper submitted in Limnology and Oceanography: Methods titled "Sample preservation methods for nitrous oxide concentration and isotope ratio measurements in aquatic environments".</p>
Data from: The effect of operational sex ratio and density on the strength of sexual selection against mutant males in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Higher male:female operational sex ratio (OSR) is often assumed to lead to stronger sexual selection on males. Yet, this premise has been directly tested by very few studies, with mixed outcomes. We investigated how OSR affects the strength of sexual selection against two deleterious alleles, a natural <em>ebony</em> mutant and a transgenic <em>GFP</em> insertion, in <em>Drosophila melanogaster. </em>To this end, we estimated the relative paternity share of homozygous mutant males competing against wildtype males under different OSRs (1:2, 1:1, 2:1). We also manipulated the mating pool density (18, 36 or 54 individuals), and assessed paternity over three consecutive days, during which the nature of sexual interaction changed. The strength of sexual selection against the <em>ebony</em> mutant increased with OSR, became weaker after the first day and was little affected by density. In contrast, sexual selection against the <em>GFP</em> transgene was markedly affected by density: at the highest density it increased with OSR, but at lower densities it was strongest at 1:1 OSR, remaining strong throughout the experiment. Thus, while OSR can strongly affect the strength of sexual selection against "bad genes", it does not necessarily increase monotonically with male:female OSR. Furthermore, the pattern of relationship between OSR and the strength of sexual selection can be locus-specific, likely reflecting the specific phenotypic effects of the mutation.</p>
Data underlying the article 'How nutrient retention and TN:TP ratios depend on ecosystem state in thousands of Chinese lakes'.
<div> <p>Here we share the data underlaying the publication 'How nutrient retention and TN:TP ratios depend on ecosystem<br>state in thousands of Chinese lakes' <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170690" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170690</a>.</p> </div> <div>In this study, we used data for analysis, models and R-scripts.</div> <div>The dataset contains data for the historic (2012) situation, and data for an economic-focused scenario and a sustainability-focused scenario for 2050.</div> <div> </div> <div>Raw input data originates from</div> <div>1) Climate scenario variables: HydroLAKES (Messager et al., 2016)</div> <div>2) Historic climate variables: https://doi.org/10.4121/13348004</div> <div>3) Nutrient losses to land for the SSP scenarios: Wang et al. 2020</div> <div> </div> <div>Model input and output data can be found in this database</div> <div>1) Simulated climate variables: folder 1</div> <div>2) Scenario specific parameter values: folder 1</div> <div>3) PCLake+ model output: folder 3</div> <div> </div> <div>R-scripts, as well as the used model (PCLake+), can be found in this database</div> <div>1) R-script to run PCLake+: folder 2 and 6</div> <div>2) R-script to process PCLake+ output data: folder 4</div> <div>3) PCLake+ software: folder 5: GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 3, 29 June 2007</div> <div> </div> <div>Data used for analysis can be found in this database</div> <div>1) ProcessedData.cvs: folder 4</div>
Analysis of the occurrence of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the winter season on the southwestern islands of Japan using the insect's strontium radiogenic isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr)
<p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, an invasive pest insect that targets maize and other crops, first arrived in Japan in the summer of 2019. This species occurs year-round in East Asian subtropical regions such as southern mainland China and the island of Taiwan, where the mean air temperature in the coldest month is above 10°C. Adults are similarly found throughout the year on the southwestern islands of Japan. Trap monitoring there showed continuous or intermittent <em>S. frugiperda</em> catches in the 3 winter seasons since 2019. However, it was difficult to distinguish between immigrants arriving from these neighboring areas and local individuals occurring on each Japanese island. In this study, the possible natal origin of captured insects on 5 small islands (Yonagunijima, Taramajima, Okinawajima, Amamioshima, and Tanegashima) was determined by investigating the strontium radiogenic isotope ratios (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) and comparing them with those of reference hosts and insects. Since trapping data and the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of trapped insects didn't support <em>S. frugiperda</em>'s winter breeding on the northernmost island, Tanegashima, further analysis was limited to the 4 southern islands. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of reference host plants and reared insects on the 4 islands ranged from 0.70929 to 0.71009, while those of catch insects ranged from 0.70885 to 0.71090. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values of the catch insects and the reference on the 4 islands did not differ significantly. In addition, the monthly averages of daily mean air temperature in January and February 2020–2022 were above 10°C, and the wind direction at the surface was mostly from the northeast or northwest. These pieces of evidence, together with winter host availability, suggested that <em>S. frugiperda</em> occurs year-round on the islands. In other words, the year-round occurrence area of <em>S. frugiperda</em> in East Asia extends to the Japanese southwestern islands below Amamioshima Island.</p>
Data used in "Chemically specific sampling bias: the ratio of PM2.5 to surface AOD on average and peak days in the U.S."
<p>This dataset contains all relevant data used in the manuscript "Chemically specific sampling bias: the ratio of PM2.5 to surface AOD on average and peak days in the U.S." published in Environmental Science: Atmospheres.</p>
Boreal Owl Offspring Sex Ratio
<p>The dataset is associated with the paper titled “<strong>Fledgling Sex Ratio Is Determined by Egg Loss, Hatching Order, Nestling Mortality, and Inter‐Annual Food Fluctuations for Boreal Owls, </strong><em>Aegolius funereus</em>”, published in <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> (2025). The XLS file contains three sheets, each corresponding to one of the models described in the paper, along with an additional sheet providing information about the data.</p>
Enhancing understanding of the hydrological cycle via pairing of process‐oriented and isotope ratio tracers
<p>This dataset contains monthly average output files from the iCAM6 simulations used in the manuscript "Enhancing understanding of the hydrological cycle via pairing of process-oriented and isotope ratio tracers," in review at the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. A file corresponding to each of the tagged and isotopic variables used in this manuscript is included. Files are at 0.9° latitude x 1.25° longitude, and are in NetCDF format. Data from two simulations are included: 1) a simulation where the atmospheric model was "nudged" to ERA5 wind and surface pressure fields, by adding an additional tendency (see section 3.1 of associated manuscript), and 2) a simulation where the atmospheric state was allowed to freely evolve, using only boundary conditions imposed at the surface and top of atmosphere.</p> <p>Specific information about each of the variables provided is located in the "usage notes" section below.</p> <p>Associated article abstract:</p> <p>The hydrologic cycle couples the Earth's energy and carbon budgets through evaporation, moisture transport, and precipitation. Despite a wealth of observations and models, fundamental limitations remain in our capacity to deduce even the most basic properties of the hydrological cycle, including the spatial pattern of the residence time (RT) of water in the atmosphere and the mean distance traveled from evaporation sources to precipitation sinks. Meanwhile, geochemical tracers such as stable water isotope ratios provide a tool to probe hydrological processes, yet their interpretation remains equivocal despite several decades of use. As a result, there is a need for new mechanistic tools that link variations in water isotope ratios to underlying hydrological processes. Here we present a new suite of "process-oriented tags," which we use to explicitly trace hydrological processes within the isotopically enabled Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (iCAM6). Using these tags, we test the hypotheses that precipitation isotope ratios respond to parcel rainout, variations in atmospheric RT, and preserve information regarding meteorological conditions during evaporation. We present results for a historical simulation from 1980 to 2004, forced with winds from the ERA5 reanalysis. We find strong evidence that precipitation isotope ratios record information about atmospheric rainout and meteorological conditions during evaporation, but little evidence that precipitation isotope ratios vary with water vapor RT. These new tracer methods will enable more robust linkages between observations of isotope ratios in the modern hydrologic cycle or proxies of past terrestrial environments and the environmental processes underlying these observations.<br> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.