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7,920 results for “implications”
Same colors for different functions: implications for the evolution of carotenoid-based ornamentation
<p><span>Sexual ornamentation is often assumed to be costly, allowing honest signaling of individual quality, and carotenoid-based colors were proposed to bear significant costs. If carotenoid-based colors are costly to produce, sexually-selected signals should use more concentrated carotenoid pigments and have more saturated color than non-sexual signals, where honesty-guaranteeing costs are not required. We tested this prediction comparing carotenoid-based colors across canaries, goldfinches and allies, because many of these species </span><span>use </span><span>yellow plumage as sexual ornamentation, but also have yellow rumps that appear to be non-sexual flash marks</span><span>. Only in the breast, but not the rump, was there an asymmetric </span><span>co-distribution of male and female color saturation, with males </span><span>similarly or more saturated than females, indicating evolution of breast color by sexual selection. Yellow was not consistently more saturated in the breast than in the rump, and the co-distribution of rump and breast color saturation indicated that saturated rumps can persist irrespective of breast color. This challenges </span><span>the assumption that carotenoid-based colors bear significant costs. The use of carotenoid coloration as sexual signals in this clade may instead be due to social costs, cost-free index mechanisms for signaling quality, and/or socially-monogamous species evolving low-cost signals to mostly discriminate against low-quality mates.</span></p>
Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
<p>1. One metric of peatland restoration success is the re-establishment of a carbon sink, yet considerable uncertainty remains around the timescale of carbon sink trajectories. Conditions post-restoration may promote the establishment of vascular plants such as graminoids, often at greater density than would be found in undisturbed peatlands, with consequences for carbon storage. Although graminoid species are often considered as a single plant functional type (PFT) in land-atmosphere models, our understanding of functional variation among graminoid species is limited, particularly in a restoration context.</p> <p>2. We used a traits-based approach to evaluate graminoid functional variation and to assess whether different graminoid species should be considered a single PFT or multiple types. We tested hypotheses that greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>) would vary due to differences in plant traits among five graminoid species in a restored peatland in central Alberta, Canada. We further hypothesized that species would form two functionally distinct groupings based on taxonomy (grass, sedge).</p> <p>3. Differences in gas fluxes among species were primarily driven by variation in leaf physiology related to photosynthetic efficiency and resource-use, and secondarily by plant size. Multivariate analyses did not reveal distinct functional groupings based on taxonomy or environmental preferences. Rather, we identified functional groups defined by plant traits and carbon fluxes that are consistent with ecological strategies related to differences in growth rate, resource-acquisition, and leaf economics, representing plants with either a strategy to grow quickly and invest in resource capture or to prioritize structural investment and resource conservation. These functional groups displayed larger average carbon fluxes compared to graminoid PFTs currently used in modeling.</p> <p>4. Existing PFT designations in peatland models may be more appropriate for pristine or high-latitude systems than those under restoration. Although replacing PFTs with plant traits remains a challenge in peatlands, traits related to leaf physiology and growth rate strategies offer a promising avenue for future applications.</p>
Data from: The hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in a giant river reservoir: implications for restoration of riparian vegetation
<p><span>The riparian vegetation of many rivers around the world is impacted by flow regulation for hydropower. Water levels behind dams are being raised to generate electric energy, forming river reservoirs. River regulation has a large impact on the riparian vegetation which influences both the adjacent aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, restoration of degraded riparian vegetation in river reservoirs has been of increasing research interest.</span></p> <p><span>Propagules dispersed from connected tributaries via water (hydrochory) are considered a vital source for the recovery of riparian vegetation in regulated rivers. However, the hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in river reservoirs is unclear. We explored the dispersal distance and deposition patterns of hydrochorous propagule mimics in three tributaries that are regulated by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China.</span></p> <p><span>In eight out of nine release experiments, 95% of propagule mimics were found within 3 km downstream from the release points. Cumulative wind speed was the most important factor affecting the dispersal distance of propagule mimics in the TGR. However, the dispersal distance of propagule mimics was not significantly affected by water-level variation and channel sinuosity. Variations in water level strongly affected the deposition pattern of propagule mimics, with only 6.6% of the propagule mimics stranding on the riparian zones under raised water level and 83.8% stranding under declined water levels. The majority of stranded propagule mimics were deposited at gentle slopes (0‒20°).</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the majority of propagules that enter river reservoirs via water would be retained within the first few kilometers. Wind and water level variation are the main factors determining the dispersal distance and deposition pattern of propagules. Our findings have applications for riparian vegetation restoration in river reservoirs. The vegetation in steep riparian zones distant from free-flowing tributaries should be the priority for restoration actions because these areas receive limited hydrochorous propagules. The plant biodiversity and hydrological connectivity of connected tributaries, which is an important propagule sources for riparian vegetation along river reservoirs, should be protected. The seasonal dominant wind pattern should be considered when evaluating the importance of tributaries as the source of hydrochorous propagules for river reservoirs.</span></p>
Improved biodiversity detection using a large-volume environmental DNA sampler with in situ filtration and implications for marine eDNA sampling strategies
<p>Metabarcoding analysis of environmental DNA samples is a promising new tool for marine biodiversity and conservation. Typically, seawater samples are obtained using Niskin bottles and filtered to collect eDNA. However, standard sample volumes are small relative to the scale of the environment, conventional collection strategies are limited, and the filtration process is time consuming. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new large – volume eDNA sampler with in situ filtration, capable of taking up to 12 samples per deployment. We conducted three deployments of our sampler on the robotic vehicle <em>Mesobot</em> in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and collected samples from 20 to 400 m depth. We compared the large volume (~40 – 60 liters) samples collected by <em>Mesobot</em> with small volume (~2 liters) samples collected using the conventional CTD rosette – mounted Niskin bottle approach. We sequenced the V9 region of 18S rRNA, which detects a broad range of invertebrate taxa, and found that while both methods detected biodiversity changes associated with depth, our large volume samples detected approximately 66% more taxa than the CTD small volume samples. We found that the fraction of the eDNA signal originating from metazoans relative to the total eDNA signal decreased with sampling depth, indicating that larger volume samples may be especially important for detecting metazoans in mesopelagic and deep ocean environments. We also noted substantial variability in biological replicates from both the large volume <em>Mesobot</em> and small volume CTD sample sets. Both of the sample sets also identified taxa that the other did not – although the number of unique taxa associated with the <em>Mesobot</em> samples was almost four times larger than those from the CTD samples. Large volume eDNA sampling with in situ filtration, particularly when coupled with robotic platforms, has great potential for marine biodiversity surveys, and we discuss practical methodological and sampling considerations for future applications.</p>
Data accessibility for conservation implications of genetic structure in the narrowest endemic quillwort from the Eastern Amazon
<p>The quillwort <em>Isoetes cangae</em> is a critically endangered species occurring in a single lake in Serra dos Carajás, Eastern Amazon. Low genetic diversity and small effective population sizes (N<sub>e</sub>) is expected for narrow endemic species (NES). Here, we evaluated genetic diversity, population structure, and N<sub>e</sub> of <em>I. cangae </em>to provide information for conservation programs. Conservation biology studies centered in a single‐species show some limitations but they are still useful considering the limited time and resources available for the protection of species at risk of extinction. Our analyses were based on 55 individuals collected from the Amendoim lake and 35,638 neutral SNPs. Our results indicated a single panmictic population, moderate levels of genetic diversity, and effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) in the order of thousands, contrasting the expected for NES. Negative FIS values were also found, suggesting that <em>I. cangae</em> is not under risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings imply that <em>I. cangae </em>contains enough genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary potential, all individuals should be treated as one demographic unit.</p>
Frequency-dependent viscosity of salmon ovarian fluid has biophysical implications for sperm-egg interactions
<p>Gamete-level sexual selection of externally fertilising species is usually achieved by modifying sperm behaviour with mechanisms thought to alter the chemical environment in which gametes perform. In fish this can be accomplished through the ovarian fluid, a substance released with the eggs at spawning. While its biochemical effects in relation to sperm energetics have been investigated, the influence of the physical environment in which sperm compete remains poorly explored. Our objective was therefore to gain insights on the physical structure of this fluid and potential impacts on reproduction. Using soft-matter physics approaches of steady-state and oscillatory viscosity measurements, we subjected salmon ovarian fluids to variable shear stresses and frequencies resembling those exerted by sperm swimming through the fluid near eggs. We show that this fluid, which in its relaxed state is a gel-like substance, displays a non-Newtonian viscoelastic and shear-thinning profile, where the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rates. We concurrently find that this fluid obeys the Cox-Merz rule below 7.6 Hz and infringes it above, thus indicating a shear-thickening phase where viscosity increases provided it is probed gently enough. This suggests the presence of a unique frequency-dependant structural network with relevant implications on sperm energetics and fertilisation dynamics.</p>
Accompanying dataset to ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2022, 5, 4, 5508–5515 : Nanoscale Mapping of Light Emission in Nanospade-Based InGaAs Quantum Wells Integrated on Si(100): Implications for Dual Light-Emitting Devices
<p>Accompanying dataset containing the raw data and analysis contained in the main publication. This comprises the fitted CL-SEM dataset, the CL-STEM dataset, the CL-SEM presented in the SI and the STEM-EDX linescans.</p>
Invasive rodent responses to experimental and natural hurricanes with implications for global climate change
<p>Hurricanes cause dramatic changes to forests by opening the canopy and depositing debris onto the forest floor. How invasive rodent populations respond to hurricanes is not well understood, but shifts in rodent abundance and foraging may result from scarce fruit and seed resources that follow hurricanes. We conducted studies in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico to better understand how experimental (Canopy Trimming Experiment) and natural (Hurricane Maria) hurricane effects alter populations of invasive rodents (Rattus rattus [rats] and <em>Mus musculus</em> [mice]) and their foraging behaviors. To monitor rodent populations, we used tracking tunnels (inked and baited cards inside tunnels enabling identification of animal visitors' footprints) within experimental hurricane plots (arborist trimmed in 2014) and reference plots (closed canopy forest). To assess shifts in rodent foraging, we compared seed removal of two tree species (Guarea guidonia and Prestoea acuminata) between vertebrate-excluded and free-access treatments in the same experimental and reference plots, and did so 3 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Maria (2017). Trail cameras were used to identify animals responsible for seed removal. Rat incidences generated from tracking tunnel surveys indicated that rat populations were not significantly affected by experimental or natural hurricanes. Before Hurricane Maria there were no mice in the forest interior, yet mice were present in forest plots closest to the road after the hurricane, and their forest invasion coincided with increased grass cover resulting from open forest canopy. Seed removal of Guarea and Prestoea across all plots was rat dominated (75%-100% rat-removed) and was significantly less after than before Hurricane Maria. However, following Hurricane Maria, the experimental hurricane treatment plots of 2014 had 3.6 times greater seed removal by invasive rats than did the reference plots, which may have resulted from rats selecting post-hurricane forest patches with greater understory cover for foraging. Invasive rodents are resistant to hurricane disturbance in this forest. Predictions of increased hurricane frequency from expected climate change should result in forest with more frequent periods of grassy understories and mouse presence, as well as with heightened rat foraging for fruit and seed in pre-existing areas of disturbance.</p>
FIG. 36 in Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary
FIG. 36. — Reconstruction of the Angeac-Charente landscape, 140 Million years ago, © Mazan.
Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: Implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics
<p>The data files of all figures for ACP-2022-487 entitled: "Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: Implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics"</p>
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic implications of describing a new species of Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) with two size-dependent morphotypes
Fig. 1. Loimia davidi sp. nov., holotype (CEAB A.P. 935A), living. A. Entire body in two fragments.
Visualization and quantification of carbon 'rusty sink' by rice root iron plaque: mechanisms, functions, and global implications
<p><span>Paddies contain 78% higher organic carbon (C) stocks than adjacent upland soils, and iron (Fe) plaque formation on rice roots is one of the mechanisms that traps C. The process sequence, extent and global relevance of this C stabilization mechanism under oxic/anoxic conditions remains unclear. We quantified and localized the contribution of Fe plaque to C stabilization in a microoxic area (</span><span>rice </span><span>rhizosphere) and</span> <span>evaluated the role of this C trap toward global C sequestration in paddy soils. Visualization and localization of pH by imaging with planar optodes, enzyme activities by zymography,</span> <span>and root exudation by 14C imaging, as well as upscale modeling enabled linkage of three groups of rhizosphere processes that are responsible for C stabilization from the micro- (root) to the macro- (ecosystem) level. The 14C activity in soil (reflecting stabilization of rhizodeposits) with Fe2+ addition was 1.4−1.5 times higher than that in the control and phosphate addition soils. Perfect co-localization of the hotspots of β-glucosidase activity (by zymography) with exudation showed that labile C and high enzyme activities were localized within Fe plaques. </span><span>Fe</span><span>2+</span> <span>addition </span><span>to </span><span>soil and its</span><span> microbial oxidation to Fe3+ by radial oxygen release from rice roots increased </span><span>Fe</span><span> plaque (Fe3+) formation by 1.7−2.5 times. The C trapped</span><span> by </span><span>Fe plaque was 1.1 times higher after Fe2+ addition. Therefore, Fe plaque formed from amorphous and complex Fe on root surface act as a "rusty sink" for C. Upscaling by model revealed the global significance of C preservation within Fe3+ complexes in paddy soils. Considering the area of coverage of paddy soils globally, radial oxygen loss from roots and bacterial Fe oxidation may trap up to 130 Mg C in Fe plaques per rice season. This represents an important annual surplus of new and stable C to the existing C pool</span> <span>under long-term rice cropping.</span></p>
Melting Experiments on Fe-O-H and Fe-H: Evidence for Eutectic Melting in Fe-FeH and Implications for Hydrogen in the Core
<p>Tables S1 and S2 show data of the melting experiments on the Fe-O-H ternary and Fe-H binary systems, respectively. Dataset S1 reproduces the rainbow-colored areas in Figures 4a–d.</p>
Schematic and adapted figures from IPBES Sustainable Use of Wild Species Assessment - Chapter 3. Status of and trends in the use of wild species and its implications for wild species, the environment and people
<p>Schematic and adapted figures from Chapter 3 of the thematic assessment of the sustainable use of wild species of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
Dataset for Conformational dynamics of loop L3 in OmpF: Implications towards antibiotic translocation and voltage gating
<p>Dataset supporting the work in the publication titled, "Conformational dynamics of loop L3 in OmpF: Implications towards antibiotic translocation and voltage gating".</p>
Importance of high-latitude sources for ice-nucleating particles in cold-air outbreaks and the implications for cloud-phase feedback
<p>This dataset contains FLEXPART results and codes for data analysis and visualization used in the MRes research project. </p> <p>Numpy arrays for FLEXPART data are in "data_flexpart.zip" with longitude and latitude coordination files.</p> <p>Codes for data analysis and visualization are in "ipynb.zip". Codes were written in Python language. Codes are categorized by figures in the article. </p>
Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry) with implications for rare species conservation
<p>Understanding the contribution of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes to population differences is often necessary for better-informed management and conservation of rare species. In this study, we focused on <em>Pinus torreyana</em> Parry (Torrey pine), one of the world's rarest pines, endemic to one island and one mainland population in California. Small population size, low genetic diversity, and susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses suggest Torrey pine may benefit from inter-population genetic rescue to preserve the species' evolutionary potential. We leveraged reduced representation sequencing to tease apart the respective contributions of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary processes to population differentiation. We applied these data to model spatial and temporal demographic changes in effective population sizes and genetic connectivity, to assess loci possibly under selection, and to evaluate genetic rescue as a potential conservation strategy. Overall, we observed exceedingly low standing variation reflecting consistently low effective population sizes across time and limited genetic differentiation suggesting maintenance of gene flow following divergence. However, genome scans identified more than 2000 candidate SNPs for divergent selection. Combined with previous observations indicating population phenotypic differentiation, this indicates natural selection has likely contributed to the evolution of population genetic differences. Thus, while reduced genetic diversity, small effective population size, and genetic connectivity between populations suggest genetic rescue could mitigate the adverse effects of rarity, divergent selection suggests genetic mixing could disrupt adaptation. Further work evaluating the fitness consequences of inter-population admixture is necessary to empirically evaluate the trade-offs associated with genetic rescue in Torrey pine.</p>
Climate disequilibrium of fishes along elevation and latitudinal gradients: implications for climate tracking
<p>Aim: Differences in realized and fundamental thermal niches can reveal how temperature constrains species distributions. Because climate-induced range shifts assume that temperature influences distribution limits (i.e., climate equilibrium assumption), understanding the factors that determine the realized thermal niche of species is critical for understanding their climate tracking abilities.</p> <p>Location: Thermal niches were evaluated for two scales: Globally (n = 95 species) and across the Great Plains – Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A (n = 28 species)</p> <p>Taxon: Marine and freshwater fishes</p> <p>Results: First, freshwater species were not more likely than marine species to underfill their latitudinal cold-edge limit, despite restricted dispersal in freshwater environments from biogeographic barriers. Second, biological traits of dispersal ability were not associated with patterns of overfilling or underfilling along latitudinal gradients, aside from migratory species being more likely to overfill their cold-edge limits. Third, similar biological traits were not associated with freshwater fishes overfilling or underfilling their cold-edge, elevation limit with respect to their cold-edge latitudinal limit. Fourth, 78% of freshwater fish species (22 of 28) were observed underfilling their elevation limit relative to their latitudinal limit.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Our results reveal that the climate equilibrium assumption is not satisfied for half of marine and freshwater fishes along thermal-spatial gradients and is largely unrelated to dispersal and movement. Freshwater fishes appear particularly limited in their distribution potential along elevation gradients, given the strong patterns of elevation underfilling.</p>
Supplemental Dataset: Seismological evidence for girdled olivine lattice-preferred orientation in oceanic lithosphere and implications for mantle deformation processes during seafloor spreading
<p>This repository contains supplementary datasets for the manuscript titled "Seismological evidence for girdled olivine lattice-preferred orientation in oceanic lithosphere and implications for mantle deformation processes during seafloor spreading", published in G-Cubed. All files are Microsoft Excel tables containing olivine fabric data.</p> <p>ds01_strain_data_ol60.xlsx: Anisotropy magnitude and fast directions for sample data shown in Figure 3 of the main text, assuming 60% olivine and 40% pyroxene (see methods for details).</p> <p>ds02_strain_data_ol100.xlsx: Anisotropy magnitude and fast directions for sample data shown in Figure 3 of the main text, assuming pure olivine.</p> <p>ds03_fabric_data_ol75.xlsx: Anisotropy fabric data shown in Figure 5 of the main text, assuming 75% olvine and 25% pyroxene (see methods for details).</p> <p>ds04_fabric_data_ol100.xlsx: Anisotropy fabric data shown in Figure 5 of the main text, assuming pure olivine.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Petrogenetic studies of Permian pegmatites in the Chinese Altay: implications for a two-stage post-collisional magmatism model
<p>Understanding the petrogenesis of rare-metal pegmatites is important for understanding ore-forming processes and their tectonic settings. In this study, we performed zircon U-Pb geochronological and Hf-O isotopic analyses of the Xiaokalasu (XKLS), Dakalasu (DKLS) and Yelaman (YLM) pegmatites in the Chinese Altay orogen. These pegmatites have low εHf(t) values (-0.6 ~ +4.3), two-stage model ages of 989 ~ 1293 Ma, and high δ<sup>18</sup>O values (+6.52 ~ +11.31), indicating that they may have been derived from the anatexis of mature sedimentary rocks in the deep crust, with a small amount of mantle-derived or juvenile material. Geochronological and Hf-O isotopic data for granitic intrusions in the Chinese Altay Mountains indicate that the εHf(t) values decreased from the Permian to the Triassic, which implies that two-stage post-collisional magmatism occurred in this region. During the Permian, the thin lower crust was cold; thus, magmatism likely originated in the deep crust close to the Moho surface and involved intense mantle-crust interactions. During the Triassic, asthenospheric upwelling provided heat to the lower crust, which increased the geothermal gradient and led to the anatexis of shallow crustal material.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.