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FIGURE 4 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 4. Male Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 collaris morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Cat's Hill, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 138. B, Arima Valley, near Asa Wright Nature Centre, 23.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 139. C, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith DNA163. Life size.

FIGURE 8 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 8. Calodesma sp(p). (unresolved barcodes) females red morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Rio Claro–Guayaguayare Road, milestones 4–5, 17.ix.1978, M.J.W. Cock. B, Arima–Blanchisseuse Road, milestone 9, Textel Road, 11.x.1979, M.J.W. Cock. Life size.

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I., Cat's Hill, at eupatorium flowers, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, holotype, ♁ DNA 137. B, paratype ♁, DNA 135, dissection 1001. C, allotype ♀, DNA 143. Life size.

FIGURE 10 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Calodesma spp. from Trinidad, W.I. Top row, C. pseudocollaris new species, paratype, Trinidad, W.I., Cat's Hill, eupatorium flowers, 24.ix.2017, John Morrall [MJWC, DNA 135, dissection 1001]. Middle row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660 collaris morph, Parrylands, eupatorium flowers, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith [MJWC, DNA 162, dissection 1003]. Bottom row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660 dioptis morph, data as middle row [MJWC, DNA 161, dissection 1004]. Each row from left to right: dorsal view; ventral view; lateral view from left; aedeagus lateral view from left; aedeagus ventral or ventro-lateral view.

FIGURE 2 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 2. Types of Calodesma spp. (2). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, ST = syntype, PT = paratype, T = unspecified type. Not to scale. The Druce, Stoll and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, and the Dognin type is in USNM; with permission.

FIG. 8 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 8. Tragus of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (ZMMU S-172585); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164505); C — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype); D — M. pusillus (ZMMU S-172595)

FIG. 2 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 2. Plot of the first two components of a principal component (PC) analysis for craniodental measurements of the Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka (M. philipsii sp. nov. — blue circle; M. fuliginosus — green circle; M. magnater — black circle; M. pusillus — purple circle). Arrow points to holotype. See Table 2 for the variables used in this analysis and the loadings on PC1 and PC2

FIG. 3 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 3. Map of South and Southeast Asia showing sampling localities of M. phillipsi sp. nov. and Miniopterus specimens of mainland Asia mentioned in this study with biomes of ecoregions (Dinerstein et al., 2017). Type locality of M. phillipsi sp. nov. is marked by a black star

FIG. 1 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 1. Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree of the COI gene of Asian Miniopterus species. Dark circles depict nodes with Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap support ≥ 70. The outgroup Chaerephon plicatus is not shown. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site

FIG. 7 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 7. Ventral aspect of cranium of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)

FIG. 5 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 5. Dorsal aspect of cranium of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)

, phillipsi holotype. the M of of Measurements Measurements. . n purposes size sample comparative and , range for , SD shown ± 0 are as presented Lanka Sri and Measurements India in authors . occurring Lanka different Sri, Idulgashinna Miniopterus of of assortment from species an . by nov other. sp and specimens phillipsi species other . M new the of ) the while mm of (, TK measurements individuals by taken other were Cranial and types . 4. ABLE paratypes nov. T sp in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

, phillipsi holotype. the M of of Measurements Measurements. . n purposes size sample comparative and , range for , SD shown ± 0 are as presented Lanka Sri and Measurements India in authors . occurring Lanka different Sri, Idulgashinna Miniopterus of of assortment from species an . by nov other. sp and specimens phillipsi species other . M new the of ) the while mm of (, TK measurements individuals by taken other were Cranial and types . 4. ABLE paratypes nov. T sp

FIG. 6 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka

FIG. 6. Lateral aspect of cranium and mandible of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)

FIGURE 1 in Actinarctus doryphorus (Tanarctidae) DNA barcodes and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Arthrotardigrada with new A. doryphorus and Echiniscoididae sequences

FIGURE 1. Actinarctus doryphorus specimens sampled at Roscoff, France, of which the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 18S and 28S rDNA fragments were amplified. Light microscopic images of live animals. Characteristics of the species include e.g. telescopic legs (le) with four-terminal toes (to), the cuticular wing-like structure (alae), which contains epicuticular pillars (pi) and a set of head appendages, including external cirri (ec), internal cirri (ic) and primary clavae (pc) (see Persson et al. 2019 for more details). A. Specimen 06, presumably female. B. Specimen 07, presumably juvenile. C. Specimen 08, presumably male. D. Specimen 10, presumably juvenile. E. Specimen 12, female. F. Specimen 17, presumably juvenile. G. Specimen 18, presumably female. H. Specimen 22, presumably male. I. Specimen 23, presumably male. COI was obtained from all specimens, 18S from specimen no. 08, 10, 12, 17 and 18, and 28S from specimen no. 08 and 10. Specimens in A, C, E, F, H and I are seen ventrally, whereas B, D and G are seen dorsally. Anterior is up (and left in D, F). Pharyngeal bulb (pb), sensory organ of the fourth leg (p4). Scale bar = 20 µm in D, F otherwise 30 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Actinarctus doryphorus (Tanarctidae) DNA barcodes and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Arthrotardigrada with new A. doryphorus and Echiniscoididae sequences

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree inferred from BI analyses of the combined 18S/28S rDNA dataset. Unavailable 18S sequences were substituted with N's (indicated by "no 18S"). Actinarctus doryphorus is placed together with Tanarctus and Arthrotardigrada is inferred to be paraphyletic. Posterior probabilities (upper value) relating to BI analyses and bootstrap values (lower) from ML analyses are shown at the nodes. (–) indicates bootstrap values <50.

FIGURE 3 in Actinarctus doryphorus (Tanarctidae) DNA barcodes and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Arthrotardigrada with new A. doryphorus and Echiniscoididae sequences

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree inferred from BI analyses of the 18S rDNA dataset. Arthrotardigrada is inferred to be paraphyletic. Posterior probabilities (upper value) relating to BI analyses and bootstrap values (lower) from ML analyses are shown at the nodes. (–) indicates bootstrap values <50.

FIGURE 2 in Actinarctus doryphorus (Tanarctidae) DNA barcodes and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Arthrotardigrada with new A. doryphorus and Echiniscoididae sequences

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree inferred from BI analyses of the 28S rDNA dataset. Actinarctus doryphorus is placed together with Tanarctus sequences within a maximum supported Tanarctidae. Arthrotardigrada is inferred to be paraphyletic. Posterior probabilities (upper value) relating to BI analyses and bootstrap values (lower) from ML analyses are shown at the nodes. (–) indicates bootstrap values <50.

FIGURE 59 in Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the Baikal region: identification keys and annotated catalogue with notes to DNA barcoding. Part 2. Archiearinae, Geometrinae, Sterrhinae

FIGURE 59. Adults of some Siberian Sterrhinae in live. A—Scopula dignata (male); B—S. decorata (male); C—S. virgulata (male); D—S. beckeraria (male); E—S. subpunctaria (female); F—S. albiceraria (male). Photos by Marya Dementyeva (Irkutsk).

FIGURE 58 in Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the Baikal region: identification keys and annotated catalogue with notes to DNA barcoding. Part 2. Archiearinae, Geometrinae, Sterrhinae

FIGURE 58. Adults of some Siberian Sterrhinae in live. A—Rhodostrophia vibicaria (male); B—R. jacularia (male); C— Idaea falckii (female); D—I. sylvestraria (male); E—I. pallidata (male); F—S. permutata (male). Photos by Marya Dementyeva (Irkutsk).

FIGURE 57 in Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the Baikal region: identification keys and annotated catalogue with notes to DNA barcoding. Part 2. Archiearinae, Geometrinae, Sterrhinae

FIGURE 57. Adults of some Siberian Geometrinae in live. A—Thetidia chlorophyllaria (male); B–D—H. zimmermanni (B— male, C, D—females); E—Chlorissa viridata (male); F—Thalera chlorosaria (male). Photos by Marya Dementyeva (Irkutsk).