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FIGURE 7 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 7. Live Siren intermedia type specimens belonging to mtDNA lineage A. A Neotype from Wayne Co., Georgia (UF Herp 190369). B Paratype from McIntosh Co., Georgia (UF Herp 189657). C Paratype from Nassau Co., Florida (UF Herp 188604). D Paratype from Nassau Co., Florida (UF Herp 188605). E Paratype from Wayne Co., Georgia (UF Herp 190370). F Paratype from Lake Co., Florida (UF Herp 186989).
FIGURE 6 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 6. Results from our linear discriminant function analysis based on the five size-corrected linear measurements taken from 396 Siren specimens. Except for S. reticulata, each lineage failed to create meaningful separation.
FIGURE 5 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 5. Box plots of the distributions of snout-vent length and the five size-corrected linear measurements compared using linear discriminant analysis.
FIGURE 9 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 9. Distribution map of specimens assigned to Siren intermedia (orange circles) and S. nettingi (blue circles). The red line is the eastern boundary of the Mobile drainage from EDNA Derived Watersheds for Major Named Rivers (https://edna. usgs.gov/watersheds/kml_index.htm). The Mobile drainage lacks S. intermedia records and is the easternmost drainage where S. nettingi occurs. Our westernmost records of S. intermedia are from the Escambia drainage.
FIGURE 12. Siren sphagnicola habitats. A in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 12. Siren sphagnicola habitats. A Type locality at Junior Walton Pond, Okaloosa Co., Florida, showing the feeding stream channel lined with thick muck and vegetation. B Type locality at Junior Walton Pond, Okaloosa Co., Florida, showing sphagnum mats and assorted vegetation covering a thick layer of muck and root masses. C Surface of a sphagnum bog on Bull Pen Branch, Okaloosa Co., Florida, where dense vegetation and 60 cm of muck provide ideal habitat for S. sphagnicola. D Seep at the head of Krul Lake, Santa Rosa Co., Florida, where shallow surface water flows over 15‒90 cm of fluid muck covered by grassy vegetation and sphagnum mats. E & F Hillside seepage pools along Carr Spring Branch, Okaloosa Co., Florida, where intermittent pools are deceptively deep and filled with fluid muck, like many other localities inhabited by S. sphagnicola.
FIGURE 4 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 4. Box plots with points representing specimens per showing distribution of costal groove counts of Siren lineages.
FIGURE 14 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 14. Distribution map of specimens assigned to Siren sphagnicola. Red triangles represent localities with museum voucher specimens. Species of these specimens were determined using sequence data if tissue samples were available or by comparing costal groove counts and patterns to data from sequenced specimens. The yellow triangle represents a locality with genetic data only.
FIGURE 2 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 2. Median joining networks of Siren haplotypes for RAG1 (left) and NCX1 (right) regions made using PopART.
FIGURE 3 in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 3. Box plots with points colored by sex showing distribution of tail proportions of Siren lineages. Outliers are noted with red triangles on the associated box plot.
FIGURE 11. Live Siren sphagnicola specimens. A in Unraveling Siren (Caudata: Sirenidae) systematics and description of a small seepage specialist
FIGURE 11. Live Siren sphagnicola specimens. A Holotype specimen from Okaloosa Co., Florida (UF Herp 185209). B Dorsal view of an adult found in shallow water where specimens were buried in the sandy bottom. C Dorsolateral view of an adult found in a deeper creek with deep muck deposits where specimens were found by digging through sphagnum root masses and fluid muck. D Juvenile from a shallow, sand-bottomed creek. E Adult hypertrophic male with a partially regenerated tail.
Multidimensional specialization and generalization are pervasive in soil prokaryotes with generalists dominating communities and specialists more central in networks
<p>Project folder to run analyses in the manuscript "<strong>Multidimensional specialization and generalization are pervasive in soil prokaryotes with generalists dominating communities and specialists more central in networks</strong>" with necessary raw and processed data.</p> <p>Manuscript abstract:</p> <p>Habitat specialization underpins biological processes from species distributions to speciation. However, organisms are often described as specialists or generalists based on a single niche axis, despite facing complex, multidimensional environments. Here, we analyzed 236 prokaryotic communities across the United States demonstrating for the first time that 90% of >1,200 prokaryotes followed one of two trajectories: specialization on all niche axes (multidimensional specialization) or generalization on all axes (multidimensional generalization). We then documented that this pervasive multidimensional specialization/generalization had a wide range of ecological and evolutionary consequences. First, multidimensional specialization and generalization are highly conserved with very few transitions between these two trajectories. Second, multidimensional generalists dominated communities because they were 73 times more abundant than specialists. Lastly, multidimensional specialists played important roles in community structure with ~220% more connections in microbiome networks. These results indicate that multidimensional generalization and specialization are evolutionarily stable with multidimensional generalists supporting larger populations and multidimensional specialists playing important roles within communities likely stemming from their overrepresentation among pollutant detoxifiers and nutrient cyclers. Taken together, we demonstrate that the vast majority of soil prokaryotes are restricted to one of two multidimensional niche trajectories, multidimensional specialization or multidimensional generalization, which then has far-reaching consequences for evolutionary transitions, microbial dominance, and community roles. </p>
Data from: Parasite-associated mortality in birds: the roles of specialist parasites and host evolutionary distance
<p>The factors that influence whether a parasite is likely to cause death in a given host species are not well known. Generalist parasites with high local abundances, broad distributions, and the ability to infect a wide phylogenetic diversity of hosts are often considered especially dangerous for host populations, though comparatively little research has been done on the potential for specialist parasites to cause host mortality. Here, using a novel database of avian mortality records, we tested whether phylogenetic host specialist or host generalist haemosporidian blood parasites were associated with avian host deaths based on infection records from over 81,000 examined hosts. In support of the hypothesis that host specialist parasites can be highly virulent in novel hosts, we found that the parasites that were associated with avian host mortality were predominantly phylogenetic host specialists. Hosts that died tended to be distantly related to the host species that a parasite lineage typically infects, illustrating that specialist parasites can cause death outside of their limited host range. Overall, this study highlights the overlooked potential for host specialist parasites to cause host mortality despite their constrained ecological niches.</p>
How specialized is a soil specialist? Early life history responses of a rare Eriogonum to site-level variation in volcanic soils
<p><b>Premise of the study</b>: Understanding edaphic specialization is crucial for conserving rare plants that may need relocation due to habitat loss. Focusing on <i>Eriogonum crosbyae</i>, a rare soil specialist in the Great Basin, US, we asked how site-level variation among volcanic soil outcrops affected plant growth and population distribution.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We measured emergence, survival, size, and biomass allocation of <i>E. crosbyae</i> seedlings planted into soils collected from forty-two outcrops of actual and potential habitat. We also measured phenotypic variation in the wild, documented abiotic and biotic components of <i>E. crosbyae </i>habitat, re-surveyed Nevada populations, and evaluated occupancy changes over time.</p> <p><b>Key results</b>: Plants responded plastically to edaphic variation, growing larger and allocating relatively more tissue above-ground in soils with greater nutrient availability, and growing smaller in soils higher in copper in the field and the greenhouse. However, the chemical and physical soil properties we measured did not predict site occupancy, nor was plant phenotype in the greenhouse different when plants were grown in soils from sites with different occupation status. We observed occupation status reversals at five locations.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: <i>E. crosbyae </i>performed well in soils formed on hydrothermally altered rocks that are inhospitable to many other plants. Extirpation/colonization events observed were consistent with metapopulation dynamics, which may partially explain <i>E. crosbyae'</i>s patchy distribution among outcrops of potential habitat. While soil properties did not predict site occupancy, early life stages showed sensitivity to soil variation, indicating that seedling dynamics may be important to consider for the conservation of this soil specialist.</p>
The (Cost-)Effectiveness of Generalist Versus Specialist Treatment for Severe Personality Disorders'
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06789380. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Mental Health Specialist Video Consultations for Primary Care Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04316572. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Trial of the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of a Specialist Expert Mood Disorder Team for Refractory Unipolar Depressive Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01047124. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
Specialist Recommendation on FBC (Familial Breast Cancer) Chemoprevention Prescribing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04058418. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Aridol Challenge for a Diagnosis of Asthma by a Specialist Pulmonologist
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00491153. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Opinion of the Infectious Disease Specialist Referent for the Good Use of AnTiBiotics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04603313. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Building Core Competencies of Taiwanese Care Food Specialists: Curriculum Design and Outcome Assessment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07384481. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.