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Fig. 8 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 8. Ontogenetic development of marginal ring and ambulacral tips in edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati Miquel (1894) from early juveniles (A), late juveniles (B), and adult (C) specimens. The three photographs represent ambulacrum E.

Fig. 7 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 7. Ontogenetic development of edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati (Miquel, 1894). Note the similarity in the aboral plating between the most juvenile specimen of C. cannati and larger specimens of Cambraster tastudorum Jell, Burrett, and Banks, 1985.

Fig. 7. A, C in Latest Cretaceous leaf floras from southern Poland and western Ukraine

Fig. 7. A, C. Eudicot Debeya insignis (Hosius and von der Marck, 1880) Knobloch, 1964. A. Lectotype PBO 1021[−1]; Haldem, Stemweder Berg, upper Campanian. General view (A1), enlargement of the petiolule branching (A2). C. General view of the slab PBO 1021 showing the lectotype (shown in A) and a paralectotype (PBO 1021[−2]) of Debeya insignis as well as two leaflets of Debeya haldemiana (shown in B); Haldem, Stemweder Berg, upper Campanian. B, G. Debeya haldemiana de Saporta and Marion, 1873. B. Fragmentary leaf PBO 1021[−3]; Haldem, Stemweder Berg, upper Campanian. G. Isolated leaflet ZPAL 4/2/2; Bliżów, lower Maastrichtian. D. Eolirion sp., fragmentary leaf ZPAL Pl 4/1/9; Krasbobród, upper Campanian. E. Debeya paulinae sp. nov., fragmentary leaf KrM Pb 1/6 (paratype); Krasnobród, upper Campanian. F. Debeya paulinae sp. nov., paratype KrS 1, enlargement of the petiolule branching (see general view in Fig. 2C). Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 5. Camera lucida drawing of oral frame in edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati (Miquel, 1894); specimen MPZ2011/104. A–E. Ambulacral designation.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 4. Edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati (Miquel, 1894) from the middle Cambrian of Borobia Formation (Spain) and Coulouma Formation (France). A. MNHN.F.A45786B, oral (A1) and aboral (A2) views of a complete adult specimen, detail of ambulacrum E showing the disposition of flooring plates (A3). Note the position of the circular apertures for the water vascular system and the pits for cover plates articulation. B. MPZ2011/105, adoral view of a teratological specimen in which the ambulacrum E extends within a single marginal plate. C. MNHN.F.A45788, nearly complete specimen with Ą

Fig. 3 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 3. Edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati (Miquel, 1894) from the middle Cambrian of Borobia Formation (Spain) and Coulouma Formation (France). A. MPZ2011/101, complete adult specimen with a slightly distorted interambulacrum CD (A1), detail of ambulacrum B (A2), note the flooring plates with some cover plates articulated on them. Where cover plates are absent, ligamentary pits are identifiable. Detail of periproct and peripheral skirt bordering the marginal plates (A3). B. MPZ2011/102, detail of contact between two marginal plates with invaginated borders to accommodate the ambulacral tip. C. MNHN.F.A45785, aboral view of an early juvenile with only few circlets of plates developed. D. MPZ2011/103, oral (D1) and aboral (D2) views of a juvenile that show a continuous marginal ring. E. MPZ2011/96, aboral view of an advanced juvenile. F. MPZ2009/1232a, b, oral (F1) and aboral (F2) views of an early adult specimen with marked pentameral shape; note impression of thicker ambulacra in F2, oral frame plates, and possible hydropore showing though aboral plating. Detail of oral area, in which interradial oral plates are clearly visible (F3). G. MPZ2011/104, oral view of a nearly complete specimen showing a nearly complete oral area. General view showing the oral area (G1); detail of the oral area with the arrangement of interradial oral elements (G2). Abbreviations: cp, cover plates; fm, peristomial frame plate; fp, flooring plates; m. Marginal plates; pe, periproct; ps, peripheral skirt. 1–5, peristomial frame plates. All specimens are photographs taken from latex casts whitened with NH4Cl sublimate. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 1. Geological setting with indication of the studied localities. A. Map of Spain and France with the position of the Iberian Chains and Montagne Noire. B. Geological map of the Iberian Chains with indication of localities where specimens of Cambraster have been collected. C. Geological map of Montagne Noire (France) with indication of localities where specimens of Cambraster have been collected.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 2. Large mature specimen of Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati (Miquel, 1894). A. Oral view showing peristomial frame plates around central mouth, reconstructed oral and ambulacral cover plates, long straight ambulacra indenting large plates of marginal ring, interambulacral areas with small epispire−bearing plates, and peripheral skirt of tiny plates. B. Aboral view showing fully plated aboral surface composed of smaller−plated peripheral region lacking marginal ring surrounding larger−plated central region.

Fig. 10 in Latest Cretaceous leaf floras from southern Poland and western Ukraine

Fig. 10. Reconstructions of leaves of the most characteristic taxa of the late Campanian flora of the studied area (not to scale). A. Eudicot Debeya paulinae sp. nov. B. Dicot Rarytkinia polonica (Karczmarz and Popiel in Malicki et al. 1967) comb. nov. C. Eudicot Debeya haldemiana (Debey ex de Saporta and Marion, 1873) Knobloch, 1964. Drawings by B. Waksmundzki.

Fig. 6 in Morphology and ontogeny of the Cambrian edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster cannati from western Gondwana

Fig. 6. Edrioasteroid echinoderm Cambraster tastudorum Jell, Burrett, and Banks, 1985 from the Cambrian Cateena Group, Australia. A. NMVP107063B, oral view of a complete specimen. B. NMVP107061, oral view of a complete specimen. C. NMVP107060, oral view of a nearly complete specimen showing the peristome bounded by interradial plates (mfp), flooring plates (fp), and apertures for the water vascular system (p). General view (C1) and detail of the oral plating showing the interradial elements constructing the mouth frame (C2). D, E. Aboral view of two specimens showing the plating pattern with large radial elements (rap). NMVP107068 (D) and NMVP107063A (E). Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 4. Conifer Cunninghamites squamosus Heer, 1873 in Latest Cretaceous leaf floras from southern Poland and western Ukraine

Fig. 4. Conifer Cunninghamites squamosus Heer, 1873. Single leaf from the specimen MZ VII/32/13, Chełm, Maastrichtian, SEM view.

Fig. 1 in Latest Cretaceous leaf floras from southern Poland and western Ukraine

Fig. 1. Map of central Europe showing the extent of upper Cretaceous deposits (both cropping out and under Quaternary cover; simplified after von Gaertner and Walther 1971). Main studied localities are represented by diamonds.

Fig. 5 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 5. Thin section micrograph of the capsules wall showing three of the craters produced during laser ablation (arrows).

Fig. 3 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 3. Thin section micrographs of the capsule wall of the Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti goederti gen. et sp. nov. A, B. Two sections of a capsule wall with several ribs, dark, micritic seep carbonate on the outside, and several diagenetic carbonate phases in the interior; plane−polarized light. C, D. Close−up on the middle rib in A, rotated ca. 90° clockwise. Note that the capsule wall consists of microsparite, enclosing globular calcite crystals; plane−polarized light (C) and UV light (D). E. Detail of the capsule wall; laser scanning microscope image generated by linear unmixing using the spectra of the globules versus that of the wall matrix. F. Detail of capsule wall, showing extinction of some of the globules; crossed−polarized light.

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Fig. 3 in Youngest agamid lizards from Western Europe (Sierra de Quibas, Spain, late Early Pleistocene)

Fig. 3. Chronological synthesis of the latest Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene records of the family Agamidae in Western Europe (data mainly from Delfino et al. 2008). The grey strips represent the two periods of extinction of Western and Central European herpetofauna during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (Bailon 1991; Blain 2005, 2009; Bailon and Blain 2007; Ivanov 2007). MN, Mammal Neogene Biozonation.

Fig. 2 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 2. Silicon rubber casts of external molds of the Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti gen. et sp. nov. A. USNM 544327 (the same specimen as in Fig. 1). B. USNM 544328.

Fig. 1 in Catshark egg capsules from a Late Eocene deep-water methane-seep deposit in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 1. The Late Eocene Bear River egg capsule Scyliorhinotheca goederti gen. et sp. nov. in different states of preservation. A. Steinkern showing the anterior and posterior ends (USNM 544321). B. Posterior half of a steinkern, showing the tapering end with a horn (USNM 544322). C. Deformed steinkern with spindle−like shape (USNM 544323). D. Steinkern with faint wrinkles on the surface, perhaps due to shrinkage (USNM 544324). E. Two specimens: the lower, main specimen shows the anterior constriction and the flattened anterior end (left) and remnants of the ribbed capsule wall (right); the upper specimen (arrow) is just a cast of a ribbed capsule surface; note relics of worm tubes on the right side of the block (USNM 544325) (image from Treude et al. 2011). F. Steinkern showing indentation on lower left (USNM 544326). G. Cast (external mold) showing ribbing on capsule surface (USNM 544327).

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Fig. 2 in Youngest agamid lizards from Western Europe (Sierra de Quibas, Spain, late Early Pleistocene)

Fig. 2. Agamidae indet. from the late early Pleistocene of Sierra de Quibas, Murcia, southeastern Spain. A. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/1, right maxilla in lateral (A 1) and medial (A 2) views. B. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/2, left dentary in lateral (B 1) and medial (B 2) views. C. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/3, right dentary in lateral (C 1) and medial (C 2) views. D. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/6, trunk vertebra in dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and posterior (D 3) views. E. IPHES QB-06-EC-H/7, anterior caudal vertebra in dorsal (E ), ventral (E ), anterior (E ), posterior (E ), and left lateral (E ) views.

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Fig. 1 in Youngest agamid lizards from Western Europe (Sierra de Quibas, Spain, late Early Pleistocene)

Fig. 1. Map of Western Europe (A), the location of Quibas paleontological site (B), geological map of the Quibas area (C) (modified from Montoya et al. 1999, 2001).