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2,078 results for “soil data”
Riparian zone seedling establishment, growth, dynamics, and the influence of Rhododendron maximum soil moisture: forest floor data at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 2000
The effect of Rhododendron maximum, a dominate species in the riparian zones of the Southern Appalachians, on carbon, water, and nutrients en route to the streams is an ongoing study in the LTER research program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. To study seedling establishment, growth, and dynamics in riparian zones one m2 quadrats have been established. There are four sites which include one treatment site, where the rhododendron has been removed from the riparian zone, one hurricane site, where there is extensive disturbance from Hurricane Opal, and two control sites, one upslope from the treatment site and one upstream from the hurricane site. Each of these fours sites have ten randomly located natural regeneration one m2 quadrats as well as four randomly located replicates of three adjacent one m2 quadrats. In each of the three adjacent quadrats, the litter was removed from the lower half to determine the effect of litter on the germination and growth of seedlings. Two of the adjacent quadrats have been broadcast seeded with Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Quercus rubra. In one of the two quadrats that have been broadcast seeded, a predator exclusion mesh screen, 1m x 1/2m with " openings, has been installed in the quadrat to determine the effect of small mammal predation on regeneration. Quadrats were installed on 24 April 1997 and an initial vegetation survey was conducted in May 1997. All seedlings were permanently tagged at this time and quadrat physical characteristics such as slope, aspect, and distance from stream were recorded. Broadcast seeding was done on 21 May 1997. Each year censuses will be conducted in spring and fall on each quadrat and seedling species, density, age, and annual height growth will be recorded. This project will help to document the effect of Rhododendron maximum on regeneration in the riparian areas as well as the effect of hurricane disturbance on regeneration.
Riparian study: soil water chemistry (lysimeters) yearly data (1993 to 1997) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
These measurements are a part of a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment conducted on WS 56 at Coweeta. The purpose of the project is to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum on the export of nutrients and organic matter, on microbial community function, on downslope coarse woody debris transport, on seedling regeneration, and on microclimatic variables such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Two experimental hillslope transects that span topographic flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream were instrumented with lysimeters in two soil horizons, the BA (20-25 cm deep) and the B (40-50 cm deep). The vegetation cut was conducted on the "treatment slope" in Aug 1995. Shortly thereafter, Oct 1995, hurricane Opal blew down a significant number of canopy trees on the "control slope." Due to this natural disturbance, the project was adjusted to contrast the effects of natural vs human disturbance - a bank of lysimeters above the cut area was unaffected and now serve as the control data for the project. The treatment slope has been renamed the "cut slope" and the hurricane impact slope has been renamed the "storm slope." The project uses a terrain-fitted hillslope hydrology model (TAPES-C, IHDM4 hybrid) to account for water flux and nutrient loading from the hillslope before and after the cut and storm impacts.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Landscape scale (valley-wide) soil carbon and nitrogen cycling data
The valley-wide plots are a grid of 431 sites along fifteen N–S transects established at 500-m intervals spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley. This dataset includes total soil carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content, potential net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, microbial respiration rates, soil water content and holding capacity, soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations, soil pH, and tree composition in a subset of 100 randomly selected plots in 2000. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Venterea, R. T., Lovett, G. M., Groffman, P. M., & Schwarz, P. A. (2003). Landscape patterns of net nitrification in a northern hardwood-conifer forest. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J., 67, 527–539. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5270
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Soil volumetric water content calculated from neutron hydroprobe data along the LTER-I transects (control and fertilized) at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1986-ongoing
This data package contains volumetric water content (VWC) measurements calculated from soil neutron hydroprobe data collected on the permanent LTER-I transects located at Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico, USA. The control and treatment transects are parallel to each other and are 2.7 km in length extending from the middle of the College Playa to the foot of Mt. Summerford. The treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Measurement stations are located at 30 meter intervals along each transect, and there are neutron probe access tubes located every station on the control transect (n=89) and at every fifth station at the treatment transect (n=19). Measurements were taken at 5 depths using a neutron probe (CPN Model 503DR Hydroprobe) and were then converted to VWC at 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 110 cm, and 130 cm depths. Neutron probe VWC readings taken in 3 non-weighing mini-lysimeters along each transect are also included. This dataset consists of the calculated water content (cm3 water/cm3 soil) obtained by applying site-specific calibration equations to data derived from the thermalized neutron counts found in EDI packageID knb-lter-jrn.210001001. Measurements were taken at 2 week intervals from April 1982 to 1987 and monthly thereafter. Data collection for this study is ongoing.
Soil volumetric water content calculated from neutron hydroprobe data at 15 NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1989-2011 (Deprecated)
This data package contains soil water content data calculated from monthly neutron hydroprobe count measurements made at 15 net primary production (NPP) study locations on Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) lands. Once a month, neutron probe measurements are made at 10 depths (where possible) at each of 10 access tubes at each of the 15 NPP sites using a neutron probe (CPN Model 503DR Hydroprobe). The raw dataset, also on EDI (knb-lter-jrn.210013001), consists of the count of thermalized neutrons at 30 cm depth intervals to a maximum depth of 300 cm. In this data package, the raw neutron counts have been converted to volumetric water content (VWC) to a maximum depth of 270 cm using calibration equations (deepest probe depths are excluded from VWC calculations). The NPP sites these measurements are made at represent the 5 dominant vegetation types of the Jornada Basin, which consist of 3 shrub (creosotebush, mesquite dune, and tarbush) and 2 grass (upland grassland and playa) types. Three NPP sites are located in each of the types. This data collection is ongoing with new data collected monthly. NOTE: This data package is deprecated and will not be updated in the future. These VWC values were calculated using a now-outdated calibration method. Values of VWC calculated with the improved and fully documented calibration method are available in another EDI data package (knb-lter-jrn.210013003).
PCN01 Plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pool data from the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Data describe the carbon and nitrogen pools in combustible aboveground litter, and in shoots, roots, litter, and soil at the end of the growing season at the Belowground Plot Experiment in 2021.
Soil geochemistry and microbial community data from glaciated and potential glacial refugia sites in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2019)
A study was conducted to examine soil microbial communities and associated geochemical parameters at potential glacial refugia and glaciated control sites throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Soil samples were collected as part of ongoing long-term monitoring efforts by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (MCM LTER). The oldest samples used in this study were collected during the 1993-1994 austral summer, and the newest from the 2018-2019 austral summer. "Refugia" sites were selected based on geographical positions and elevations indicative of potential glacial refugia status. Each refugia site was paired with a lower elevation "glaciated" site in the same dry valley that was not likely to have functioned as a refugium. Six replicate soils per sampling site were sequenced with 16S primers following Earth Microbiome Project protocols, filtered using the DADA2 pipeline, and clustered to amplicon sequence variant using the SILVA reference database to generate the microbial classification table included herein. Soil samples were also analyzed for various geochemical parameters as part of this study, which include P, K, NO3-, gravimetric water content, percent organic matter, pH, and electroconductivity.
Geum and Kobresia soil inorganic and organic property data for Saddle and North of Tvan, 1993.
This study was initiated to examine bulk density and organic matter content differences between soils where Geum (Acomastylis) rossii and Kobresia myosuroides were present. A subset of samples were also measured for total C, N, and P. Paired plots were randomly selected in locations where Kobresia and Geum populations were adjacent to one another. Soil samples were collected from 35 plots, 22 and 13 of which had southerly and northerly aspects, respectively. Soil cores were removed with 3.5-cm interior diameter PVC pipe that was driven into the tundra by use of a rubber mallet. The minimum depth of individual cores was 9 cm, and these depths were recorded at the time of removal (15 July, 19 July, 22 July, and 9 August 1993).
Ranunculus adoneus nutrient, soil temperature, and soil moisture data for Saddle, 1990 - 1991.
Ranunculus adoneus plants were collected biweekly from Niwot Ridge Saddle grid stake 34 during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons. Associated plant biomass, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus levels, were determined. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus, moisture, and temperature also were measured. The relationships between these factors and mycorrhizal development were examined. Mycorrhizal development corresponded with phosphorus accumulation in R. adoneus. This accumulation occurred late in the growing season after seed set, when plants were producing new tissues for the next year and appears to allow the plants to bloom the next year when snowmelt begins. Edaphic factors such as soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil N and P levels did not correlate with patterns in mycorrhizal development. In contrast to the pattern of P uptake, R. adoneus took up nitrogen (N) very early in the growing season during snowmelt, when availablitity was high, new roots had not yet formed, and old roots contained high levels of dark septate (DS) fungus.
Gopher-disturbed and undisturbed soil Oribatid mite data for Martinelli slope, 1988.
Soil cores were collected from undisturbed and pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) disturbed alpine tundra. Cores were split in half longitudinally with one half being used for extraction and identification of Oribatid mites. Disturbed soils included both old and fresh gopher mounds and all study sites were located on the Martinelli slope directly above the 25 permanent plots. The cores were collected in 1988.
Soil temperature data for Saddle, 1992 - 1993.
Trace gas samples were collected from 3 alpine tundra vegetation community types (dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow) on Niwot Ridge during the summer months of 1992 and 1993. In addition, samples were collected from a set of control and nitrogen amended plots in both dry and wet meadow community types. Soil temperatures were measured in conjunction with the trace gas sampling.
Krummholz island soil C and N data for East of Tvan, 1994.
Previous work has shown that passage of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands across tundra lowers the soil carbon and nitrogen storage capacity of the top 15cm of soil (A horizon) (Pauker and Seastedt 1996). This data forms part of a study which seeks to further examine how changes in carbon storage capacity are associated with changes in soil physical properties. Soils were collected in 1994. We sought to determine whether there were changes in natural abundance of C and N isotopes associated with previously reported changes in C and N content. Any such changes in natural abundance of C and N isotopes may indicate differences in inputs to the ecosystem or differences in ecosystem processes that may account for the differences in N and C content that have been observed. In addition to measuring ratios of natural isotopes of C and N, we also measured C and N contents to provide a comparison with previous studies. To convert % N and C values to kgs of N and C per m2, we used bulk density values, averaged across sampling dates that had been previously measured for these sites. Metadata for these data are available at: https://portal.lternet.edu/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-nwt&identifier=131 When N and C soil contents were considered on a percentage basis, levels at windward sites were significantly lower than those of undisturbed tundra, but levels directly beneath krummholz were not significantly different from tundra soils. Bulk density was significantly lower under krummholz than other sites. Thus when N and C amounts were expressed on a volume (Kg/m2, to a depth of 15cm), they were significantly lower in both krummholz and windward sites than in undisturbed tundra. D13C values of soils under krummholz were significantly less negative under krummholz than from windward or undisturbed tundra sites. A less negative d13C value is indicative of less discrimination and may be attributable to either vegetation differences
Krummholz island soil inorganic and organic property data for East of Tvan, 1995 - 1996.
Previous work has shown that passage of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands across tundra lowers the soil carbon and nitrogen storage capacity of the top 15cm of soil (A horizon) (Pauker and Seastedt 1996). This study shows that levels of KCl extractable ammonium and percent organic matter were also significantly higher in the A horizon of undisturbed tundra sites compared with soils underneath or immediately adjacent to (windward or leeward) the krummholz. The response of soil KCl extractable NO3- also showed this trend but was not statistically significant. Holtmeier and Broll (1992) suggested that the depletion of organics and nutrients following the passage of tree island may be associated with a reduced clay content. We analyzed a subsample of these soils for cation exchange capacity (CEC) and texture. We did not find significantly lower clay content in soils under or adjacent to krummholz compared with those from undisturbed tundra. In fact, percent clay was greater in krummholz and windward sites than in tundra sites. The percent clay of windward sites was significantly greater in windward soils than either krummholz or tundra soils. Clearly, depletion of organics following the passage of tree islands does not appear to be associated with a depleted clay content. We found that CEC was very highly significantly correlated with percent organic content (using percent organic data only from the subset of soils on which CEC was measured). Therefore, the CEC content of these soils would appear to be strongly associated with the organic content but not with the clay content. Percent soil moisture was significantly higher directly underneath the krummholz compared with the other sites. There was no effect of treatment on pH. We also investigated whether the organic matter lost in association with krummholz colonization (i.e. 1m from the tree) was replenished as tundra vegetation recolonized in the wake of the tree is
Krummholz island soil N and root ingrowth data for East of Tvan, 1996 - 1997.
Previous work has shown that passage of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands across tundra lowers the soil carbon and nitrogen storage capacity of the top 15cm of soil (A horizon) (Pauker and Seastedt 1996). The presence of tree islands (krummholz) on the tundra acts as a 'snowfence' causing snow to drift within the krummholz and in a semi-circular area leeward of the krummholz. This drifting causes soil within and leeward of the krummholz to have a much deeper, more consistent and longer lasting snow-cover than the adjacent tundra soils. The snowdrifts form a permanent cover over the leeward and krummholz sites from November through June, helping to insulate the soils beneath from the extreme low temperatures and supplying significantly more meltwater in the spring. In contrast, high winds cause the adjacent tundra to be free from snow and exposed to extremely cold temperatures for much of the winter. Studies have shown that atmospheric nitrogen deposition accumulates on snowpacks throughout the winter months and that this is released as a 'pulse' of nitrogen ions at snowmelt (Williams et al. 1996). We hypothesized that accumulation of snowpacks in krummholz and leeward sites may alter nitrogen dynamics in these areas relative to tundra, by either (a) affecting microbial activity via its insulating effect or (b) accumulating large amounts of atmospherically deposited N and releasing it as a pulse at snowmelt. This study sought to examine the nitrogen inputs into tundra, krummholz, and leeward soils over an entire winter season (using buried ion exchange resin bags which collect ions percolating down at snowmelt and early spring rains) and over a short period in spring, immediately following snowmelt (using microlysimeters to collect soil water over a 24 hour period). Belowground NPP (determined from root ingrowth cores) and d13C values of tundra and krummholz vegetation are also presented in this file. NH4+ and NO3-
Soil inorganic and organic property data for subalpine forest, treeline, and alpine zone, 1999.
This study was initiated to examine the nitrogen content of three montane soils: subalpine, treeline and alpine; and to determine if the differences in soil nitrogen content were attributed to plant community and elevation. Soil organic matter, soil carbon, bulk density, pH and soil moisture were also measured for each site. Soil samples were collected from 64 total plots [22 subalpine,15 treeline and 27 alpine sites]. The subalpine site plots included aspen, fir, lodgepole, spruce and meadow vegetation cover. The treeline site plots included fir, spruce and meadow vegetation cover. The alpine site plots included dry meadow and mesic meadow fertilization (control, N, P, NP) plots. Soil cores were removed with 3.5-cm interior diameter PVC pipe that was driven into the soil by use of a rubber mallet. The minimum depth of individual cores was 10 cm. Cores were taken at each site three times over the period between 29 June 1999 and 29 July 1999.
Baseline soil inorganic and organic property data for Saddle snowfence, 1993.
Soil cores were collected during the construction of the 100+year snowfence on the Niwot Ridge Saddle in the autumn of 1993. Organic matter determinations were made on the samples in January 1994. The samples were also measured for total phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon. These 1993 samples were representative of the baseline (pre-snowfence) soil conditions.
Alpine tundra and krummholz soil temperature data for Saddle and North of Tvan, 1994 - 1999.
Growing season soil temperatures (typically at 2 depths in a given location) were measured (1) to quantify the soil temperature environment across the landscape mosaic of alpine tundra, and (2) to compare temperatures between tundra and adjacent krummholz vegetation. Measurements were made at sites differing in aspect (south-facing and north-facing) and moisture conditions (dry, mesic, and wet). In addition, soil temperature was measured at a site characterized by persistent snow cover, as well as at sites within and adjacent to a krummholz patch. Data are presently collected using an Omnidata DP212 datapod.
Krummholz island size, soil inorganic, and organic property data for Saddle, S slope of Niwot Ridge, 1994.
Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands modify the characteristics of surface soils in alpine tundra. Soil C content of the approximate A horizon (top 15 cm) of soil was measured during the summer of 1994 on windward, leeward, upslope and downslope sides, and interiors of tree islands on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. A subset of samples from these sites were also used for CHN analysis and were measured for total phosphorus using persulfate digestions and colorimetric measurements. Results indicate significant (p<.0001) reductions of percent of dry mass represented by C in soil and significant (p<.04) declines in absolute C storage among soils on the windward sides of tree islands as compared to the upslope and downslope controls, and a tendency for reduced C on the leeward sides as well. Surface organic matter (O horizon) accumulations averaging 9.6 +/- 1.02 kg/m^2 are found in the interior of tree islands, but this material, in addition to roots, is not stabilized in the A horizons of soil. The movement of tree islands can therefore be regarded as disturbances to soil building processes in alpine tundra. Timberline forest and adjacent tundra patches of similar aspect and slope were also sampled for comparisons of soil C content. Results indicated similar C storage beneath trees and tundra at this lower elevation. The wind-induced movement of tree islands across the tundra creates enhanced snowpack within the trees and on their leeward sides. Shading and moisture conditions of the soil are altered, leading to C deposition and decomposition dynamics which differ from that of unimpacted tundra surface soils. However, at timberline, adjacent tundra lacks the ability to exhibit the enhanced C storage of alpine tundra at higher elevations. Snowpack within trees and adjacent tundra at timberline may be relatively constant such that biophysical factors affecting soil characteristics are relatively unchanged by plant life-form.
Soil temperature data for Saddle snowfence, 1992 - 1995.
A snowfence was built in 1993 on the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid to determine the effects of changes in snowpack on a number of variables, one of which was soil temperature. The study area was 60m x 125m. Soil temperatures were measured at two depths (0 and 15 cm) at each of 13 locations within the snowfence experiment area. Soil temperatures were measured at the same depths at each of 6 control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. These measurements were made weekly to biweekly using fixed thermistors and data loggers. Sampling locations were each given a unique point identification number in order that these data could be incorporated into the Saddle GIS. The snowfence was oriented in a north/south direction and was 60m long. Each of the point identification numbers had a coordinate within the experiment area. The first number of the coordinate was the distance in m from the snowfence in an east/west direction, negative numbers being west of the snowfence and positive numbers being east of the fence. The second number in the coordinate was the distance in m from the southern terminus of the snowfence in a northerly direction. The point identification numbers and coordinates were: 203 (-40,30), 217 (-30,30), 231 (-20,30), 245 (-10,30), 252 (-5,30), 259 (5,30), 266 (10,30), 281 (20,30), 295 (30,30), 309 (40,30), 323 (50,30), 337 (60,30). Controls were located outside of the snowfence experiment area: 113 (approximately 10 m south of the -30,0 coordinate) in the Acomastylidetum rossii vegetation association, 114 (approximately 11 m south of the -25,0 coordinate) in the Acomastylidetum rossii vegetation association, 115 (approximately 8 m south of the 55,0 coordinate) in the Kobresietum myosuroidis vegetation association, 116 (approximately 5 m north of the 50,60 coordinate) in the Kobresietum myosuroidis vegetation association, 117 (approximately 3 m north of the -23,60 coordinate) in the Rhodiolo integrifoliae vegetation association, 118 (approxi
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