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336 results for “sparrow”
Data from: Genomics of rapid ecological divergence and parallel adaptation in four tidal marsh sparrows
Theory suggests that different taxa having colonized a similar, challenging environment will show parallel or lineage-specific adaptations to shared selection pressures, but empirical examples of parallel evolution in independent taxa are exceedingly rare. We employed comparative genomics to identify parallel and lineage-specific responses to selection within and among four species of North American sparrows that represent four independent, post-Pleistocene colonization events by an ancestral, upland subspecies and a derived salt marsh specialist. We identified multiple cases of parallel adaptation in these independent comparisons following salt marsh colonization, including selection on twelve candidate genes linked to osmoregulation. In addition to detecting shared genetic targets of selection across multiple comparisons, we found many novel, species-specific signatures of selection, including evidence of selection on loci associated with both physiological and behavioral mechanisms of osmoregulation. Demographic reconstructions of all four species highlighted their recent divergence and small effective population sizes, as expected given their rapid radiation into saline environments. Our results highlight the interplay of both shared and lineage-specific selection pressures in the colonization of a biotically and abiotically challenging habitat and confirm theoretical expectations that steep environmental clines can drive repeated and rapid evolutionary diversification in birds.
Spatial structure and dispersal dynamics in a house sparrow metapopulation
<p>1. The effects of spatial structure on metapopulation dynamics depend upon the interaction between local population dynamics and dispersal, and how this relationship is affected by the geographical isolation and spatial heterogeneity in habitat characteristics.</p> <p>2. Our aim is to examine how emigration and immigration of house sparrows, <i>Passer domesticus</i>, in a Norwegian archipelagic metapopulation are affected by key factors predicted by classic metapopulation models to affect dispersal: spatial and temporal variation in population size, inter-island distance, local demography and habitat characteristics.</p> <p>3. This metapopulation can be divided into two major habitat types: (1) islands closer to the mainland where sparrows breed in colonies on farms, and (2) islands without farms, situated farther away from the mainland where sparrows are exposed to harsher environmental conditions.</p> <p>4. Dispersal was spatially structured within the metapopulation; there was proportionally and numerically less emigration and immigration involving farm islands, as compared to non-farm islands. Furthermore, emigration and immigration occurred mostly between nearby islands. Moreover, emigration in response to spatial differences in mean population size differed between the habitat types, but populations with large mean received more immigrants in both habitat types. The number of emigrants and immigrants was negatively related to long-term recruit production, which was not the case in non-farm islands. The proportion and number of emigrants was positively related to temporal increases in recruit production on farm islands, however, not on non-farm islands.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions influences how spatial variation in long-term mean population size, and temporal and spatial variation in recruit production, affects dispersal dynamics. The spatial structure of this metapopulation is therefore best described by a spatially explicit model in which the exchange of individuals within each habitat type is strongly affected by the degree of geographical isolation, population size and recruit production. However, these relationships differed between the two habitat types, with the non-farm islands showing similarities to a mainland-island model type of structure, whereas dispersal on the farm islands showed features more associated with source-sink or balanced dispersal models. Such differential dispersal dynamics between habitat types is expected to have important consequences for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics within this metapopulation.</p>
Data from: Morphological measurements and mercury levels of Saltmarsh Sparrows sampled across their breeding range
<p><span>Malaria parasites (genus <em>Plasmodium</em>) are important agents of infectious disease in birds and multiple factors including warming temperatures and environmental contamination may act to increase their geographic and host ranges. </span>Here, we examined the role of geographical variation and environmental mercury exposure in malaria parasite infection dynamics in an imperiled songbird species with high mercury exposition, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (<em>Ammospiza caudacutus</em>). Using PCR methods, we <span>screened 280 Saltmarsh Sparrows from across their breeding range for malaria parasite infection. </span>We detected malaria parasites in 17% of sampled birds and a total of six <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages. <span>Prevalence of infection and diversity of parasite lineages varied across the breeding range of the Saltmarsh Sparrow and increased at more northern latitudes. Although mercury is a known immunosuppressant and has been documented to alter an individual's susceptibility to pathogens, we did not find a significant difference in blood mercury levels between infected and not infected birds, perhaps due to sampling methods and/or small sample sizes. As a specialist of coastal wetlands, the Saltmarsh Sparrow is an excellent indicator species for ecological health, and the patterns of malaria parasite infection with host distribution and mercury suggest that birds at northern latitudes are at greater risk of disease and should be priorities for conservation, habitat, and pathogen monitoring. </span></p>
Data from: Resolving the conundrum of inbreeding depression but no inbreeding avoidance: estimating sex-specific selection on inbreeding by song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
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Recent immigrants alter the quantitative genetic architecture of paternity in song sparrows
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Data from: Does the house sparrow Passer domesticus represent a global model species for egg rejection behavior?
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Data from: A test for repertoire matching in eastern song sparrows
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Data from: Three decades of cultural evolution in Savannah sparrow songs
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Data from: Extrapair paternity rates vary with latitude and elevation in Emberizid sparrows
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Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in genetic relatedness among house sparrows along an urban-rural gradient as revealed by individual-based analysis
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Data from: Epigenetic and genetic variation among three separate introductions of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) into Australia
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House sparrows use learned information selectively based on whether reward is hidden or visible
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Data from: A microsatellite-based linkage map for song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
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Data from: A test of the eavesdropping avoidance hypothesis as an explanation for the structure of low amplitude aggressive signals in the song sparrow
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Data from: Genetic covariance between components of male reproductive success: within-pair versus extra-pair paternity in song sparrows
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Data from: Offspring fitness varies with parental extra-pair status in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia
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Data from: Intracellular glucocorticoid receptors in spleen, but not skin, vary seasonally in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
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Data from: Is pairing with a relative heritable? estimating female and male genetic contributions to the degree of biparental inbreeding in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
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Genomic data reveal the biogeographic and demographic history of Ammospiza sparrows in northeast tidal marshes
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Data from: Female, but not male, tropical sparrows respond more strongly to the local song dialect: implications for population divergence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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