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2,001 results for “x-rays”
FIGURE 7 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 7. Three-dimensional visualization of a shell of the recent Foraminifera Amphistegina sp. illustrating the potential of micro-CT in investigations of recent marine shelled organisms. (A) A surface view of the whole shell. (B) A transversal section through the whole shell (C, D) Details of the shells´s surface.
FIGURE 5 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 5. Minute conulariid specimen. (A) Conulariid specimen of Archaeoconularia fecunda and trepostome bryozoan colony; coated with ammonium chloride, no. NMP L21990, locality Loděnice, Upper Ordovician, Zahořany Formation (lower Katian) (B) Micro-CT visualizing of inner surfaces. Scale bar equals 5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 3. Siliceous nodules of the Šárka Formation. (A, B) Pricyclopyge binodosa, complete trilobite, no. NMP L 35055, locality Praha-Šárka, Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian), (A) Enrolled trilobite coated with ammonium chloride, exterior of objects. (B) Micro-CT image showing dense burrows, interior of objects. (C, D) Rostrum with eyes of a trilobite P. binodosa, no. NMP L46892, locality Praha-Šárka, Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian). (C) Rostrum coated with ammonium chloride, exterior of objects. (D) Micro-CT visualization of tunnels, interior of objects. (E) Bivalve Redonia deshayesi, micro-CT image showing trace fossils, interior of objects, no. NMP L 51722, locality Osek, Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian). All scale bars equal 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 2. Custom-made holders specially adapted for each scanned specimen. (A) Plastic cup. (B) Polystyrene holder. (C) Aluminum holder for small specimens. (D) Plastic tube filled with polystyrene.
FIGURE 1 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 1. (A) Single x-ray projection. Schematic representation of positioning of the investigated object inside x-ray device. (B) Multiple x-ray projections as the object rotates. Positioning of investigated object inside micro-CT device. (C) Example of 3D dataset, i.e., a group of 2D slice images acquired by the MicroCT scanner. (D) Examples of Volume rendering; technique in visualization and computer graphics, used to display object from 3D data set in different aspects and orientations.
FIGURE 6 in Benefits and limits of x-ray micro-computed tomography for visualization of colonization and bioerosion of shelled organisms
FIGURE 6. Tube fragments of the serpulid polychaete Pyrgopolon (Pyrgopolon) deforme. Left images show exterior of objects; right images show interior of objects. (A) Specimen encrusted with bryozoan colonies and serpulid worms, boreholes assigned to Entobia Bronn, 1837, representing the most common ichnogenus in the examined serpulid tubes, no. MHNLM EMV 2016.3.14. (B) Intensely bored specimen preserving tunnels of ichnogenera Entobia and Trypanites Mägdefrau, 1932, no. MHNLM EMV 2016.3.44. (C) Serpulid tube with Entobia boreholes and encrusting juvenile oyster, no. MHNLM EMV 2016.3.40. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Figure 3 in X-ray microtomography of the late Carboniferous whip scorpions (Arachnida, Thelyphonida) Geralinura britannica and Proschizomus petrunkevitchi
Figure 3. Results of the cladistic analysis presented herein under equal weights parsimony and Bayesian inference. Top: topology within the pantetrapulmonates, in particular between the Haptopoda, Amblypygi, Thelyphopnida and Schizomida, in both parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Bottom: the relationships recovered for all arachnid and chelicerate orders using the topology from the Bayesian analysis (the arachnid-wide parsimony topology is included in the Supplemental material). Support values are bootstrap/ jackknife (parsimony) or posterior probabilities (Bayesian); plotted against geological time using equal branch lengths between fossil taxa (see Methods). Taxon images either drawn for this publication, or from Lozano-Fernandez et al. (2019).
Experimental X-ray Diffraction Data for "Cooling-Induced Order-Disorder Phase Transition in CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Superlattices"
<p>Experimental X-ray diffraction data: </p> <p>-- temperature-dependent diffraction patterns (theta:2theta, rocking curves) for C18 and C8 CsPbBr3 nanocrystal superlattice samples;</p> <p>-- room temperature diffraction patterns (theta:2theta, rocking curves) for C6, C8, C10, C12, and C18 CsPbBr3 nanocrystal superlattices;</p> <p>in all files, first column is angle in degrees and the second column is intensity.</p>
[Data] Acoustic emission signature of martensitic transformation in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V-Fe, supported by operando X-ray diffraction
<p>The dataset for this study focuses on investigating Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process, using premixed Ti6Al4V-(x wt%) Fe, where x = 0, 3, and 6. By employing a structure-borne AE sensor, we analyze AE data statistically, uncovering notable discrepancies within the 50-750 kHz frequency range. Leveraging Machine Learning (ML) methodologies, we accurately predict composition for particular processing conditions. These fluctuations in AE signals primarily arise from unique microstructural alterations linked to martensitic phase transformation, corroborated by operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and post-mortem SEM and EBSD analysis. Moreover, cracks are evident at the periphery of the printed parts, stemming from local inadequate heat input during the blending of Ti6Al4V with added Fe powder. These cracks are discerned via AE signals subsequent to the cessation of the laser beam, correlating with the presence of brittle intermetallics at their junction. This study highlights for the first time the potential of AE monitoring in reliably detecting footprints of martensitic transformations during the LPBF process. Additionally, AE is shown to prove valuable for assessing crack formations, particularly in scenarios involving premixed powders and necessitating precise selection of processing parameters, notably at part edges.</p>
X-ray linear dichroic tomography of crystallographic and topological defects
<p>Open Data for "X-ray linear dichroic tomography of crystallographic and topological defects" published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08233-y">Nature <strong>636</strong>, 354 (2024) </a></p> <div> </div> <div>Full citation:</div> <div>A. Apseros, V. Scagnoli, M. Holler, M. Guizar-Sicairos, Z. Gao, C. Appel, L. J. Heyderman, C. Donnelly & J. Ihli </div> <div>X-ray linear dichroic tomography of crystallographic and topological defects.</div> <div><em>Nature <strong>636</strong>, 354</em> (2024).</div> <div>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08233-y</div>
Overcoming the Probing-Depth Dilemma in Spectroscopic Analyses of Batteries with Muon-Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE)
<p>Datasets used in the publication "Overcoming the Probing-Depth Dilemma in Spectroscopic Analyses of Batteries with Muon-Induced X-ray Emission (MIXE)".</p> <p>fig_2: MIXE spectra of (a) an empty laminated Al pouch, (b) a Li metal foil in a laminated Al pouch, (c) a NMC622 electrode in a laminated Al pouch</p> <p>fig_3: MIXE spectrum of a NMC811 electrode in a laminated Al pouch, measured at 23.8 MeV/c</p> <p>fig_4b: Muon stopping profile simulated using PHITS for the cell geometry depicted in Figure 4a of the main manuscript</p> <p>fig_4c: Depth-resolved MIXE spectra of a NMC811||graphite Li-ion battery. Raw data at the 11 momenta measured, and table with the integrated peak areas for selected (K-L) lines.</p> <p><strong><em>Update in version 2: raw datasets now have one energy column for each momentum. The datasets are of different lengths for each momentum and there was and error in copying the data in version 1. </em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>fig_4c: Table with calculated elemental ratios of the different transition metals (Ni, Mn and Co), at the momenta corresponding to implantation in the NMC811 electrode</p> <p>fig_s2: MIXE spectrum of a NMC622 electrode in a laminated Al pouch, measured at 23.0 MeV/c</p> <p>fig_s3: MIXE spectrum of a NMC111 electrode in a laminated Al pouch, measured at 22.8 MeV/c</p> <p>fig_s4_s5_simulations: Raw data of the muon implantation simulations for the NMC811/graphite cell </p> <p><strong><em>Update in version 2: added fig_s4_s5_simulations file</em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>fig_s6: Labelled MIXE spectra (all peaks identified) of a NMC811 electrode in a laminated Al pouch, measured at 24.0, 26.0 and 28.0 MeV/c</p>
Testing Protocols for Obtaining Reliable PDFs from Laboratory x-ray Sources Using PDFgetX3
<p>In this work, we explored data acquisition protocols and improved data reduction protocols using PDFgetX3 to obtain reliable data for atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis from a laboratory-based Mo x-ray source. A variable counting scheme is described that preferentially counts in the high-angle region of the diffraction pattern. The effects on the resulting PDF are studied by varying the overall count time, the use of Soller slits, and limiting the out-of-plane divergence of the incident beam. The protocols are tested using an amorphous silica and a quartz sample. We also present a modification to the current PDFgetX3 data corrections to take care of sample absorption, which was previously neglected in the use of that program for high-energy synchrotron x-ray data. We show that, despite limitations in the Q-range and flux of laboratory instruments, reasonable data for PDF model fits may be obtained using the best protocols in a few hours of counting. </p>
Supplementary material for the paper EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY DRIVEN PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF GASEOUS EXOPLANETS - Chemical network details
<p>Supplementary material for the paper</p> <p>EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY DRIVEN PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF GASEOUS EXOPLANETS</p> <p>by Locci et al. 2021, submitted to PSJ (R1 version)</p> <p>This document contains the complete list of the chemical reactions included in the model: bimolecular reactions (neutral-neutral and ion-neutral) in Table 1, termolecular reactions in Table 2, thermodissociative reactions in Table 3, reverse reactions in Table 4, and finally photochemical reactions in Table 5.</p>
Optical polarimetric observations of low-mass X-ray black hole binary MAXI J1820+070 during 2019-2021
<p>The dataset contains raw polarimetric FITS images of the low-mass X-ray black hole binary <a href="https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11399">MAXI J1820+070</a> (and surrounding field), obtained by the <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abc74f">DIPol-UF </a>optical CCD polarimeter in three (BVR) filters while mounted on the 2.56m <a href="https://www.not.iac.es">Nordic Optical Telescope</a>. The data were collected over 5 observing runs throughout 2019--2021. During each observing night, a set of calibration images were also obtained. These typically include 7 dark and 7 bias images per filter per night (sometimes more if weather conditions or instrument settings changed during observations). Bias and dark FITS files have `_bias` or `_dark` labels in their names, as well as FITS key `IMAGETYP` set to either `Bias Frame` or `Dark Frame`, respectively.</p>
X-ray crystallographic data of second extracellular domain of human tetraspanin CD9
<p>These X-ray diffraction data are of a crystal of the second extracellular domain of human tetraspanin CD9. The data show remarkable features that stem from twinning and concurrent diffuse scattering in streaked directions perpendicular to the twinning interface. The structure is described in [Oosterheert et al. (2020). Life Sci. Alliance, 3, e202000883] and is deposited in the PDB under accession code 6rlr.</p> <p>The raw data are described in details in IUCrData as a Raw Data Letter [Neviani et al., IUCrData (2022].</p> <p>The .h5 files are as they were originally recorded at Diamond Light Source at beamline I04. The images were converted to separate CBF files by a local script at DLS and compressed in the tar.bz2 file.</p>
Trajectory with Overlapping Projections x-ray Computed Tomography (TOP-CT) dataset of 23 mandarins moving over a circular trajectory
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p><p>This dataset is a collection of X-ray projection images of 23 mandarins moving over a circular trajectory in such a way that the projections of multiple adjacent mandarins overlap. The dataset was acquired to test out Trajectory with Overlapping Projections x-ray Computed Tomography (TOP-CT), about which a paper is published in IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging [Schut 2022].</p><p> </p><p><strong>Description</strong></p><p><i>Sample information</i></p><p>The samples are 23 mandarins. The first 10 are of the Nadorcott cultivar, and the remaining 13 are of the Clemenrubi cultivar. The diameter of the mandarins ranges between 50 and 58 mm. Per sample metadata can be found in the mandarin_metadata.csv file.</p><p><i>Scanner information</i></p><p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p><p><i>Scanning geometry</i></p><p>The mandarins were moved according to a custom scanning protocol, with the intention to simulate a conveyor belt setup. A wooden disk was attached on top of the rotation stage and six evenly spaced object positions were marked on the disk at a fixed distance from the center of rotation. Pieces of cardboard tube were used as sample holders to make sure the mandarins wouldn't roll as the disk would rotate and to raise them from the disk without attenuating too much of the X-ray signal. The rotation stage was positioned in such a way that over a full rotation of the disk, each mandarin would be completely in view of the detector for more than 180 degrees of the rotation, while there would also be a position at which it would be completely out of view. An image illustrating the exact dimensions is included in mandarin_carousel_dimensions.png.</p><p>The scan was performed in phases. Every phase 400 projection images were acquired, while rotating the disk for 60 degrees. This would rotate one of the positions out of view of the scanning setup. Before the first 6 phases a mandarin was added on the position that was out of view of the setup. For the phases after that the position that would be out of view would contain a mandarin that had rotated the full circle so that mandarin was replaced with a new mandarin. At the last 6 phases there would be no new mandarins left to add so the mandarin that was out of view of the setup would only be removed. The projection images acquired from each phase were concatenated resulting in a dataset of 11200 projections. At most 5 mandarins were in view at a given time.</p><p>Note: Due to a small oversight while scanning, the 19th mandarin is not included on projections 9200-9205. This area can be masked out during reconstruction.</p><p><i>Scanning settings</i></p><p>A peak voltage of 90kV was used, the target power was set to 49.5W and the spectrum was pre-filtered using 0.1mm of copper. An exposure time of 200 ms was used for each projection. A start-stop acquisition scheme was used to minimize vibrations and to make adding and removing mandarins easier: After each projection image was acquired, the stage was rotated to a new position and the scanner was paused for 200 ms before acquiring the next projection image. Darkfield and flatfield images were acquired before and after all the mandarins were scanned using the average over 200 images. 2x2 pixel hardware binning was used and all images were cropped to a 500 pixel high region around the center, resulting in 11200 projection images of 956x500 pixels (11.1GB uncompressed). All images are stored in .tif format.</p><p><i>Reconstructing volumes</i></p><p>The repository <a href="https://github.com/D1rk123/top-ct_experiments">https://github.com/D1rk123/top-ct_experiments</a> contains code for TOP-CT simulations and reconstructions. The script mandarin_carousel_experiment.py was specifically written to reconstruct volumes for each separate mandarin from this dataset.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Research group</strong><br>These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p><p><strong>Contact details</strong><br>dirk [dot] schut [at] cwi [dot] nl</p><p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br>This work was funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the UTOPIA project (ENWSS.2018.003). The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[Schut 2022] D. E. Schut, K. J. Batenburg, R. van Liere, and T. van Leeuwen, "TOP-CT: Trajectory with Overlapping Projections X-ray Computed Tomography", 2022, IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging<br>[Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, "Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory," J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p><p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, please consider citing the first article.</p>
In vitro mutation induction: a database of x-ray and particle irradiation experiments
<p>The database presents a collection of <em>in vitro</em> mutation induction data after photon and particle beam irradiation. The experiments included in the database were all performed by means of the <em>hprt</em> mutation assay. The collection was based on extensive literature search, and contains data published in the time period from 1977 to 2002.</p> <p>As better described in the README file, the database provides information on RBE for cell killing and mutation induction, as well as dose response curves raw data for both endpoints, as digitised (when available) from the original publication.</p> <p>This study is part of a manuscript that was submitted for publication in April 2022.</p>
Electron concentration profiles calculated using different plasma chemical models during solar X-ray flares
<p>The files contain electron concentration <em>Ne</em> profiles during solar X-ray flares that occurred on 24-25 October 2013 and 9-11 June 2014. The altitude range is 50-90 km.</p> <p>Values of electron concentration were calculated using four-, five- and eight-component models of the ionospheric D-region. Results are obtained on four VLF paths: from European transmitters ICV, FTA, GQD, DHO to Mikhnevo geophysical observatory (55°N 38°E).</p> <p>The data is presented as MATLAB files. Each .mat file contains data and variable "description" with data's structure information.</p>
IODP Expedition 372A X-ray diffraction (XRD)
<p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to identify minerals and their proportions in sediment or hard rock sample powders on a Bruker AXS D4 Endeavor X-ray diffractometer. Results are returned as diffractograms in a viewable format (either PDF or PNG).</p>
IODP Expedition 374 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
<p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to identify minerals and their proportions in sediment or hard rock sample powders on a Bruker AXS D4 Endeavor X-ray diffractometer. Results are returned as diffractograms in a viewable format (either PDF or PNG).</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.