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1,637 results for “residency”
Data from: Inter-annual variation and long-term trends in proportions of resident individuals in partially migratory birds
Partial migration – a part of a population migrates and another part stays resident year-round on the breeding site – is probably the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, yet it has only lately garnered more attention. Theoretical studies indicate that in partially migratory populations, the proportion of resident individuals (PoR) should increase in high latitudes in response to the warming climate, but empirical evidence exists for few species. We provide the first comprehensive overview of the environmental factors affecting PoR and the long-term trends in PoR by studying 27 common partially migratory bird species in Finland. The annual PoR values were calculated by dividing the winter bird abundance by the preceding breeding abundance. First, we analysed whether early-winter temperature, winter temperature year before or the abundance of tree seeds just before overwintering explains the interannual variation in PoR. Secondly, we analysed the trends in PoR between 1987 and 2011. Early-winter temperature explained the interannual variation in PoR in the waterbirds (waterfowl and gulls), most likely because the temperature affects the ice conditions and thereby the feeding opportunities for the waterbirds. In terrestrial species, the abundance of seeds was the best explanatory variable. Previous winter's temperature did not explain PoR in any species, and thus, we conclude that the variation in food availability caused the interannual variation in PoR. During the study period, PoR increased in waterbirds, but did not change in terrestrial birds. Partially migratory species living in physically contrasting habitats can differ in their annual and long-term population-level behavioural responses to warming climate, possibly because warm winter temperatures reduce ice cover and improve the feeding possibilities of waterbirds but do not directly regulate the food availability for terrestrial birds.
Data from: Population genomics reveals seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) of the western mid-Atlantic coast to be residents rather than vagrants
Understanding population structure and areas of demographic persistence and transients is critical for effective species management. However, direct observational evidence to address the geographic scale and delineation of ephemeral or persistent populations for many marine fishes is limited. The Lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) can be commonly found in three western Atlantic zoogeographic provinces, though inhabitants of the temperate northern Virginia Province are often considered tropical vagrants that only arrive during warm seasons from the southern provinces and perish as temperatures decline. Although genetics can locate regions of historical population persistence and isolation, previous evidence of Virginia Province persistence is only provisional due to limited genetic sampling (i.e., mitochondrial DNA and five nuclear loci). To test alternative hypotheses of historical persistence versus the ephemerality of a northern Virginia Province population we used a RADseq generated dataset consisting of 11,708 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) sampled from individuals collected from the eastern Gulf of Mexico to Long Island, NY. Concordant results from genomic analyses all infer three genetically divergent subpopulations, and strongly support Virginia Province inhabitants as a genetically diverged and a historically persistent ancestral gene pool. These results suggest that individuals that emerge in coastal areas during the warm season can be considered "local" and supports offshore migration during the colder months. This research demonstrates how a large number of genes sampled across a geographical range can capture the diversity of coalescent histories (across loci) while inferring population history. Moreover, these results clearly demonstrate the utility of population genomic data to infer peripheral subpopulation persistence in difficult-to-observe species.
Data from: Estimating the impact of divergent mating phenology between residents and migrants on the potential for gene flow
Gene flow between populations can allow the spread of beneficial alleles and genetic diversity between populations, with importance to conservation, invasion biology, and agriculture. Levels of gene flow between populations vary not only with distance, but also with divergence in reproductive phenology. Since phenology is often locally adapted, arriving migrants may be reproductively out of synch with residents, which can depress realized gene flow. In flowering plants, the potential impact of phenological divergence on hybridization between populations can be predicted from overlap in flowering schedules—the daily count of flowers capable of pollen exchange—between a resident and migrant population. The accuracy of this prospective hybridization estimate, based on parental phenotypes, rests upon the assumptions of unbiased pollen transfer between resident and migrant active flowers. We tested the impact of phenological divergence on resident–migrant mating frequencies in experiments that mimicked a single large gene flow event. We first prospectively estimated mating frequencies two lines of Brassica rapaselected or early and late flowering. We then estimated realized mating frequencies retrospectively through progeny testing. The two estimates strongly agreed in a greenhouse experiment, where procedures ensured saturating, unbiased pollination. Under natural pollination in the field, the rate of resident–migrant mating, was lower than estimated by phenological divergence alone, although prospective and retrospective estimates were correlated. In both experiments, differences between residents and migrants in flowering schedule shape led to asymmetric hybridization. Results suggest that a prospective estimate of hybridization based on mating schedules can be a useful, although imperfect, tool for evaluating potential gene flow. They also illustrate the impact of mating phenology on the magnitude and symmetry of reproductive isolation.
Data from: Overwintering strategies of migratory birds: a novel approach for estimating seasonal movement patterns of residents and transients
1. Our understanding of movement patterns in wildlife populations has played an important role in current ecological knowledge, and can inform landscape conservation decisions. Direct measures of movement can be obtained using marked individuals, but this requires tracking individuals across a landscape or multiple sites. 2. We demonstrate how movements can be estimated indirectly using single-site, capture–mark–recapture (CMR) data with a multistate open robust design with state uncertainty model (MSORD-SU). We treat residence and transience as two phenotypic states of overwintering migrants, and use time- and state-dependent probabilities of site entry and persistence as indirect measures of movement. We applied the MSORD-SU to data on eight species of overwintering Neotropical birds collected in 14 countries between 2002 and 2011. In addition to entry and persistence probabilities, we estimated proportions of residents at a study site, and mean residence times. 3. We identified overwintering movement patterns and residence times that contrasted with prior categorizations of territoriality. Most species showed evidence of residents entering sites at multiple time intervals, with transients tending to enter between peak resident movement times. Persistence and the proportion of residents varied by latitude, but were not always positively correlated for a given species. 4. Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that migratory songbirds commonly move among habitats during the overwintering period. Substantial proportions of populations appear to be comprised of transient individuals, and residents tend to persist at specific sites for relatively short periods of time. This information on persistence and movement patterns should be explored for specific habitats to guide landscape management on the wintering grounds, such as determining which habitats are conserved or restored as part of certification programs of tropical agroforestry crops. We suggest that research and conservation efforts on Neotropical migrant songbirds focus on identifying landscape configurations and regional habitat networks that support these diverse overwintering strategies to secure full life cycle conservation.
Data from: Where the lake meets the sea: strong reproductive isolation is associated with adaptive divergence between lake resident and anadromous three-spined sticklebacks
Contact zones between divergent forms of the same species are often characterised by high levels of phenotypic diversity over small geographic distances. What processes are involved in generating such high phenotypic diversity? One possibility is that introgression and recombination between divergent forms in contact zones results in greater phenotypic and genetic polymorphism. Alternatively, strong reproductive isolation between forms may maintain distinct phenotypes, preventing homogenisation by gene flow. Contact zones between divergent freshwater-resident and anadromous stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) forms are numerous and common throughout the species distribution, offering an opportunity to examine these contrasting hypotheses in greater detail. This study reports on an interesting new contact zone located in a tidally influenced lake catchment in western Ireland, characterised by high polymorphism for lateral plate phenotypes. Using neutral and QTL-linked microsatellite markers, we tested whether the high diversity observed in this contact zone arose as a result of introgression or reproductive isolation between divergent forms: we found strong support for the latter hypothesis. Three phenotypic and genetic clusters were identified, consistent with two divergent resident forms and a distinct anadromous completely plated population that migrates in and out of the system. Given the strong neutral differentiation detected between all three morphotypes (mean FST = 0.12), we hypothesised that divergent selection between forms maintains reproductive isolation. We found a correlation between neutral genetic and adaptive genetic differentiation that support this. While strong associations between QTL linked markers and phenotypes were also observed in this wild population, our results support the suggestion that such associations may be more complex in some Atlantic populations compared to those in the Pacific. These findings provide an important foundation for future work investigating the dynamics of gene flow and adaptive divergence in this newly discovered stickleback contact zone.
Data from: Novel orthopoxvirus infection in an Alaska resident
Background. Human infection by orthopoxviruses is being reported with increasing frequency, attributed in part to the cessation of smallpox vaccination and concomitant waning of population-level immunity. In July 2015, a female resident of interior Alaska, presented to an urgent care clinic with a dermal lesion consistent with poxvirus infection. Laboratory testing of a virus isolated from the lesion confirmed infection by an Orthopoxvirus. Methods. The virus isolate was characterized by using electron microscopy and nucleic acid sequencing. An epidemiologic investigation that included patient interviews, contact tracing and serum testing, as well as environmental and small mammal sampling was conducted to identify the infection source and possible additional cases. Results. Neither signs of active infection nor evidence of recent prior infection were observed in any of the 4 patient contacts identified. The patient's infection source was not definitively identified. Potential routes of exposure included imported fomites from Azerbaijan by the patient's cohabiting partner, or from wild small mammals in or around the patient's residence. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the virus represents a distinct and previously undescribed genetic lineage of Orthopoxvirus, which is most closely related to the Old World orthopoxviruses. Conclusions. Investigation findings point to infection of the patient following exposure in or near Fairbanks. This conclusion raises questions about the geographic origins (Old World versus North American) of the genus Orthopoxvirus. Clinicians should remain vigilant for signs of poxvirus infection and alert public health officials when cases are suspected.
Data from: Heterogeneity in plant-soil feedbacks and resident population dynamics affect mutual invasibility
1. Understanding the mechanisms governing coexistence is a central goal in ecology and has implications for conserving and restoring communities, yet the high diversity in many plant communities is difficult to explain. Theory suggests that plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) can lead to frequency-dependent coexistence by suppressing conspecifics more than heterospecifics, potentially helping to explain high-diversity plant communities. In addition, species-specific population dynamics, including the rate at which individuals are replaced in a population, or population turnover rate, may influence coexistence outcomes. 2. We have created a rigorous test of the coexistence predictions of theory by generating a soil heterogeneity experiment in the field and testing for mutual invasibility by establishing resident populations, then experimentally invading them. Experimental tests of mutual invasibility can demonstrate coexistence because, if species are able to invade one another's populations when at low density, they should exhibit long-term coexistence. We use pairs of congeners in this experiment that coexist at small spatial scales, sometimes within cm, at our field site. 3. We demonstrate that invader individuals established better in congener's soils than in conspecific soils, consistent with plant-soil feedback mediated coexistence. This effect was often mediated by competition with established resident plants. 4. Further, we show that soil heterogeneity interacted with the population turnover rate of the resident population to influence invasibility (P < 0.10), consistent with the theoretical prediction that a plant's population dynamics will interact with heterogeneity to influence coexistence. 5. Synthesis - Plant-soil feedbacks can in theory lead to frequency-dependent coexistence, and reciprocally negative feedback effects in greenhouse experiments are often consistent with this prediction. We provide the first field test of mutual invasibility structured by PSF, demonstrating that PSF can lead to coexistence when they create a patchy, or heterogeneous, soil environment. This work suggests that understanding the influence of PSF on diversity necessitates understanding the spatial scale at which soil heterogeneity emerges in the field. Thus high diversity might be maintained in plant communities by heterogeneity created by plants' influence on the soil, and this outcome depends strongly on population dynamics.
Data from: Limited dietary overlap amongst resident Arctic herbivores in winter - complementary insights from complementary methods
Snow may prevent Arctic herbivores from accessing their forage in winter, forcing them to aggregate in the few patches with limited snow. In High Arctic Greenland, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan often forage in muskox feeding craters. We therefore hypothesized that due to limited availability of forage, the dietary niches of these resident herbivores overlap considerably, and that the overlap increases as winter progresses. To test this, we analyzed fecal samples collected in early and late winter. We used molecular analysis to identify the plant taxa consumed, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the dietary niche breadth and dietary overlap. The plant taxa found indicated only limited dietary differentiation between the herbivores. As expected, dietary niches exhibited a strong contraction from early to late winter, especially for rock ptarmigan. This may indicate increasing reliance on particular plant resources as winter progresses. In early winter, the diet of rock ptarmigan overlapped slightly with that of muskox and Arctic hare. Contrary to our expectations, no inter-specific dietary niche overlap was observed in late winter. This overall pattern was specifically revealed by combined analysis of molecular data and stable isotope contents. Hence, despite foraging in the same areas and generally feeding on the same plant taxa, the quantitative dietary overlap between the three herbivores was limited. This may be attributable to species-specific consumption rates of plant taxa. Yet, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan may benefit from muskox opening up the snow pack, thereby allowing them to access the plants.
Data from: Partial migration: growth varies between resident and migratory fish
Partial migration occurs in many taxa and ecosystems and may confer survival benefits. Here, we use otolith chemistry data to determine whether fish from a large estuarine system were resident or migratory, and then examine whether contingents display differences in modelled growth based on changes in width of otolith growth increments. Sixty-three per cent of fish were resident based on Ba : Ca of otoliths, with the remainder categorized as migratory, with both contingents distributed across most age/size classes and both sexes, suggesting population-level bet hedging. Migrant fish were in slightly better condition than resident fish based on Fulton's K condition index. Migration type (resident versus migratory) was 56 times more likely to explain variation in growth than a model just incorporating year- and age-related growth trends. While average growth only varied slightly between resident and migratory fish, year-to-year variation was significant. Such dynamism in growth rates likely drives persistence of both life-history types. The complex relationships in growth between contingents suggest that management of species exhibiting partial migration is challenging, especially in a world subject to a changing climate.
Data from: Is computer-assisted instruction more effective than other educational methods in achieving ECG competence amongst medical students and residents? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Objectives It remains unclear whether computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is more effective than other teaching methods in acquiring and retaining ECG competence amongst medical students and residents. Design This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data sources Electronic literature searches of PubMed, databases via EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and grey literature were conducted on 28 November 2017. We subsequently reviewed the citation indexes of articles identified by the search. Eligibility criteria Studies were included if a comparative research design was used to evaluate the efficacy of CAI versus other methods of ECG instruction, as determined by the acquisition and/or retention of ECG competence of medical students and/or residents. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data from all eligible studies and assessed the risk of bias. After duplicates were removed, 559 papers were screened. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies reported sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results In all studies, CAI was compared to face-to-face ECG instruction. There was a wide range of computer-assisted and face-to-face teaching methods. Overall, the meta-analysis found no significant difference in acquired ECG competence between those who received computer-assisted or face-to-face instruction. However, sub-analyses showed that CAI in a blended learning context was better than face-to-face teaching alone, especially if trainees had unlimited access to teaching materials and/or deliberate practice with feedback. There was no conclusive evidence that CAI was better than face-to-face teaching for longer-term retention of ECG competence. Conclusion CAI was not better than face-to-face ECG teaching. However, this meta-analysis was constrained by significant heterogeneity amongst studies. Nevertheless, the finding that blended learning is more effective than face-to-face ECG teaching is important in the era of increased implementation of e-learning. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017067054
Data from: Restricted gene flow between resident Oncorhynchus mykiss and an admixed population of anadromous steelhead
The species Oncorhynchus mykiss is characterized by a complex life history that presents a significant challenge for population monitoring and conservation management. Many factors contribute to genetic variation in O. mykiss populations, including sympatry among migratory phenotypes, habitat heterogeneity, hatchery introgression, and immigration (stray) rates. The relative influences of these and other factors are contingent on characteristics of the local environment. The Rock Creek subbasin in the middle Columbia River has no history of hatchery supplementation and no dams or artificial barriers. Limited intervention and minimal management have led to a dearth of information regarding the genetic distinctiveness of the extant O. mykiss population in Rock Creek and its tributaries. We used 192 SNP markers and collections sampled over a 5-year period to evaluate the temporal and spatial genetic structures of O. mykiss between upper and lower watersheds of the Rock Creek subbasin. We investigated potential limits to gene flow within the lower watershed where the stream is fragmented by seasonally dry stretches of streambed, and between upper and lower watershed regions. We found minor genetic differentiation within the lower watershed occupied by anadromous steelhead (FST = 0.004), and evidence that immigrant influences were prevalent and ubiquitous. Populations in the upper watershed above partial natural barriers were highly distinct (FST = 0.093) and minimally impacted by apparent introgression. Genetic structure between watersheds paralleled differences in local demographics (e.g., variation in size), migratory restrictions, and habitat discontinuity. The evidence of restricted gene flow between putative remnant resident populations in the upper watershed and the admixed anadromous population in the lower watershed has implications for local steelhead productivity and regional conservation.
Data from: Influence of landscape features on the microgeographic genetic structure of a resident songbird.
Landscape features influence individual dispersal and as a result can affect both gene flow and genetic variation within and between populations. The landscape of British Columbia, Canada, is already highly heterogeneous due to natural ecological and geological transitions, but disturbance from human-mediated processes has further fragmented continuous habitat, particularly in the central plateau region. In this study, we evaluated the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the genetic structure of a common resident songbird, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus). Previous work revealed significant population structuring in British Columbia which could not be explained by physical barriers, so our aim was to assess the pattern of genetic structure at a microgeographic scale and determine the effect of different landscape features on genetic differentiation. A total of 399 individuals from 15 populations were genotyped for fourteen microsatellite loci revealing significant population structuring in this species. Individual and population-based analyses revealed as many as nine genetic clusters with isolation in the north, the central plateau and the south. Moreover, a mixed modelling approach that accounted for non-independence of pairwise distance values revealed a significant effect of land cover and elevation resistance on genetic differentiation. These results suggest that barriers in the landscape influence dispersal which has led to the unexpectedly high levels of population isolation. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating landscape features when interpreting patterns of population differentiation. Despite taking a microgeographic approach, our results have opened up additional questions concerning the processes influencing dispersal and gene flow at the local scale.
A comparison of neutral genetic differentiation and genetic diversity among migratory and resident populations of Golden-crowned-Kinglets (Regulus satrapa)
<p>Many animals migrate seasonally between breeding and non-breeding territories and these annual movements can have a profound effect on population genetic structure. We genotyped 283 individuals from 11 populations at seven variable microsatellite loci and compared patterns of neutral genetic differentiation and neutral genetic diversity among migratory and resident breeding populations of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), a widespread North American songbird. We predicted that resident populations would exhibit greater genetic differentiation and lower genetic diversity than migratory populations because migratory behaviour is thought to enhance gene flow. The magnitude of genetic differentiation and genetic diversity among migratory and resident populations was comparable, and the greatest levels of differentiation were observed for pairwise comparisons between Ontario and all western populations. Distance-based redundancy models and redundancy models revealed that patterns of neutral genetic differentiation and neutral genetic diversity follow an isolation-by-distance model and are not correlated with migratory behaviour. Overall it appears that genetic patterns are more closely associated with Pleistocene glacial history as proposed in a previous study.</p>
RRR input and output files corresponding to "Global patterns in river water storage dependent on residence time"
<p><strong>Corresponding peer-reviewed publication</strong></p> <p>This dataset corresponds to all the RRR input and output files that were used in the study reported in:</p> <ul> <li>Collins, E. L., C. H. David, R. Riggs, G. H. Allen, T. M. Pavelsky, P. Lin, M. Pan, D. Yamazaki, R. K. Meentemeyer, and G. M. Sanchez (2024), Global patterns in river water storage dependent on residence time.</li> </ul> <p>When making use of any of the files in this dataset, please cite both the aforementioned article and the dataset herein.</p> <p><strong>Input datasets</strong></p> <p>The dataset herein benefited from and was built upon other datasets:</p> <ul> <li>MERIT-Basins (version 1.0) derived from MERIT-Hydro (version 0.7) available under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. <a href="https://www.reachhydro.org/home/params/merit-basins">https://www.reachhydro.org/home/params/merit-basins</a></li> <li>GLDAS VIC Land Surface Model L4 monthly 1.0 x 1.0 degree (V2.0) available under a CC0 license. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/">https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/</a>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/ZRIHVF29X43C">10.5067/ZRIHVF29X43C</a></li> <li>GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 monthly 1.0 x 1.0 degree (V2.0) available under a CC0 license. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/">https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/</a>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/QN80TO7ZHFJZ">10.5067/QN80TO7ZHFJZ</a></li> <li>GLDAS Catchment Land Surface Model L4 monthly 1.0 x 1.0 degree (V2.0) available under a CC0 license. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/">https://science.nasa.gov/spd-41/</a>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/SGSL3LNKGJWW">10.5067/SGSL3LNKGJWW</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Known bugs and limitations in this dataset or the associated manuscript</strong></p> <p>In the original files for MERIT-Basins (version 1.0) derived from MERIT-Hydro (version 0.7), as obtained from the pfaf_level_02 zip files, two river reaches do not have a corresponding catchment: COMID=31000001 and COMID=61000003. These two river reaches were removed from our analysis, hence bringing the total number of river reaches used from 2,938,143 to 2,938,141, the same value as the total number of catchments.</p> <p>In the original files for MERIT-Basins (version 1.0) derived from MERIT-Hydro (version 0.7), as obtained from the pfaf_level_02 zip files, the attribute table for the river reach with COMID=67072432 contains only four upstream reaches (COMID=64072433, COMID=64072735, COMID=64073772, and COMID=64073786), while the reach actually has five upstream reaches on the map (those above and COMID=64073793). This was modified herein because all connectivity in this dataset was created by associating upstream and downstream nodes rather than using the attribute table.</p> <div> <div> <div> <p>Our monthly dataset of river gauges with 95% daily data availability for 1980–2009 and with average discharge greater than or equal to 100 m3/s contains 1,148 stations. After mapping gauges to the MERIT Hydro river network using a joint criteria of 1) within a distance of 0.05 degrees and 2) uncorrected 30-yr average simulated discharge of the river reach within one order of magnitude relative to the observed average discharge of the gauge; the number of gauges reduces to 1129. In cases of multiple gauges per reach, we selected the gauge that had the closest observed average discharge to the uncorrected 30-yr averages simulated, resulting in 1,001 gauges. The dataset was further split in calibration gauges (702) and validation gauges (299). Three specific gauges are located in places with 0 accumulation of runoff in their specific sub-basin, they are located at river reaches with ID 41003992, 41001545, and 24005996. These three gauges were removed from the overall analysis at all gauges, resulting in 998 total gauges. All three gauges are part of the 299 validation gauges, not the 702 calibration gauges. They were retained in the analysis of 299 validation gauges. </p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>Files included in this version</strong></p> <p>All monthly discharge observation files for 1148 gauges, in shapefile and CSV formats:</p> <ul> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p.zip</li> <li>timeseries_obs_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_monthly.zip</li> </ul> <p>All CSV files corresponding to the hydrography of all pfaf_level_02 regions of MERIT-Hydro v0.7 Basins v1.0 (i.e. the 61 values of <em>ii</em>):</p> <ul> <li>coords_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>kfac_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_1km_hour.zip</li> <li>k_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_low.zip</li> <li>k_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_nrm.zip</li> <li>k_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_hig.zip</li> <li>rapid_catchment_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>rapid_connect_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>rapid_coupling_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS.zip</li> <li>riv_bas_id_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_topo.zip</li> <li>sort_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_topo.zip</li> <li>xfac_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_0.1.zip</li> <li>x_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_low.zip</li> <li>x_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_nrm.zip</li> <li>x_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_hig.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly surface and subsurface runoff that were combined from GLDAS 2.0 and corresponding to the following land surface models for the years 1980 to 2009 (both included):</p> <ul> <li>GLDAS_CLSM_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>GLDAS_NOAH_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>GLDAS_VIC_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip (the 3-model ensemble average based on the three above models).</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly lateral inflows (based on the GLDAS data above), corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code:</p> <ul> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_CLSM_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_NOAH_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_VIC_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly discharge (based on the m3_riv data above), corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code: </p> <ul> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_CLSM_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_NOAH_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_VIC_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly storage (based on the Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS data above), corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code, and to each characteristic value of residence time (low, nrm, hig):</p> <ul> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_low.zip</li> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_nrm.zip</li> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_hig.zip</li> </ul> <p>All shapefiles with MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) river network on which the 30-year mean of lumped discharge was appended (based on the Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip data above):</p> <ul> <li>riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_GLDAS_ENS.zip</li> </ul> <p>All monthly discharge observation files for 1148 gauges, in shapefile format, with observed monthly mean appended:</p> <ul> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ.zip</li> </ul> <p>All monthly discharge observation files for 1001 gauges snapped on the MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) river network, in shapefile and CSV formats, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code: </p> <ul> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_COR_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_COR.zip</li> <li>obs_tot_id_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_COR_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>Qobs_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_COR_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> </ul> <p>All monthly discharge observation files for 1001 gauges snapped on the MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) river network, separated into calibration (CAL) and validation (VAL) gauges, in shapefile and CSV formats, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code: </p> <ul> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_CAL.zip</li> <li>obs_bas_id_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_CAL_pfaf_<em>ii</em>.zip</li> <li>sites_1980-01_2009-12_100cms_095p_meanQ_VAL.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly lateral inflows (based on the m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip data above) corrected using Long-Term Inverse Routing for calibration (CAL) gauges only and associated monthly discharge data, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code:</p> <ul> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_CAL_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_CAL_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly lateral inflows (based on the m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_ENS_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip data above) corrected using Long-Term Inverse Routing for all correction (COR) gauges only and associated monthly discharge data, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code:</p> <ul> <li>m3_riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> <li>Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip</li> </ul> <p>All netCDF4 files with monthly storage (based on the Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip data above), corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code, and to each characteristic value of residence time (low, nrm, hig):</p> <ul> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_low.zip</li> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_nrm.zip</li> <li>V_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc_hig.zip</li> </ul> <p>All shapefiles with MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) river network on which the 30-year mean of lumped discharge was appended (based on the Qout_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_GLDAS_COR_M_1980-01_2009-12_utc.zip data above):</p> <ul> <li>riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_GLDAS_COR.zip</li> </ul> <p>All shapefiles with MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) catchments that have been dissolved and of which the perimeter was extracted, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code; as well as global combined files:</p> <ul> <li>cat_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_disso.zip</li> <li>cat_ MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_disso.zip</li> <li>cat_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_perim.zip</li> <li>cat_ MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_perim.zip</li> </ul> <p>All shapefiles with MERIT Hydro (v0.7) Basins (v1.0) river network retaining only those reaches that flow to the global coast, corresponding to each one of the 61 values of <em>ii</em>, the pfaf_level_02 code:</p> <ul> <li>riv_pfaf_<em>ii</em>_MERIT_Hydro_v07_Basins_v01_coast.zip</li> </ul>
Data from: Seasonal host community dynamics constrain the risk of parasite transmission between migrant and resident species
<p>Seasonal migration shapes the community dynamics that influence pathogen transmission between migrants and resident species. While theoretical and empirical evidence has accumulated, whether migration increases or decreases the risk of cross-species infection remains inconclusive. We studied how the seasonal arrival and departure of a single avian migrant species change the composition of local communities in breeding areas affecting the haemosporidian infection dynamics. The seasonal reordering of resident species abundances induced by migrants, minimizes the opportunities for contact between highly infected hosts and susceptible species, either migrants or residents, thereby limiting the transmission of parasites to occasional spillover events. The occurrence of spillover dynamics during the seasonal sympatry between migrants and residents provides a plausible explanation that reconciles empirical inconsistencies in the intersection of animal migration and infection risk at the host community level. Our findings underscore the critical role played by seasonality in shaping infection dynamics in migratory systems.</p>
Evaluation of Family Medicine Residents' Reflection Skills
<p><strong><span>Dataset Info</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>1) GRAS Preliminary Application Data</span></strong></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first row of the dataset identifies the columns.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first column represents the participant numbers in the preliminary application</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The second column represents the participants' specializations.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The following 23 columns reveal the first application responses of the participants to the GRAS using a Likert scale (1: Totally Disagree, 5: Totally Agree).</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The following 23 columns reveal the second application responses of the participants to the GRAS using a Likert scale (1: Totally Disagree, 5: Totally Agree).</span></p> <p><strong><span>2) GRAS-TR First Phase Application Data</span></strong></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first row of the dataset identifies the columns.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first column represents the participant numbers in the first phase of the study.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The second column represents the participants' genders (1: Female, 2: Male).</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The third column represents the participants' specializations (1: Internal Medicine, 2: Medical Ethics, 3: Physiology, 4: Medical Pathology, 5: Obstetrics And Gynecology, 6: Pediatrics, 7: Public Health, 8: Emergency Medicine, 9: Microbiology, 10: Pharmacology, 11: Psychiatry, 12: Dermatology, 13: Medical Biochemistry, 14: Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, 15: Anatomy, 16: Family Medicine, 17: Radiology, 18: Histology And Embryology, 19: Medical Education, 20: Neurology).</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The fourth column represents the participants' education years.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The following 23 columns reveal the responses of the participants' to the GRAS-TR using a Likert scale (1: Totally Disagree, 5: Totally Agree).</span></p> <p><strong><span>3) GRAS-TR-pg Second Phase Application Data</span></strong></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first row of the dataset identifies the columns.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The first column represents the participant numbers in the first phase of the study.</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The second column represents the participants' genders (1: Female, 2: Male)</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The third column represents the participants' instutions types (1: Education and Research Hospital, 2: University Hospital)</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The fourth column represents the participants' education years (1: FP 1 year, CFP 1-2 years; FP 2 year, CFP 3-4 years; FP 3 year, CFP 5-6 years).</span></p> <p><span><span>§<span> </span></span></span><span>The following 20 columns reveal the responses of the participants' to the GRAS-TR-pg using a Likert scale (1: Totally Disagree, 5: Totally Agree).</span></p>
Survey data of a first feasibility study to foster urban residents' resonances with nature through rituals
<p>In this dataset, we provide raw and processed data, study material and documentation of our feasibility study aiming to foster urban residents’ resonances with nature through rituals in a five-week-long panel study. The case study was conducted in Dresden from August 30 till October 8 2023.</p> <p>In order to facilitate the realization of the study design by other institutions or private actors, the dataset includes first a postcard in pptx-format to promote the study and from which further promotion material can be created. We provide the audio manuals that were used for the implementation of the rituals for both the ritual and control group. Furthermore, we offer an evaluation framework for assessing socio-demographic data, changes throughout the different resonance dimensions (openness, value of <em>Unverfügbarkeit</em>, affect, response, transformation), effects on related aspects such as health or sense of social connectedness, the ecological footprint and possible open questions to assess and evaluate the feasibility study. To round it off, we provide raw survey data as well as preprocessed and analyzed data including results and data records of the intermediate steps of the analyzation conducted with IBM SPSS 28.</p> <h2>List of data, material and content (*.zip):</h2> <ul> <li>Promoting postcard (*.pptx) (artwork: IOER media)</li> <li>Audio manual for ritual group (*.pdf)</li> <li>Audio manual for control group (*.pdf)</li> <li>Subsequent record of the introductory meeting (*.mp4)</li> <li>Survey results for the final sample (*.xlsx)</li> <li>Upload of qualitative data by participant (*.jpg)</li> <li>Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests) to detect group-specific differences (e. g. level of openness, nature relatedness, mindful self-compassion) for the index variables; the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 28 (*.xls)</li> <li>Results of the statistical analyses (U-tests) to detect group-specific differences regarding the ecological carbon footprint; the tests were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 28 (*.xls)</li> </ul> <p>For the revised version, we added: </p> <ul> <li>Informed consent declaration to participate and publish (*.pdf)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Note: All documents are accessible with open source software.</p> <h2>Data acquisition and processing</h2> <p>The methods are described in the accompanying research paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01399-z.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Acknowledgments</h2> <p>The authors thank their student assistant Amanda Sydow for the support in editing the survey data as well as all participants for their intensive involvement in the feasibility study.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <h2>Notes</h2> <p>This dataset belongs to the following research paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-01399-z.</p> <p> </p>
Drug-target residence time data
<p>Drug-target residence time data:<br> - <strong>residence_time_data.xlsx </strong>contains information about target residence time and other binding kinetics coefficients, basic ligand properties like simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) or International Chemical Identifier (InChI) string, as well as the reference literature in PubMed</p> <p>- <strong>structures.zip</strong> contains structure files: the protein molecule along with other components such as water molecules and metal ions in the <em>pdb</em> format, while the ligand (drug) in Structure Data Format (<em>sdf</em>)</p> <p>All files can be opened via either a molecular visualization system (eg. PYMOL, Chimera) or a text editor.</p>
Predators balance consequences of climate-change induced habitat shifts for range-shifting and resident species
<p>While many species distributions are shifting poleward or up in elevation in response to a changing climate, others are shifting their habitats along localized gradients in environmental conditions as abiotic conditions become more stressful. Whether species are moving across regional or local environmental gradients in response to climate change, range-shifting species become embedded in established communities of competitors and predators. The consequences of these shifts for both resident and shifting species are often unknown, as it can be difficult to isolate the effects of multiple species interactions.</p> <p>Using a model system of insects in high-elevation ponds in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, we sought to disentangle the effects of predation and intraguild interactions on the survival and development of a semi-permanent pond resident caddisfly <em>Limnephilus externus</em> and the habitat-shifting caddis <em>Asynarchus nigriculus</em> that is being forced into semi-permanent ponds as temporary ponds dry too quickly to complete development.</p> <p>We conducted a manipulative in-situ pond cage experiment in which <em>L. externus</em> and <em>A. nigriculus</em> caddisfly larvae in single-species treatments and together were exposed to the presence/absence of predatory Dytiscus diving beetle larvae. This approach allowed us to isolate the effects of intraguild interactions and predation on the survival and development of both the resident and habitat-shifting species.</p> <p>We found that intraguild interactions had strong negative effects on the resident and habitat-shifting species. Intraguild interactions reduced the survival of the resident <em>L. externus</em> and increased the variation in survival of the shifting <em>A. nigriculus</em>. However, Dytiscus predators reduced these negative effects, stabilizing the community by increasing <em>L. externus</em> survival and reducing variation in <em>A. nigriculus</em> survival. We also found that intraguild interactions reduced <em>L. externus</em> biomass but resulted in increased <em>A. nigriculus</em> development. <em>A. nigriculus</em> development was also increased by predation.</p> <p>Our results show that strong intraguild interactions between resident and shifting species are likely to have negative consequences for both species. However, the presence of predators reduces these negative consequences of the habitat shift on both the resident and the shifting.</p>
Figure 4 in The first catenicellid (Bryozoa, Ascophora) from Mediterranean shallow waters: a hidden resident or a new immigrant?
Figure 4. Catenicella paradoxa sp. nov. Paratypes (PMC B 17b 5 July 2006). Features of bizooidal fertile segments. (A, B) Frontal and lateral views of a disarticulated fertile segment. Note the swelling in the frontodorsal direction, the sinuous outline of the ovicell in lateral view, the extension of its frontal fenestra and the pit sculpture, the lateral displacement of proximolateral pore chambers and their curving shape to follow the ovicell contour. Scale bars 200 µm. (C) Oblique view of the ovicell, showing its flat frontal surface. Scale bar 200 µm. (D) A single ovicell pit with well-defined outlines, seemingly resulting from the dissolution of an extremely thin layer of surface mineralization. Scale bar 5 µm.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.