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656 results for “stonefly”
A phylogenomic perspective on the evolutionary history of the stonefly genus Suwallia (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) revealed by ultraconserved genomic elements
<p>Evolutionary biologists have long sought to disentangle phylogenetic relationships among taxa spanning the tree of life, an increasingly important task as anthropogenic influences have caused, and are expected to continue to cause, population declines and species extinctions, particularly in insects. Advances in DNA sequencing techniques have increasingly facilitated the ability of researchers to apply genomic methods to phylogenetic analyses, even for non-model organisms which have historically lacked the genomic resources to do so. Phylogenetic relationships within the stonefly genus <i>Suwallia</i> (Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) are poorly understood, and have never been assessed using molecular data. We used DNA sequence data from genome-wide ultraconserved element loci to generate the first molecular phylogeny for the group and assess its monophyly. Our results reveal that the monospecific chloroperlid <i>Neaviperla forcipata</i> renders <i>Suwallia</i> paraphyletic, and we recommend a taxonomic revision for its inclusion in <i>Suwallia</i>. We also found that Palearctic and Nearctic <i>Suwallia</i> do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades, and that a biogeographic history including dispersal, vicariance, and founder event speciation via jump dispersal best explains the geographic distribution of this group. Moreover, some <i>Suwallia</i> species (e.g., <i>S. amoenacolens</i>, <i>S. kerzhneri</i>, <i>S. marginata, S. pallidula, </i>and<i> S. starki</i>) exhibit pronounced cryptic diversity that is worthy of further investigation. These findings provide a first glimpse into the evolutionary history of <i>Suwallia</i>, improve our understanding of stonefly diversity, and highlight areas where additional research is needed.</p>
Combining molecular data sets with strongly heterogeneous taxon coverage enlightens the peculiar biogeographic history of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera)
<p class="Standard1">Extant members of the ancient insect order of stoneflies exhibit a disjunct, antitropical distribution, with one major lineage exclusively occurring in the Southern Hemisphere and the other, with few exceptions, on the Northern continents. Here, we address the biogeographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of stoneflies using a phylogenetic workflow that combines both transcriptomic and Sanger sequence datasets with heterogeneous taxon coverage. We used a dataset comprising 2997 genes derived from the transcriptomes of 30 species and Sanger sequences of seven genes for 498 species. The backbone phylogeny was mainly inferred from the transcriptomic data, whereas the Sanger nucleotide sequence data provided high species density for divergence time estimation and diversification analyses. Our results show that the biogeographic pattern we observe today is primarily more likely shaped by long-distance over-land dispersal than by vicariance. We inferred that the ancestors of extant stoneflies originated in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 265 Ma and were presumably restricted to this area due to climatic and geographic boundaries. Our analyses suggest that with the break-up of Pangaea around 200 Ma and the associated climatic and geographical changes, two groups of stoneflies, the Anarctoperlaria and the Notonemouridae, dispersed to Gondwana and subsequently went extinct on the northern continents. Both groups likely dispersed across Gondwana before its break-up into the modern continents. At least one member of another group of 'northern' stoneflies, the Acroneuriinae, seems to have migrated from North America to South America around 67 Ma. We found four major net diversification rate shifts, indicating rapid radiation patterns that hampered a robust phylogenetic placement of these stonefly groups. Our study provides the first conclusive evolutionary explanation for the unique distribution pattern of stoneflies.</p>
FIGURES 7–8 in Dracoleuctra, a new wingless stonefly genus from southern Oregon, U.S.A. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
FIGURES 7–8. Dracoleuctra siskiyou: 7. Male terminalia, dorsal, partially cleared, segment nine removed. 8. Male paraprocts, ventral, partially cleared.
FIGURES 5–6 in Dracoleuctra, a new wingless stonefly genus from southern Oregon, U.S.A. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
FIGURES 5–6. Dracoleuctra siskiyou: 5. Male terminalia, dorsal. 6. Male terminalia, ventral, partially cleared, segment nine removed.
FIGURES 1–4 in Dracoleuctra, a new wingless stonefly genus from southern Oregon, U.S.A. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
FIGURES 1–4. Dracoleuctra siskiyou: 1. Thorax, dorsal. 2. Thorax, ventral. 3. Female abdomen, dorsal. 4. Female terminalia, ventral. Bs = probasisternum; Fs = profurcasternum; MBs = mesobasisternum; MeBs = Metabasisternum; MePrs = Metapresternum; MFs = mesofurcasternum; Mg = marginal groove of pronotum; MPfs = Mesopostfurcasternum; MPrs = Mesopresternum; MSs1 = Mesospinasternum 1; MSs2 = Mesospinasternum 2; Pfs = propostfurcasternum; Pn = central disc of pronotum; Psc = mesoprescutum; Pscl = mesopostscutellum; Prs = propresternum; Sct = mesoscutum.
FIGURES 15–20 in Dracoleuctra, a new wingless stonefly genus from southern Oregon, U.S.A. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
FIGURES 15–20. Siskiyou Spring: 15. Spring head. 16. Spring creek/seep. 17. Spring creek. 18. Spring creek and Sitka Alders. 19. Sitka Alder stand covering wetted area, 28 April 2020. 20. Sitka Alder stand covering wetted area, 2 July 2020.
FIGURES 9–14 in Dracoleuctra, a new wingless stonefly genus from southern Oregon, U.S.A. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
FIGURES 9–14. Dracoleuctra siskiyou: 9. Male terminalia, dorsal. 10. Male terminalia, ventral. 11. Male terminalia, caudal. 12. Paraprocts, frontal. 13. Paraproct tips, lateral. 14. Female terminalia, ventral.
FIGURE 6 in Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a stonefly genus new to the fauna of China
FIGURE 6. Zapada kondratieffi sp. nov., holotype, male terminalia after NaOH treatment, A. dorsal view; B. detail of tergum 10, dorsal view; C–D. dorsolateral view; E. lateral view; F. caudal view. Abbreviations: T, abdominal tergum; ce = cerci; pp = paraproct; ep = epiproct; ve = vesicle.
FIGURE 5 in Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a stonefly genus new to the fauna of China
FIGURE 5. Zapada kondratieffi sp. nov., holotype, male abdomen before NaOH treatment, A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. lateral view; D. caudal view. Abbreviations: T, abdominal tergum; ST, abdominal sternum; ce = cerci; pp = paraproct; ep = epiproct; ve = vesicle; hp = hypoproct.
FIGURE 4 in Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a stonefly genus new to the fauna of China
FIGURE 4. Zapada kondratieffi sp. nov., holotype, A. male head and thorax, ventral view; B–C. details of cervical gills. Abbreviations: mp = maxillary palp; lp = labial palp; cg = cervical gill; cs = cervical sclerite.
FIGURE 1 in Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), a stonefly genus new to the fauna of China
FIGURE 1. Zapada kondratieffi sp. nov., A–B. map of collecting site; C. habitat stream in Siguniang Mountain Scenic Area, Sichuan Province, China.
FIGURE 60 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 60. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Tyloperla bilobata Mo, Wang & Li, 2020. b. Tyloperla courtneyi Stark & Sivec, 2005. c. Tyloperla sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993. d. Cerconychia multiseta Mo, Liu & Li, 2021. e. Styloperla jiangxiensis Yang & Yang, 1990. f. Styloperla spinicercia Wu, 1935.
FIGURE 58 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 58. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperlops gressitti Banks, 1939. b. Neoperlops triangulatus Mo, Wang, Li & Murányi, 2020. c. Paragnetina insignis Banks, 1939. d. Sinacroneuria obscura Li & Murányi, 2017. e. Sinacroneuria wui (Yang & Yang, 1998). f. Togoperla canilimbata (Enderlein, 1909).
FIGURE 57 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 57. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperla truncata Wu, 1948. b. Neoperla wui Yang & Yang, 1990. c. Neoperla xuansongae Li & Li, 2013. d. Neoperla yao Stark, 1987. e. Neoperla yentu Cao & Bae, 2007. f. Neoperlops cheni (Wu, 1938).
FIGURE 56 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 56. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperla shangsiensis Mo, Wang, Li & Murányi, 2021. b. Neoperla shiwandashana Mo, Yao, Wang & Li, 2019. c. Neoperla similidella Li & Wang, 2013. d. Neoperla similidelphina Mo, Li & Murányi, 2021. e. Neoperla tadpolata Li & Murányi, 2014. f. Neoperla transversprojecta Du & Sivec, 2004.
FIGURE 53 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 53. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperla delphina Li, Mo & Wang, 2020. b. Neoperla falcatata Mo, Wang, Li & Murányi, 2021. c. Neoperla fanjingshana Yang & Yang, 1992. d. Neoperla furcostyla Li & Qin, 2013. e. Neoperla guangxiensis Du & Sivec, 2004. f. Neoperla henana Li, Wu & Zhang, 2011.
FIGURE 59 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 59. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Togoperla condyla Li & DeWalt, 2012. b. Togoperla noncoloris Du & Chou, 1999. c. Togoperla perpicta Klapálek, 1921. d. Togoperla totanigra Du & Chou, 1999. e. Togoperla triangulata Du & Chou, 1999. f. Togoperla tricolor Klapálek, 1921.
FIGURE 52 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 52. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperla bicolor Yang, Zhang & Li, 2017. b. Neoperla bilineata Wu & Claassen, 1934. c. Neoperla cavaleriei (Navás, 1922). d. Neoperla chebalinga Chen & Du, 2016. e. Neoperla curvilobata Mo, Wang & Li, 2020. f. Neoperla curvispina Wu, 1948.
FIGURE 55 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 55. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Neoperla mesospina Li & Wang, 2013. b. Neoperla mnong Stark, 1987. c. Neoperla muranyii Yang, Zhang & Li, 2017. d. Neoperla pani Chen & Du, 2016. e. Neoperla quadrispina Li, Mo & Wang, 2020. f. Neoperla rotunda Wu, 1948.
FIGURE 51 in Review and contribution to the stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with new species and new records from South China
FIGURE 51. Distribution of Plecoptera in cities of Guangxi. a. Kamimuria cheni Wu, 1948. b. Kamimuria extremispina Du, 2006. c. Kamimuria guangxia Li & Wang, 2013. d. Kamimuria longispina Wu, 1948. e. Kamimuria taoi Wu, 1936. f. Kamimuria tergistigma Du, 2004.
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