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9,882 results for “Scale”
Results of surface hot-in place recycling (remix) of modified and alternative asphalt mixtures in Finland. Part I: Mixture scale
<p>The following material is included as a digital appendix:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ecff4755-8652-4c3b-9dcf-28cf09002c98/Appendix.%20Cores%20and%20plots%20of%20test%20results.pdf?versionId=39468d84-e556-41c4-b86c-0ccdb2d5a36e">Appendix</a>. </strong>Images of selected cores, and test results for all specimens at the mixture scale (plots): bulk density, air voids, strength, stiffness, Prall abrasion, and creep permanent deformation.</li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ecff4755-8652-4c3b-9dcf-28cf09002c98/Data%20I%20-%20Read%20me.pdf?versionId=e500484c-10df-417a-bc1c-d2017d70d64f"><strong>Database</strong></a> with laboratory test data and measurements (mixture scale). Two Excel files and brief read-me guide.</li> </ul>
Data for the paper "Bridging scales in a multiscale pattern-forming system""
<p>Raw data used for Fig. 2 of the paper "Bridging scales in a multiscale pattern-forming system" by Laeschkir Würthner et al.</p>
Transmission and Distribution Substation Energy Management Considering Large-Scale Energy Storage, Demand Side Management and Security-Constrained Unit Commitment
<p>Data used in "Transmission and Distribution Substation Energy Management Considering Large-Scale Energy Storage, Demand Side Management and Security-Constrained Unit Commitment".</p>
High-resolution climate simulations using the Model for Prediction Across Scales - Atmosphere (MPAS-A; version 5.1)
<p>We present multi-seasonal simulations representative of present-day and future environments using the global Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1 with high resolution (15 km) throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We select 10 simulation years with varying phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and integrate each for 14.5 months. We use analyzed sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for present-day simulations. For the future climate simulations, we alter present-day SSTs by applying monthly-averaged temperature changes derived from a 20-member ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario. Daily sea ice fields, obtained from the monthly-averaged CMIP5 ensemble mean sea ice, are used for present-day and future simulations.</p> <p>Due to storage limitations, the full dataset is much too large to be published (~50TB). Instead, a subset consisting of 6-hourly warm season (May-September) 2-meter temperature, precipitation, and 500hPa height is presented. If you wish to access the full dataset (as presented in Michaelis et al. 2019), please contact one of the authors.</p>
Data supplement for "Wetting dynamics under periodic switching on different scales: Characterization and mechanisms"
<p>Data set and python code to recreate the figures of "Wetting dynamics under periodic switching on different scales: Characterization and mechanisms". Additionally, it includes the oomph-lib Code to reproduce the data for the simulations in the mesoscopic thin-film model.</p>
Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale
<p>R code, raw datasets, and predicted global maps of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P and their stoichiometric ratios at 0-30 cm depth.</p> <p>When using any of these layers, please cite: Gao et al., Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale (2022). Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16374</p>
Scaling of metabolic rate in hibernators: Translation of literature data: For a comment to Nespolo et al. (2022)
<p>This spreadsheet provides a translation of data from the literature for the manuscript: Do bears hibernate in the woods? Comment on 'Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation', and includes both the background data for Figure 1 which is presented in the manuscript.</p> <p>Full reference for article it is commented on: Nespolo, R. F., Mejias, C., and Bozinovic, F. Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation. Proc. R. Soc. B. 2022; 289(1973):20220456. We have made corrections to the data in the original article's Table S1, and translated empirical BMR data from literature instead of calculating a regression line from White, C.R. & Seymour, R.S. (2003). This changes the body mass where regression lines for Log (DDE<sub>HIB</sub>) and Log(BMR) cross, and thus where no savings from hibernation can be expected, from 75 kg to over 2,250 kg and shows that bears hibernate to save energy.</p>
ReSPack: A Large-Scale Rectilinear Steiner Tree Packing Benchmark for Wire Routing
<p>Combinatorial optimization (CO) has been studied as a useful tool for modeling industrial problems, but it still remains a challenge in complex domains because of the NP-hardness. With recent advances in machine learning, the field of CO is shifting to the study of neural combinatorial optimization using a large amount of data, showing promising results in some CO problems. Rectilinear Steiner Tree Packing Problem (RSTPP) is a well-known CO problem and is widely used in modeling wiring problem among components in a printed circuit board and an integrated circuit design. Despite the importance for a design automation, the lack of availab le data has restricted to fully leverage machine learning approaches. In this paper, we present ReSPack, a large-scale synthetic RSTPP dataset and a benchmark for wire routing. ReSPack includes a source code for generating RSTPP problems of various types with different sizes, data instances generated for the benchmark testing, and implementations of several baseline algorithms. We believe that ReSPack can contribute to solving circuit design problems as well as the development of CO with machine learning.</p>
data for "Capturing synoptic-scale variations in surface aerosol pollution using deep learning with meteorological data"
<p>data for "Capturing synoptic-scale variations in surface aerosol pollution using deep learning with meteorological data"</p>
Operational parameters of lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactors amended with graphene oxide
<p>The file contains the logbook with all the monitored parameters of a 5 L lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) fed with raw municipal wastewater collected from Girona’s wastewater treatment plant (Spain).</p> <p>The reactor was inoculated with anaerobic sludge and operated without modification until day 85, where a mix of organic micropollutants at 0.20 µM were dosed. Furthermore, on day 216, graphene oxide (GO) at 5 mg of GO per g of volatile solids (VS) was added to the AnMBR.</p>
Integrative species delimitation reveals fine-scale allopatric speciation in a good-flying insect: A case study on Cylindera pseudocylindriformis complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)
<p>Alpha taxonomy is fundamental for many biological fields. Delineation of species boundary, however, can be challenging in a species complex, where different species share a similar morphology and diagnostic characters may not be available. In this context, integrative approaches that incorporate molecular and morphological data sets and account for speciation history can be helpful to alpha taxonomy. Different approaches to species delimitation based on different assumptions are complementary, and by integrating the results from multiple approaches we can generate a more reliable and objective taxonomic decision. In this study, we applied three molecular approaches to species delimitation and inferred the demographic history based on an isolation with migration model to test a morphologically based taxonomic hypothesis for the <em>Cylindera</em> <em>pseudocylindriformis</em> complex. We discuss the association between genetic divergence and microhabitat specialization, and we further corroborated that <em>C</em>. <em>subtilis</em> sp. nov. is a valid new species by integrating the results from model-based species delimitation and the genealogical divergence index. We argue that genetic endemism can form at a small geographic scale, even in a winged insect-like tiger beetle. Our results also indicated that there may still be undocumented species diversity of Taiwanese <em>Cylindera</em> remaining to be discovered.</p>
Replication data and code for: Environmental discourse exhibits consistency and variation across spatial scales on Twitter
<p>Social media platforms, such as Twitter, are an increasingly important source of information and are forums for discourse within and between interest groups. Research highlights how social media communities have amplified movements such as the Arab Spring, #MeToo, and Black Lives Matter. But environmental digital discourse remains underexplored. In the present article, we apply automated text analysis to 200,000 Twitter users in several countries following leading environmental nongovernmental organizations. Some issues such as public action to decarbonize society or species conservation were discussed more intensely than agriculture or marine conservation. Our results illustrate where environmental discourse diverges and converges on Twitter across countries, states, and characteristics, such as political ideology. Using the coterminous United States as a case study, we observed that the prominence of issues varies across states and, in some cases, covaries with political ideology across counties. Our findings show paths forward to characterizing environmental priorities across many issues at unprecedented scale and extent. In this repository, we provide data and code to reproduce the results in the main text of this manuscript. This replication code and dataset accompany this manuscript: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac051</p>
Assessing Vaccine-Related Content for Journalistic Quality: A large-scale dataset and article repository
<p>This dataset was produced through a collaboration with the NSF-funded <a href="https://artt.cs.washington.edu/">ARTT project</a> (led by Hacks/Hackers) and <a href="https://overtone.ai/">Overtone</a>. It consists of 1,000 vaccine-related articles, pulled from a wide variety of news media sources, with associated scores based on their journalistic quality. The scores were provided through Overtone’s algorithm, and range from one (low-quality or low informational value add) to five (high-quality or high informational value add). Articles were sourced from traditional journalism outlets (news and news-leaning websites), as well as non-journalistic sources of vaccine information, such as governmental websites, healthcare and NGO websites, and medical journals. Given the algorithm’s focus on editorial content, as opposed to other metrics such as author, outlet, or engagement, analyzing a diverse set of article types allowed the research team to examine how different styles of vaccine-related content measured against traditional journalistic quality standards.<strong> </strong>Therefore, this dataset provides a unique insight into the spectrum of vaccine reporting, and serves as a contribution to the field of automated quality assessment. </p> <p><strong>About ARTT:</strong> The Analysis and Response Toolkit for Trust (ARTT) project is focused on helping people engage in trust-building ways when discussing vaccine efficacy and other topics online. </p> <p><strong>About Overtone:</strong> Overtone has built a Natural Language Processing algorithm that finds and sorts online content by its intrinsic qualities, rather than clicks or shares. Their AI assesses texts for journalistic signals that demonstrate human effort.</p> <p>For any questions about this dataset, please contact artt@hackshackers.com.</p>
Data from: Ecosystem multifunctionality is promoted by organic farming and hedgerows at the local scale but not at the landscape scale
<p><span>This dataset gathers information used for the paper Couthouis et al. "Ecosystem multifunctionality is promoted by organic farming and hedgerows at the local scale but not at the landscape scale", part of the BIOMHE project (2019-2022) funded by the Fondation de France. It contains data about (i) species richness and abundances used for calculating ecological performance, (ii) crop yield used for calculating agronomic performance, (iii) labour and semi-net margin used for calculating socio-economic performance. Combined, these information allows for the calculation of ecosystem multifunctionaliy indices.</span></p>
Large-scale reforestation can increase water yield and reduce drought risk for water-insecure regions in the Asia-Pacific
<p>Large-scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water-insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia-Pacific, we used regional coupled land-climate modelling for the period 2041–2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water-insecure regions over the Asia-Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < 0.05) for the Loess Plateau-North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water-insecure regions. However, some regions experience non-significant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation.</p>
Genomes and associated scripts for paper: Potential millennial-scale avian declines by humans in southern China
<p><span>Mounting observational records demonstrate human-caused faunal decline in recent decades, while accumulating archaeological evidence suggests an early biodiversity impact of human activities during the Holocene. A fundamental question arises concerning whether modern wildlife population declines began during early human disturbance. Here, we performed population genomic analysis of six common forest birds in East Asia to address this question. For five of them, demographic history inference based on 25-33 genomes of each species revealed dramatic population declines by 4-48-fold over millennia (two to five thousand years ago). Nevertheless, <a name="_Hlk39081165"></a>ecological niche models predicted extensive range persistence during the Holocene and imply limited demographic impact of historical climate change. Summary statistics further suggest high negative correlations between these population declines and human disturbance intensities and indicate a potential driver of human activities. These findings provide deep-time and large-scale insight into the recently recognized avifaunal decline and support an early origin hypothesis of human effects on biodiversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the current biodiversity crisis in the context of long-term human-environment interactions and offers a multievidential framework for quantitatively assessing the ecological consequences of human disturbance.</span></p>
Squamation and scale morphology at the root of jawed vertebrates
<p>Placoderms, as the earliest branching jawed vertebrates, are crucial to understanding how the characters of crown gnathostomes comprising Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes evolved from their stem relatives. Despite the growing knowledge of the anatomy and diversity of placoderms over the past decade, the dermal scales of placoderms are predominantly known from isolated material, either morphologically or histologically, resulting in their squamation being poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the squamation and scale morphology of a primitive taxon of Antiarcha (a clade at the root of jawed vertebrates), <em>Parayunnanolepis</em> <em>xitunensis</em>, based on the virtual restoration of an articulated specimen by using X-ray computed tomography. Thirteen morphotypes of scales are classified to exhibit how the morphology changes with their position on the body in primitive antiarchs, based on which nine areas of the post-thoracic body are distinguished to show their scale variations in the dorsal, flank, ventral, and caudal lobe regions. In this study, the histological structure of yunnanolepidoid scales is described for the first time based on disarticulated scales from the type locality and horizon of <em>P</em>. <em>xitunensis</em>. The results demonstrate that yunnanolepidoid scales are remarkably different from their dermal plates as well as euantiarch scales in lack of a well-developed middle layer. Together, our study reveals that the high regionalization of squamation and the bipartite histological structure of scales might be plesiomorphic for antiarchs, and jawed vertebrates in general.</p>
Bias adjusted and statistically down-scaled ISIMIP3b for historical and hist-nat experiments over Central Asia
<p>Downscaling and bias adjustment have been conducted by the BASD software. For a comprehensive description of version 1.0 of the methods see Lange (2019, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3055-2019">doi:10.5194/gmd-12-3055-2019</a>).</p> <p>The models are:</p> <ul> <li> <p> canesm5_r1i1p1f1</p> </li> <li> <p> cnrm-cm6-1_r1i1p1f2</p> </li> <li> <p> gfdl-esm4_r1i1p1f1</p> </li> <li> <p> ipsl-cm6a-lr_r1i1p1f1</p> </li> <li> <p> miroc6_r1i1p1f1</p> </li> <li> <p> mri-esm2-0_r1i1p1f1</p> </li> </ul> <p>the variables are</p> <ul> <li> <p>tas- daily mean of near surface air temperature (K)</p> </li> <li> <p>pr - daily precipitation (kg m-2 s-1 )</p> </li> </ul> <p>the final horizontal resolution is 0.25° and the area covered longitude 44.125 -90.875 & latitude 33.125-56.375</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Scaling protein-water interactions in the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field to simulate transmembrane helix dimers in different lipid environments
<p>This dataset contains molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories used for preparation of the following manuscript: <br> "Scaling protein-water interactions in the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field to simulate transmembrane helix dimers in different lipid environments". </p>
Weak population genetic structure in Eurasian spruce bark beetle over large regional scales in Sweden
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The Eurasian spruce bark beetle, <em>Ips typographus</em>, is a major pest, capable of killing spruce forests during large population outbreaks. Recorded dispersal distances of individual beetles are typically within hundreds of meters or a few </span>kilometres<span>. However, the connectivity between populations at larger distances and longer time spans and how this is affected by the habitat is less studied, despite its importance for understanding at which distances local outbreaks may spread. Previous population genetic studies in <em>I. typographus </em>typically used low resolution markers. Here, we use genome-wide data to assess population structure and connectivity of<em> I. typographus </em>in Sweden. We used 152 individuals from 19 population samples, distributed over 830 km from Strömsund (63º 46' 8'' N) in the north to Nyteboda (56º 8'</span> <span>50'' N) in the south, to capture processes at a large regional scale, and a transect sampling design adjacent to a recent outbreak to capture processes at a smaller scale (76 km). Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) markers capturing 1409-1997 SNPs throughout the genome, we document a weak genetic structure over the large scale, potentially indicative of high connectivity with extensive gene flow. No differentiation was detected at the smaller scale. We find indications of isolation-by-distance both for relative (F<sub>ST</sub>) and absolute divergence (Dxy). The two northernmost populations are most differentiated from the remaining populations, and diverge in parallel to the southern populations for a set of outlier loci. In conclusion, the population structure of <em>I. typographus </em>in Sweden is weak, suggesting a high capacity to disperse and establish outbreak populations in new territories.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.