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Figures 57–58 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 57–58. Workers of Scaptotrigona Moure. 57. Lateral habitus of Scaptotrigona baldwini, new species. 58. Lateral habitus of S. santiago, new species.

Figures 21–23 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 21–23. Worker of Scaptotrigona extranea, new species. 21. Lateral habitus. 22. Dorsal habitus. 23. Facial view.

Figures 47–48 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 47–48. Worker of Scaptotrigona tatacoensis, new species. 47. Dorsal, slightly oblique, view of head. 48. Prolateral surface of metatibia, metatarsus, and metapretarsus.

Figures 15–17 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 15–17. Worker of Scaptotrigona gonzalezi, new species. 15. Lateral habitus, lighter worker. 16. Facial view, lighter worker. 17. Mesosomal dorsum, lighter worker.

Figures 53–56 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 53–56. Workers of Scaptotrigona illescasi, new species. 53. Facial view, darker individual. 54. Facial view, lighter individual. 55. Mesosomal dorsum, darker individual. 56. Mesosomal dorsum, lighter individual.

Figures 34–36 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 34–36. Worker of Scaptotrigona magdalenae, new species, dark morph. 34. Lateral habitus. 35. Dorsal habitus. 36. Facial view.

Figures 12–14 in Notes on South American stingless bees of the genus Scaptotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: Subgroup A of the postica species group

Figures 12–14. Worker of Scaptotrigona gonzalezi, new species. 12. Lateral habitus, darker worker. 13. Facial view, darker worker. 14. Prolateral surface of metatibia, metatarsus, and metapretarsus, darker worker.

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Figure 1 in An overlooked family-group name among bees: Availability of Coelioxoidini (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 1. Female of Coelioxoides waltheriae Ducke from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (University of Kansas Natural History Museum, SEMC 255628).

Fig. 10. A in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 10. A. corticis - Ohfuchi's (1937: fig. 4) three representative forms of his 'P. heteropoda' from Japan that is now a synonym of A. corticis. However, the central figure agrees almost exactly with A. diffringens types (as described herein) having markings just above spermathecal pores (Fig. 9) while the outer two specimens seem to agree with those A. corticis Korean specimens figured that provided DNA sample WO4- WO5 (Figs. 1, 5).

Fig. 6 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 6. Amynthas corticis - specimen from Incheon (NIBRIV261267, DNA sample w59) with enlargements of main characteristics; [boxed are sketches of GMs of two other sympatric specimens - IV261270]. The unusual arrangement of GMs around male pores suggested a new taxon but DNA did not differ from other A. corticis specimens (Fig. 1; Appendix and cf. A. hongkongensis, A. hatomajimensis and A. cruxus).

Fig. 5 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 5. Amynthas corticis - specimen from Korea (DNA sample WO4) showing X2 enlargement of aberrant spermatheca and the male pore 18rhs; second specimen (DNA sample WO5) and [boxed] the male pore 18rhs of third specimen (DNA WO6). Note: these specimens with superficially different GMs comply genetically (see Fig. 1 and cf Fig. 10).

Fig. 12 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 12. Amynthas fornicatus showing Gates' (1935: figs. 5-6) most uninformative and irrelevant details of spermathecae invoking adage "missing the forest for the trees".

Fig. 3. A in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 3. A. carnosus - sketch of Hikone specimen (Tokyo An-460 - DNA JET-112) showing ventral view of anterior and dorsal views of prostomium, clitellum and flared male pores posteriorly (other specimen An-461 and JET samples 113-115 agreed 100%). This specimen resembles P. pingi (cf Fig. 11) but its DNA agrees with A. carnosus (as in Fig. 1).

Fig. 2. A. carnosus - A in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 2. A. carnosus - A. Korean specimen from Geoman (NIBR IV261234 - DNA w37). B. Japanese neotype of A. carnosus (Tokyo An- 435 from Blakemore, 2012a). These two specimens are almost identical morphologically allowing genetic comparison (Fig. 1).

Fig. 11 in Megascolex (Perichaeta) diffringens Baird, 1869 and Pheretima pingi Stephenson, 1925 types compared to the Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) species-groups (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae)

Fig. 11. Pheretima pingi previously dissected syntype (London BMNH 1924.11.29.5) showing habitus, prostomium plus spermathecae, caecum and 18lhs prostate in situ with enlargements of spermathecal pores and 18rhs male pore; a spermatheca with parasitic artefacts from 8rhs (removed by Stephenson and placed into a vial) figured separately at two scales and two aspects; [boxed is copy of Stephenson's sketch of same spermatheca (cf more detail in Chen, 1933: fig. 15)]. Compare to Fig. 3.

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Figs 1-2 in The Clivina komareki-species group from Asia with the description of a new species from the Philippines (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae)

Figs 1-2: Clivina species, habitus, dorsal view; (1) C. komareki KULT, holotype; (2) C. excisa nov.sp., holotype.

Fig. 9 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 9 Examples of the male calling song presented in a time frame of 500 ms with oscillograms (a, c, e, f, g, h) and spectrograms (b, d) of taxa currently considered subspecies of Poecilimon jonicus. a P. j. tessellatus, Greece, Peloponnesos, Kallithea, 22.4°C, daily recording, own data; b same; c P. j. lobulatus, mainland Greece, Amphilochia, 21°C, daily recording, own data; d same; e P. j. jonicus, Albania, Kolonje district,

Fig. 7 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 7 Land-sea configuration in the Aegean area in different periods of the Neogene based on reconstructions by Popov et al. (2004) (with details taken from Creutzburg 1963 and Dermitzakis 1990) with historical biogeography hypothesis for the Messinian. a Late Serravallian (12–11 Ma), a possible time for the origin and early divergence of Barbitistini; b late Tortonian (8.5–7 Ma), transgression of the Mid-Aegean area in Tortonian

Fig. 6 Timetrees for the P in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 6 Timetrees for the P. jonicus group based on different phylogenies and time calibrations with node labels referring to the time estimation in millions of years. a BEAST maximum clade credibility tree inferred from COI and ND2 partitions calibrated for the substitution rate of COI; b BEAST chronogram and RelTime timetree inferred from the COI+ND2 phylogeny calibrated for the last separation of Crete (values above nodes, BEAST chronogram estimations; values below nodes, RelTime timetree estimations); c BEAST chronogram inferred from the 16S rRNA+12S rRNA phylogeny calibrated for the TMRCA (interval) of P. jonicus group (node 12) as suggested from the COI+ND2 chronogram. Different topologies of the trees are marked with "*" for the COI partitions and "**"for the ND2 partition on (a) and different topology of the BEAST and RelTime trees on (b). Numbers in white circles corre- spond to data in Supplementary material C. Light blue vertical band marks the onset of the northern hemisphere glaciation and dark blue lines mark major climatic switches in the Pleistocene. Uniform gray areas below the trees show united Aegean landmass (left) and re- unification of large areas in Messinian (right), while striped areas show disintegrated state of the Aegean

Fig. 4 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic relationships of the members of the Poecilimon jonicus group sensu lato with four outgroups from the genus Poecilimon and two outgroups from additional genera (P, Poecilimon; L., Leptophyes; I., Isophya). a Combined maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on a 1659 bp alignment of the COI+ ND2 mitochondrial dataset and b Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on a 1835 bp alignment of the 16S rRNA+12S rRNA mitochondrial dataset (Ullrich et al. 2010). Node values at branches show node support: above, ML bootstrap proportions; below, BI posterior probabilities; asterisk (*) indicates branches resolved by one of the analyses