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Figure 9 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Figure 9. Labium of larvae with chewing (A–B) and piercing-sucking (C–D) feeding system, dorsal view. A, Enochrus sp., first-instar larva, SEM micrograph. B, Derallus sp., first-instar larva, SEM micrograph. C, Berosus sp., third-instar larva, SEM micrograph. D, Oocyclus sapphirus Short & García, 2010, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph.

Figure 3. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Figure 3. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C, Berosus patruelis Berg, 1885, first-instar larva, SEM micrograph: A, left mandible, ventral view; B, detail of mandibular teeth, ventral view; C, right mandible, dorsal view. D–F, Laccobius hammondi Gentili, 1984, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: D, left mandible; E, detail of mandibular teeth; F, right mandible. G–I, Oocyclus iguazu (Oliva, 1996) third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view; G, left mandible; H, detail of mandibular teeth; I, right mandible.

Figure 4. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Figure 4. Piercing-sucking mandibles. A–C, Hybogralius hartmeyeri (Régimbart, 1908), third-instar larva, light microscope photographs, dorsal view: A, left mandible; B, detail of mandibular teeth; C, right mandible. D–F, Epimetopus mendeli Fikáček et al. 2011, first-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: D, left mandible; E, detail of mandibular teeth; F, right mandible. Abbreviations: rc1, first retinaculum; rc2, second retinaculum; rc3, third retinaculum; pt, prostheca.

Figure 2 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Figure 2. Chewing mandibles, SEM micrograph, dorsal view. A, Derallus sp., first-instar larva. B, Enochrus sp., firstinstar larva. C, Tropisternus sp., second-instar larva. D, Hydrophilus (Dibolocelus) palpalis Brullé, 1837, first-instar larva. E, Dactylosternum cacti (LeConte, 1855), third-instar larva. F, Cercyon quisquilius (Linnaeus, 1761), third-instar larva. Abbreviations: rc1, first retinaculum; rc2, second retinaculum; rc3, third retinaculum.

Figure 7 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Figure 7. Labroclypeal region of Laccobius larvae. A, B, Laccobius kunashiricus Shatrovskiy, 1984, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: A, labroclypeus; B, left epistomal lobe. C–E, Laccobius (Microlaccobius) sp., third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: C, left epistomal lobe; D; detail of gFR2 setae; E, seta-like cuticular projections of the latero-ventral membranous lobe. Abbreviations: EpLb, epistomal lobe; NS, nasale. Colours: light blue, frontoclypeal region; green, gFR1, group of sensilla of nasale; violet, gFR2, group of sensilla of epistomal lobe.

FIGURES 39–42 in New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

FIGURES 39–42. Behavior and morphology of exocrine secretion delivery systems of Hydraena and Ochthebius. 39–40) Hydraena americana Jäch. 39) Schematic. a) Beetle balanced on edge, tibiae of the right legs resting on the surface of a wet leaf, the left legs performing secretion-grooming. b) Secretion-grooming movements of left tibiae (note pivotal role of middle leg). c) Locations of exocrine gland pore areas. 40) Venter of left side of prothorax, external and internal, showing components of exocrine secretion delivery system. 41) Ochthebius arenicolus Perkins, ventral aspect of head and prothorax. 42) Ochthebius glaber Montes & Soler, ventral aspect of left side of head and adjacent area of prothorax, showing external cuticular features of antennal pocket and internal end-apparatus and ductules. For more context and SEMs see Perkins (1997).

FIGURES 34–35. Habitus and male genitalia.34 in New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

FIGURES 34–35. Habitus and male genitalia.34. Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) falli (Perkins).35. Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) fossatus LeConte.

FIGURE 33 in New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

FIGURE 33. Ochthebius (Asiobates) cascadeus, new species, holotype habitus and aedeagus (inset: aedeagal apex of Ochthebius (Asiobates) mimicus Brown).

FIGURES 43–44 in New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

FIGURES 43–44. Behavior and morphology of exocrine secretion delivery system of Limnebius. 43) Limnebius piceus Horn, schematic, beetle balanced on edge, tibiae of the left legs resting on the surface of a wet leaf, the right legs performing secretiongrooming, anterior (left) and posterior aspects; dorsal areas groomed by legs: a) protibia and protarsus, b) protibia, c) mesotibia, d) metatibia and metatarsus. 44) Limnebius truncatellus (Thunberg). Head and adjacent area of prothorax, ventral aspect of left side showing external cuticular features and internal end-apparatus and ductules of exocrine glands. For more context and SEMs see Perkins (1997).

FIGURE 13 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 13. Elytral lateral surface of Oocyclus spp. a) O. ovalis sp. n.; b) O. sulcatus sp. n.; led = Longitudinal elytral depression.

FIGURE 9 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 9. Oocyclus thrixdiastematus sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d) arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 8. Oocyclus sulcatus sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b), lateral habitus (c); antero-dorsal view (d); arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 11. Aedeagi of Oocyclus spp in dorsal view: (a) O. ecolab sp. n. (holotype), (b) O. espinhacu sp. n. (paratype), (c) O. giganteus sp. n. (holotype), (d) O. humboldti sp. n. (paratype), (e) O. lacia sp. n. (holotype), (f) O. ovalis sp. n. (holotype), (g) O. sulcatus sp. n. (paratype), (h) O. thrixdiastematus sp. n. (holotype), (i) O. thysanus sp. n. (paratype).

FIGURE 7 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 7. Oocyclus ovalis sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d) arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 6. Oocyclus lacia sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d) arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 10. Oocyclus thysanus sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d), arrow indicates prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 3. Oocyclus espinhacu sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d) arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 2. Oocyclus ecolab sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d), arrow indicates prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 4. Oocyclus giganteus sp. n., dorsal (a), ventral (b) and, lateral habitus (c), antero-dorsal view (d) arrow indicates the prosternal carina (e) (paratype). Scale bar: a, b and c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.5 mm and e = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 12 in New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield

FIGURE 12. Elytral detail of Oocyclus spp. a) O. thysanus sp. n.; b) O. thrixdiastematus sp. n.; c) O. ovalis sp. n.; d) O. sulcatus sp. n.; spr = systematic punctures row; int = elytral interval. Note in most cases, the rows of systematic punctures can be detected by the presence of the setae; int1 is the sutural interval.