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FIGURES 16–20 in Review of the genus Shilovia Makarchenko (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae Boreoheptagyiini) from the mountains of Central Asia, with morphological description and DNA barcoding of known species
FIGURES 16–20. Shilovia xinhuawangi sp. nov. (16) and S. yakovlevi sp. nov. (17–20), males. 16, legs; 17, basal part of wing; 18, dorsal part of mesonotum; 19, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 20, part of hypopygium in dorsal view. Designations are the same as in Figures 1–9.
FIGURES 28–31 in Review of the genus Shilovia Makarchenko (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae Boreoheptagyiini) from the mountains of Central Asia, with morphological description and DNA barcoding of known species
FIGURES 28–31. Type localities of Shilovia rara Makarchenko (28–29), S. xinhuawangi sp. nov. (30), and S. yakovlevi sp. nov. (31). 28, Varzob River near Kondara Gorge, Varzod District, Tajikistan (photo by M.V. Vinarski); 29, Itelgi River, Chatkal District, Kyrgyzstan, (photo by E.S. Chertoprud); 30, Daong River, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (photo by M.V. Vinarski); 31, Zhemenei River, East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan (photo by M.V. Vinarski).
GeoVectors-Asia-location (v0.1)
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The GeoVectors corpus is a comprehensive large-scale linked open corpus of OpenStreetMap (https://www.openstreetmap.org/) entity embeddings that provides latent representations of over 980 million entities. The GeoVectors capture the semantic and geographic similarities of OpenStreetMap entities and make them directly accessible to machine learning applications. The "-tags" datasets provide embeddings that capture the semantic similarities of OpenStreetMap entities. The "-location" datasets provide the geographic similarities.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>This dataset was derived from an OpenStreetMap snapshot that was taken on November 10, 2020 (© OpenStreetMap contributors).</p> <p>We provide the GeoVectors in region-specific subsets. This subset contains location-embeddings for the region "Asia" including the following countries:</p> <ul> <li>Afghanistan</li> <li>Armenia</li> <li>Azerbaijan</li> <li>Bangladesh</li> <li>Bhutan</li> <li>Cambodia</li> <li>China</li> <li>Gcc-States</li> <li>India</li> <li>Iran</li> <li>Iraq</li> <li>Israel-and-Palestine</li> <li>Jordan</li> <li>Kazakhstan</li> <li>Kyrgyzstan</li> <li>Laos</li> <li>Lebanon</li> <li>Malaysia-Singapore-Brunei</li> <li>Maldives</li> <li>Mongolia</li> <li>Myanmar</li> <li>Nepal</li> <li>North-Korea</li> <li>Pakistan</li> <li>Philippines</li> <li>South-Korea</li> <li>Sri-Lanka</li> <li>Syria</li> <li>Taiwan</li> <li>Tajikistan</li> <li>Thailand</li> <li>Turkmenistan</li> <li>Uzbekistan</li> <li>Vietnam</li> <li>Yemen</li> </ul> <p><strong>File format</strong></p> <p>The embeddings are provided in the tab-separated values (tsv) format. Each row contains the embedding of a single OpenStreetMap entity. The first column contains the OpenStreetMap type and the second column contains the OpenStreetMap id of the respective entity. The type can either be node (n), way (w), or relation (r). The remaining columns represent the dimensions of the embedding space. (See also header.tsv)</p> <p><strong>Further information:</strong></p> <p>For further information, please visit <a href="http://geovectors.l3s.uni-hannover.de">http://geovectors.l3s.uni-hannover.de</a></p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>:</p> <p>This work was partially funded by DFG, German Research Foundation (“WorldKG", DE 2299/2-1), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany (“Simple-ML", 01IS18054), the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), Germany (“d-E-mand", 01ME19009B), and the European Commission (EU H2020, “smashHit", grant-ID 871477).</p>
GeoVectors-Asia-tags (v1.0)
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The GeoVectors corpus is a comprehensive large-scale linked open corpus of OpenStreetMap (https://www.openstreetmap.org/) entity embeddings that provides latent representations of over 980 million entities. The GeoVectors capture the semantic and geographic similarities of OpenStreetMap entities and make them directly accessible to machine learning applications. The "-tags" datasets provide embeddings that capture the semantic similarities of OpenStreetMap entities. The "-location" datasets provide the geographic similarities.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>This dataset was derived from an OpenStreetMap snapshot that was taken on November 10, 2020 (© OpenStreetMap contributors).</p> <p>We provide the GeoVectors in region-specific subsets. This subset contains tag-embeddings for the region "Asia" including the following countries:</p> <ul> <li>Afghanistan</li> <li>Armenia</li> <li>Azerbaijan</li> <li>Bangladesh</li> <li>Bhutan</li> <li>Cambodia</li> <li>China</li> <li>Gcc-States</li> <li>India</li> <li>Indonesia</li> <li>Iran</li> <li>Iraq</li> <li>Israel-and-Palestine</li> <li>Japan</li> <li>Jordan</li> <li>Kazakhstan</li> <li>Kyrgyzstan</li> <li>Laos</li> <li>Lebanon</li> <li>Malaysia-Singapore-Brunei</li> <li>Maldives</li> <li>Mongolia</li> <li>Myanmar</li> <li>Nepal</li> <li>North-Korea</li> <li>Pakistan</li> <li>Philippines</li> <li>South-Korea</li> <li>Sri-Lanka</li> <li>Syria</li> <li>Taiwan</li> <li>Tajikistan</li> <li>Thailand</li> <li>Turkmenistan</li> <li>Uzbekistan</li> <li>Vietnam</li> <li>Yemen</li> </ul> <p><strong>File format</strong></p> <p>The embeddings are provided in the tab-separated values (tsv) format. Each row contains the embedding of a single OpenStreetMap entity. The first column contains the OpenStreetMap type and the second column contains the OpenStreetMap id of the respective entity. The type can either be node (n), way (w), or relation (r). The remaining columns represent the dimensions of the embedding space. (See also header.tsv)</p> <p><strong>Further information:</strong></p> <p>For further information, please visit <a href="http://geovectors.l3s.uni-hannover.de">http://geovectors.l3s.uni-hannover.de</a></p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>:</p> <p>This work was partially funded by DFG, German Research Foundation (“WorldKG", DE 2299/2-1), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany (“Simple-ML", 01IS18054), the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), Germany (“d-E-mand", 01ME19009B), and the European Commission (EU H2020, “smashHit", grant-ID 871477).</p>
Biogeographic divides in East Asia delineated by the three-step landforms of China and the East China Sea: insights from phylogeographical breaks of Kerria japonica
<p><span><b>Aim: </b>East Asia exhibits complex geomorphological and climatic characteristics. The aim </span>of this study is to test whether the biogeographic divides present along the so-called three-step landforms of China and the East China Sea (ECS), and provide insight into the evolution the East Asian Flora (EAF) with respect to Hengduan Mountains, Central China and East China.</p> <p><span><span><b>Location:</b> East Asia</span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Taxon: </b><i>Kerria japonica</i>, a deciduous shrub distributed in subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests of East Asia.</span></span></p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions and 15 nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci were sequenced/genotyped in 576/450 individuals. We performed phylogeographical analyses to assess genetic structure, historical gene flow and demographic history. Climate factors were examined to identify their effects on the phylogeographical breaks. Time</span>-calibrated phylogenetic trees and ancestral range reconstruction<span> were used to infer biogeographic history. Potential habitats at present and in the past (LIG, LGM) were identified using ecological niche modelling (ENM).</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Distinct phylogeographical breaks were found along the ECS and the edges of the three-step landforms of China. Low historical gene flow and significant climatic differences were detected in each pair of adjacent regions. Compared with the quite stable distribution range on the Chinese mainland, Japanese populations had experienced obvious northward expansion after the LGM in response to Quaternary climate change.</span></p> <p><span><b>Main conclusions: </b><i>K. japonica</i> has a complex biogeographic history, with a Mid-Miocene origin in North America and subsequent migration into East Asia via the Bering land bridge. The onset of intra-specific diversification was probably associated with the Asian monsoon intensifications, while the CJK land bridge facilitated the formation of the Japan lineage (6.78 Ma). The spatiotemporal population differentiation in Chinese mainland demonstrates the significant role of biogeographic divides delineated by three-step landforms of China; and provides clues to help understand the floristic regionalization and evolutionary history of plant diversity in East Asia, especially with respect to the Hengduan Mountains, Central China and East China.</span></p>
FIGURES 228–247. Male genitalia. 228–233 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 228–247. Male genitalia. 228–233―Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) aciculata, 234–236―A. (A.) kungradica, 237–238―A. (A.) aciculata sensu Khatri et al., 2010, 239–240―A. (A.) seriphidii, holotype, 241–245―A. (A.) acuteangulata, 246–247―A. (Oedicora) kerzhneri. 228, 230, 232, 234, 237, 239, 241–242, 246―penis, lateral view, 229, 231, 233, 235–236, 240, 243–245―male anal collar appendage, 238―end of pygofer lobe and male anal collar appendage, 247―end of pygofer lobe. 234–236―after Dubovsky (1967), 237–238―after Khatri et al. (2010).
FIGURES 204–227. Male genitalia. 204–213 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 204–227. Male genitalia. 204–213―Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) ribauti, 214–227―A. (A.) fragariae. 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226―penis, lateral view, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227―male anal collar appendage. 212–213―after Vilbaste (1974), 214–215―after Viraktamath et al. (2012).
FIGURES 163–188. Male genitalia. 163–176 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 163–188. Male genitalia. 163–176―Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) harrarensis, 177–180―A. (A.) pararobusta, 181–182―A. (A.) robusta sensu Khatri et al., 2010, 183–188―A. (A.) frisia. 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187―penis, lateral view, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188―male anal col-lar appendage. 173–176―after Mityaev (1969a), 179–180―after Viraktamath (2011), 181–182―after Khatri et al. (2010), 187–188―after Wagner (1939).
FIGURES 189–203 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 189–203. Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) spp., calling signal oscillograms. 189–190―A. (A.) harrarensis, 191193―A. (A.) ribauti, 194–198―A. (A.) fragariae, 199–203―A. (A.) aciculata. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "190", "192–193", "197–198", "200", and "202–203" are given under the same numbers. 194–195, 197―male from Moscow Oblast, locality No. 1 in the list in calling signal description, 196, 198―male from Kazakhstan, ibid., locality No. 2, 199–200, 202―male from Astrakhan Oblast, ibid., locality No. 1, 201, 203―male from Saratov Oblast, ibid., locality No. 2.
FIGURES 118–133 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 118–133. Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) spp., calling signal oscillograms. 118–123―A. (A.) laevis, 124–133A. (A.) camphorosmatis. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "121–123" and "129–133"are given under the same numbers. 118–119, 121–122―male from West Tien Shan, locality No. 1 in the list in calling signal description, 120, 123―male from Batken Oblast, ibid., locality No. 2, 124, 129―male from Saratov Oblast, ibid., locality No. 1, 125, 130―male from Kaskelen River, Southern Kazakhstan, ibid., locality No. 3, 126, 131―male from Zhansagurov, South-eastern Kazakhstan, steppe, ibid., locality No. 9, 127, 132―same locality, male from wet meadow on the riverbank, 128, 133―male from Toktogul Reservoir, Kyrgyzstan, ibid., locality No. 10.
FIGURES 94–117. Male genitalia. 94–103 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 94–117. Male genitalia. 94–103―Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) karakolensis, 104–105―A. (A.) perarmata, 106–117―A. (A.) laevis. 94–98, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116―penis, lateral view, 99–101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117―male anal collar appendage. 102–103―after Dubovsky (1984), 104–105―after Dlabola (1958), 106–107―af-ter Ribaut (1952).
FIGURES 80–93 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 80–93. Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) spp., calling signal oscillograms. 80–84― A. (A.) estonica, 85–93―A. (A.) chalchica. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "82–84" and "90–93"are given under the same numbers. 85, 90―male from Tyva, locality No. 1 in the list in calling signal description, 86, 91―male from Northern Buryatia, ibid., locality No. 2, 87–89, 92–93―male from Southern Buryatia, ibid., locality No. 3.
FIGURES 44–61 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 44–61. Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) venosa, calling signal oscillograms. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "53–60" are given under the same numbers. 44–45, 53―males from Crimea, locality No. 1 in the list in call-ing signal description, 46, 54―male from Rostov Oblast, ibid., locality No. 2, 47, 55―male from Kokpek Ravine, Kazakhstan, ibid., locality No. 3, 48–49, 56―male from Altynemel, Kazakhstan, ibid., locality No. 4, 50–51, 57–59―males from Sarkand, Kazakhstan, ibid., locality No. 5, 52, 60–61―male from Altai Mts., ibid., locality No. 6.
FIGURES 5–19 in Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia
FIGURES 5–19. Anaceratagallia (Anaceratagallia) spp., 2nd abdominal apodemes. 5–7―A. (A.) harrarensis, 8―A. (A.) aciculata, 9–10―A. (A.) fragariae, 11–12―A. (A.) ribauti, 13―A. (A.) frisia, 14–16―A. (A.) camphorosmatis, 17–19―A. (A.) chalchica.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Batriscenellus Jeannel from tropical Asia (Coleoptera Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic characters of Batriscenellus suthepensis (A–F. Male. G. Female). A. Head and prothorax, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Sternite 7 (IX). D–F. Aedeagus, in axial (D), lateral (E), and ventral (F) view. G. Genital complex. Scale bars: 0.2 mm in A, B; 0.05 mm in C; 0.1 mm in D–G.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Batriscenellus Jeannel from tropical Asia (Coleoptera Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
FIGURE 1. Habitus of Batriscenellus species. A. B. suthepensis. B. B. vietnamicus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Batriscenellus Jeannel from tropical Asia (Coleoptera Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
FIGURE 3. Diagnostic characters of Batriscenellus vietnamicus, male. A. Head and prothorax, dorsal. B. Abdomen, dorsal. C. Sternite 7 (IX). D–F. Aedeagus, in axial (D), ventral (E), and lateral (F) view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm in A, B; 0.05 mm in C; 0.1 mm in D–F.
Blow to the Northeast? Intraspecific differentiation of Populus davidiana suggests a northeastward skew of a phylogeographic break boundary in East Asia
<p><b><span>Aim: </span></b>There is increasing interest in the role that biological traits, and historical and biogeographic processes, play in the formation of phylogeographic patterns. An arid belt that once existed in northern China might have affected many plants, but this has yet to be untested in an arid-tolerant, wind-dispersed species. Here we tested how intrinsic and extrinsic factors have affected the phylogeography of <i><span>Populus davidiana</span></i>.</p> <p><b><span>Location: </span></b>East Asia</p> <p><b><span>Methods: </span></b>Genetic variation was surveyed across 40 populations (555 individuals) covering the Chinese range of <i><span>P. davidiana</span></i>, using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSRs) and four chloroplast fragments (cpDNA). Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches, and the present and past potential distributions were predicted using species distribution modelling.</p> <p><span><span><b><span>Results: </span></b>Molecular data divides <i><span>P. davidiana </span></i>into two lineages, northeastern China (NECR), and central and northern China (CNCR); however, the dividing line is around 118ºE for nSSRs, but 122ºE for cpDNA. The range and habitat of the two lineages barely overlap at present, and their ecological separation may have initiated around the Pliocene-Quaternary boundary, when major infraspecific cpDNA clades diverged. NECR and CNCR experienced postglacial northeastward and northward range shifts, respectively. Bi-directional historical gene flow was detected between NECR and CNCR for both bi-parentally inherited nSSRs and maternally inherited cpDNA. Demographic inferences suggest a severe bottleneck for CNCR and especially NECR, around the latest Pleistocene.</span></span></p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions: </span></b>The phylogeographic break within <i><span>P. davidiana</span></i> reflects the impacts of biogeographic history, climate and biological traits. Its plumed, wind-dispersed seeds might be especially significant, because prevailing southwestern spring winds may have moved the NECR-CNCR boundary further east than similar phylogenetic breaks in other species, and also moved the cpDNA boundary relative to that for nuclear markers. Biological traits, therefore, should also be considered when examining the genetic and ecological differentiation between closely related taxa.</p>
FIGURES 22–26 in Review of the genus Saropogon Loew, 1847 (Diptera: Asilidae) from Russia Transcaucasia and Central Asia, with description of three new species
FIGURES 22–26. Saropogon aliyevi, sp. nov., holotype. 22. Epandrium, dorsal view. 23. Hypandrium and gonopod, ventral view. 24. Gonopod, lateral internal surface. 25. Aedeagus, frontal view. 26. Aedeagus, lateral view.
FIGURES 18–21 in Review of the genus Saropogon Loew, 1847 (Diptera: Asilidae) from Russia Transcaucasia and Central Asia, with description of three new species
FIGURES 18–21. Saropogon aliyevi, sp. nov., holotype. 18. Head, frontal view. 19. Head and thorax, dorsal view. 20. Habitus, dorsal view. 21. Habitus, lateral view.
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