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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Selection in the city: Rapid and fine scale evolution of urban eastern water dragons
<p>Oceanic archipelagos have long been treated as a petri dish for studies of evolutionary and ecological processes. Like archipelagos, cities exhibit similar patterns and processes, such as the rapid phenotypic divergence of a species between urban and non-urban environments. However, on a local scale, cities can be highly heterogenous, where geographically close populations can experience dramatically different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, we are yet to understand the evolutionary and ecological implications for populations spread across a heterogenous cityscape. To address this, we compared neutral genetic divergence to quantitative trait divergence within three native riparian and four city park populations of an iconic urban adapter, the eastern water dragon. We demonstrated that selection is likely acting to drive divergence of snout-vent length and jaw width across native riparian populations that are geographically isolated and across city park populations that are geographically close yet isolated by urbanisation. City park populations as close as 0.9 kms exhibited signs of selection driven divergence to the same extent as native riparian populations isolated by up to 114.5 kms. These findings suggest that local adaptation may be occurring over exceptionally small geographic and temporal scales within a single metropolis, demonstrating that city parks can act as archipelagos for the study of rapid evolution.</p>
Data for: Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment
<p>Data for: Temperature and not landscape composition shapes wild bee communities in an urban environment. This dataset was obtained surveying wild bees using pan-traps in the metropolitan city of Rome in 2016.</p>
Supplementary material for Evolutionary mechanism of vernacular architecture in the context of urbanization
<p>This database is complementary material to the Evolutionary mechanism of vernacular architecture in the context of urbanization. Supplementary material 01 is the vector information of the study area, and Supplementary material 02 is the sample of villages used to calculate the F1 score and its prediction results.</p>
Abundance and fractional solubilities of aerosol metals in urban Hong Kong: Insights into factors that control aerosol metal dissolution in an urban site in South China
<p>Our manuscript was submitted to ACP. Upon submission, all data must be accessible by anonymous access.</p>
Data files associated with the U-net prediction of urban canopy flow
<p>Folder "testing_data" includes the input (urban canopy structure), output (LES velocity field), and prediction (velocity field from trained network) for general test cases.</p> <p>Folder "perturbed_data" includes the input (urban canopy structure), output (LES velocity field), and prediction (velocity field from trained network) for perturbed test cases.</p> <p>Input: dataX_xxxxxx</p> <p>Output: dataY_xxxxxx</p> <p>Prediction: pred_xxxxxx</p>
The dataset of "Characteristics of Urban Interaction Network in Shandong Province from the Perspective of Traffic Flow and Information Flow"
<p>There are the datasets of the research named "Characteristics of Urban Interaction Network in Shandong Province from the Perspective of Traffic Flow and Information Flow".</p>
Figure 2 in Macroinvertebrates responses based on chemical and physical variables in urban streams
Figure 2. Abundance and Biomass Curves (ABC curves) of the sampled streams.
KENFIN-EDURA: Explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in the context of urbanization, family and wealth
<p><span>Background </span></p> <p><span>The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties </span><span>in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty.</span></p> <p><span>Results </span></p> <p><span>A total of 149 households, response rate of 93%, participated, 72 from Embakasi and 77 from Langata. Most of the participants residing in Embakasi belonged to the lower income and education groups whereas participants residing in Langata belonged to the higher income and education groups. </span><span>About 30% of the pre-adolescent participants in Langata were with at least overweight, whereas the respective number in Embakasi was only 6% (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of adults (mostly mothers) with overweight and obesity was high (65%) and similar in the two study areas. Wealth</span> <span>(</span><span>b</span><span> = 0.01; SE 0.0; p=0.003) and income (</span><span>b</span><span> = 0.29; SE 0.11; p=0.009) predicted higher BMI z-score in pre-adolescents. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusions</span></p> <p><span>In Nairobi, pre-adolescent overweight was already highly prevalent in the middle-income area, while the proportion of women with overweight/obesity was high also in the low-income area. These results suggest that a lifestyle promoting obesity is prevalent even in lower income areas in urban Kenya, and this is a strong justification for promoting healthy lifestyles across all socio-economic classes.</span></p>
Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
<p>Emerging evidence suggests that humans shape the ecology and evolution of species interactions. Islands are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance due to the fragility of their ecosystems; however, we know little about the susceptibility of species interactions to urbanization on islands. To address this gap, we studied how the earliest stages of urban development affect interactions between Darwin's finches and its key food resource, <i>Tribulus cistoides,</i> in three towns on the Galápagos Islands. We measured variation in mericarp predation rates, mericarp morphology, and finch community composition using population surveys, experimental manipulations, and finch observations conducted in habitats within and outside of each town. We found that both seed and mericarp removal rates were higher in towns compared to natural habitats. We also found that selection on mericarp size and defense differed between habitats in the survey and experimental populations, and that towns supported smaller and less diverse finch communities than natural habitats. Together, our results suggest that even moderate levels of urbanization can alter ecological interactions between Darwin's finches and <i>T. cistoides</i>, leading to modified natural selection on <i>T. cistoides </i>populations. Our study demonstrates that trophic interactions on islands may be susceptible to the anthropogenic disturbance associated with urbanization.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>: Despite containing the highest diversity in the world, studies of urbanization are lacking from the tropics. Our study identified signatures of urbanization on species interactions in a tropical island ecosystem and suggests that changes to the ecology of species interactions has the potential to alter evolution in urban environments.</p>
Data set for the manuscript "Uncertainty quantification and physics-informed forecasting for improved urban flood modeling"
<p>This is a data set for the manuscript "Uncertainty quantification and physics-informed forecasting for improved urban flood modeling."</p>
Pavement. urban domus, Tarraco, Tarragona, Spain
Paviment of a urban domus from the site of Tarraco (Tarragona, Spain), dated in the 1st century AD. Opus sectile mosaic made with different types of marble -giallo antico brecciatto, rosso antico, jaspi del Cinta, brocatello and pavonazzetto- that would have occupied the centre of a room in a domus of the south-western suburb of Tarraco. 245 photos completely processed in Reality Capture. The project was done with the support of the National Archaeological Museum of Tarragona and the Agència Catalana del Patrimoni Cultural. Catalog No. MNATTCA_94_124. Museu Nacional Arqueològic de Tarragona (2019): Tarraco: Exposición de síntesis. Generalitat de Catalunya Publicacions. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
B6_Ming_WK_2B_Urban to Sketchfab
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Supplementary material 1 from: El-Barougy RF, Cadotte MW, Khedr A-HA, Nada RM, Maclvor SJ (2017) Heterogeneity in patterns of survival of the invasive species Ipomoea carnea in urban habitats along the Egyptian Nile Delta. NeoBiota 33: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.33.9968
Table 1S. Comparison of stratified multivariable generalized linear models : Explanation note: Comparison of stratified multivariable generalized linear models that model the relationship between survival probability and different variables. The best model, selected by AIC, p-value of chi square, deviance explained (DE) and (AW). AW is the Akaikes weight which is the probability of the model being the best model explaining the relationship between survival probability and different variables. DE is the percentage of deviance explained (DE) as a measure of the model's goodness-of-fit.
Supplementary material 1 from: Papastefanou G, Panayiotou E, Mylonas M, Simaiakis SM (2015) Centipede assemblages along an urbanization gradient in the city of Heraklion, Crete (Greece). In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 163-179. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8414
Abundance and activity density of centipede species per sampling site.: Explanation note: List of species and individuals captured at each sampling site.
FIGURE 2 in Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Isohypsibiidae) a new tardigrade species discovered in an unusual habitat of urban areas of Mexico
FIGURE 2. Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov.. Habitus A) Dorsal view (holotype). B) Lateral view. C) Ventral view (arrow = eye spot). Scale bars = 50 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Isohypsibiidae) a new tardigrade species discovered in an unusual habitat of urban areas of Mexico
FIGURE 4. Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov.. Claws. A) Claws on second and third legs. B) Claw of second pair of legs. C) Claws of the fourth pair of legs. D) Claws of the third pair of legs. E) Claws of the fourth pair of legs. F) Claws of the fourth pair of legs. Arrows = bases of the external or posterior claws in the pair of claws in a leg. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Isohypsibiidae) a new tardigrade species discovered in an unusual habitat of urban areas of Mexico
FIGURE 3. Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov.. Buccal-pharyngeal apparatus. A) Macroplacoids in lateral view, stylet support and stylet furca (arrow = eye spot). B) Macroplacoids in dorsal view. C) Lateral view (arrow = ventral lamina). Scale bars = 10 µm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Nedkov S, Zhiyanski M, Dimitrov S, Borisova B, Popov A, Ihtimanski I, Yaneva R, Nikolov P, Bratanova-Doncheva S (2017) Mapping and assessment of urban ecosystem condition and services using integrated index of spatial structure. One Ecosystem 2: e14499. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e14499
Figure representing examples of catalogues used during the identification built and land cover types.
Supplementary material 2 from: Nedkov S, Zhiyanski M, Dimitrov S, Borisova B, Popov A, Ihtimanski I, Yaneva R, Nikolov P, Bratanova-Doncheva S (2017) Mapping and assessment of urban ecosystem condition and services using integrated index of spatial structure. One Ecosystem 2: e14499. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e14499
Table representing all combinations of the integrated index of spatial structute in urban ecosystems in Bulgaria
FIGURE 7 in Unrealized diversity in an urban rainforest: A new species of Lygosoma (Squamata: Scincidae) from western Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)
FIGURE 7. Satellite imagery of Kuching, Malaysia and surrounding areas showing land use change from December, 1984 to December, 2016. The red shape denotes the boundary of the Sama Jaya Forest Reserve (type locality), which was the edge of a large peat and heath forest in 1984, but is now totally enclosed within urban housing development. Within the yellow box is the location of the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak campus, provided to highlight the rapid development in its vicinity in the past decades. Continuous forests have not existed between the holotype and paratype collection localities since at least 1973 (Gaveau et al. 2014).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.