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FIGURE 7 in Review of Pandara DeLong & Freytag (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini), raised to generic status, including three new species and an identification key

FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Pandara species in different ecological regions of South America.

FIGURES 46–50 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 46–50. Cremnomymar fernandezi, male (Plazoleta del Yunque, Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández Islands, Valparaíso, Chile). 46. Antenna (without scape). 47. Head, frontal, scapes, and pedicels. 48. Mesosoma. 49. Fore wing. 50. Genitalia.

FIGURES 38–41. Cremnomymar tucumanum, female. 38 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 38–41. Cremnomymar tucumanum, female. 38. Habitus (Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina). 39–41 (Santa Vera Cruz, La Rioja). 39. Head, frontal. 40. Antenna. 41. Wings.

FIGURES 42–45 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 42–45. Cremnomymar?fernandezi, female (Plazoleta del Yunque, Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández Islands, Valparaíso, Chile). 42. Antenna. 43. Mesosoma and matasoma. 44. Propodeum. 45. Wings.

FIGURES 32–35. Cremnomymar sagittifer, male. 32–33 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 32–35. Cremnomymar sagittifer, male. 32–33 (paratype of Parapolynema sagittifer, Bella Vista, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 32. Habitus. 33. Slide. 34. Habitus (Luján, Buenos Aires). 35. Genitalia (La Plata, Buenos Aires).

FIGURES 29–31 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 29–31. Cremnomymar sagittifer, female (Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 29. Fore wing base. 30. Metasoma, lateral. 31. Wings.

FIGURES 1–6 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 1–6. Cremnomymar fidalgoi sp. n., female (holotype). 1. Slide. 2. Antenna. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal. 4. Metasoma, lateral. 5. Fore wing base. 6. Fore wing.

FIGURES 7–10 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 7–10. Cremnomymar fidalgoi sp. n. (paratypes). 7. Female head, frontal (Fuerte Bulnes, Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica, Chile). 8. Female habitus (Nahuelbuta National Park, Araucanía, Chile). 9. Female hind wing (Río Puntra, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Los Lagos, Chile). 10. Male antenna (Terao, Isla Grande de Chiloé).

FIGURES 21–24. 21–22 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 21–24. 21–22. Cremnomymar nahuelbutae sp. n., female (holotype). 21. Fore wing. 22. Hind wing. 23–24. Cremnomymar sagittifer, female (paratype of Parapolynema sagittifer, José C. Paz, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 23. Slide. 24. Habitus.

FIGURES 25–28 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 25–28. Cremnomymar sagittifer, female (Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 25. Habitus. 26. Antenna. 27. Head, frontal. 28. Mesosoma.

FIGURES 15–20 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 15–20. Cremnomymar nahuelbutae sp. n., female (holotype). 15. Slide. 16. Antenna. 17. Head, frontal. 18. Prosternum (seen through mesosoma). 19. Mesosoma, dorsal. 20. Metasoma, lateral.

FIGURES 11–14 in Review of Cremnomymar species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in mainland South America, with a new generic synonymy

FIGURES 11–14. Cremnomymar fidalgoi sp. n., male (paratypes). 11. Habitus (Pucará, Parque Nacional Lanín, Neuquén, Argentina). 12. Mesosoma, dorsal (Puerto Arrayán, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Neuquén). 13. Genitalia (Puerto Arrayán). 14. Wings (Terao, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Los Lagos, Chile).

FIGURE 1 in Two new generic synonyms in Palearctic Ciinae (Coleoptera: Ciidae)

FIGURE 1. Species of Paraxestocis Miyatake, 1954, sensu novo. A–D. Paraxestocis unicornis Miyatake, 1954, male holotype. Dorsal view, with arrow showing the pronotum pointed anteriorly (A), lateral view (B), ventral view (C) and labels (D). The type locality "Naose" was a small village on the foot of Mt. Ishizumi, about 500–700 m of altitude (33º42'N, 132º57'E), "Kuma" is now the city of "Kumakogen-cho" and "IYO" is now Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku. E. Paraxestocis denticollis (Nakane & Nobuchi, 1955), new combination, male from Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan. F. Paraxestocis wagae (Wankowiez, 1869), new combination, male from Bialowieska Forest, Poland. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Impact of the unimodal molar mass distribution on the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites below the glass transition temperature: A generic, coarse-grained molecular dynamics study - dataset

Abstract: from [1] Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) have shown great potential to meet the ever-growing requirements of modern engineering applications. Nowadays, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are increasingly employed to complement experimental work and thereby gain a deeper understanding of the complex structure–property relations of PNCs. However, with respect to the thermoplastic’s mechanical behavior, the role of its average molar mass is rarely addressed, and many MD studies only consider uniform (monodispersed) polymers. Therefore, this contribution investigates the impact that and the dispersity Đ have on the stiffness and strength of PNCs through coarse-grained MD. To this end, we employed a Kremer–Grest bead–spring model and observed the expected increase in the mechanical performance of the neat polymer for larger . Our results indicated that the unimodal molar mass distribution does not impact the mechanical behavior in the investigated dispersity range Đ. For the PNC, we obtained the same -dependence and Đ-independence of the mechanical properties over a wide range of filler sizes and contents. This contribution proves that even simple MD models can reproduce the experimentally well researched effect of the molar mass. Hence, this work is an important step in understanding the complex structure–property relations of PNCs, which is essential to unlock their full potential. Contact: Maximilian Ries Institute of Applied Mechanics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 5 91058 Erlangen Software: All MD simulations were performed with LAMMPS [2,3], version: 23 Oct 2022 / 20220623 Compiled with Compiler: GNU C++ 11.2.0 with OpenMP not enabled C++ standard: C++11 Active compile time flags: -DLAMMPS_GZIP -DLAMMPS_SMALLBIG Installed packages: CLASS2 DPD-BASIC EXTRA-DUMP INTEL KSPACE MANYBODY MC MISC MOLECULE MOLFILE MPIIO NETCDF OPT PERI Polymer and polymer composite samples generated with self-avoiding random-walk algorithm [4] Post-processing Matlab R2019b License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Context: Data set supplementing  journal paper: [1] M. Ries, L. Laubert, P. Steinmann, & S. Pfaller, “Impact of the unimodal molar mass distribution on the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites below the glass transition temperature: A generic, coarse-grained molecular dynamics study,” European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, vol. 107, p. 105 379, 2024. Content: structure of data set:     -01_neat      containing the neat polymer simulations         -01_uniform         containing samples with uniform chain lengths         -02_distributed         containing samples with distributed chain lengths             -100-dist             samples with mean molar mass 100             -200-dist             samples with mean molar mass 200     -02_PNC     containing the polymer nanocomposite simulations         -01_uniform         containing samples with uniform chain lengths             -T_0.2             simulations at temperature 0.2             -T_0.3             simulations at temperature 0.3             -T_0.4             simulations at temperature 0.4         -02_distributed         containing samples with distributed chain lengths             -T_0.2             simulations at temperature 0.2             -T_0.3             simulations at temperature 0.3             -T_0.4             simulations at temperature 0.4      naming convention for simulation folders     - neat polymer simulations         example: GTP_UT_num_chains-80_num_beads_per_chain-500-8         * num_chains: number of polymer chains         * num_beads_per_chain: molar mass (chain length)         * distribution: standard deviation of gauss distribution govering dispersity         * "trailing number": batch number of sample          - polymer nanocomposite simulations         example: GTP_rF-5_nF-10_chainlen-5_7-T_0.2         * rF: nanofiller radius         * nF: number of nanofillers         * chainlen: molar mass (chain length)   Each simulation directory contains:     lammps input file (*.in) of the specific simulation     data file (*.data) containing the initial sample configuration     input.prm: input parameters of the specific simulation (read by the input file)     meta.info: meta data of the specific simulation run     LAMMPS_out:     simulation results (lammps thermo_out) in tabulated form, an overview of columns is given below         thermo_out.Dat: raw output          thermo_out_SG.Dat: smoothed output (Savitzky-Golay filter)         thermo_out_STD.Dat: standard deviation of raw output Output quantities (columns of *.Dat files): Please note that the normalized Lennard-Jones unit set is used, so all quantities are normalized to fundamental mass, length, energy, time and the Boltzmann constant. Thus all entries are unitless [1].     Step: time step      Time: time      TotEng: total energy      PotEng: potential energy     KinEng: kinetic energy      E_pair: pair energy      E_bond: bond energy      E_angle: angle energy      E_dihed: dihedral energy      Temp: temperature     Press: hydrostatic pressure     Pxx: xx component of pressure tensor      Pyy: yy component of pressure tensor      Pzz: zz component of pressure tensor      Pxy: xy component of pressure tensor     Pxz: xz component of pressure tensor     Pyz: yz component of pressure tensor     Volume: volume of simulation box      Lx: box length in x direction       Ly: box length in y direction       Lz: box length in z direction       Density: density       c_RG: radius of gyration scalar      c_RG[1]: squared radius of gyration tensor (xx component)       c_RG[2]: squared radius of gyration tensor (yy component)       c_RG[3]: squared radius of gyration tensor (zz component)       c_RG[4]: squared radius of gyration tensor (xy component)       c_RG[5]: squared radius of gyration tensor (xz component)       c_RG[6]: squared radius of gyration tensor (yz component)       c_bondave[1]: bond energy averaged over all atoms       c_bondave[2]: bond distance averaged over all atoms       c_bondave[3]: squared bond distance averaged over all atoms       c_angleave[1]: angle energy averaged over all atoms       c_angleave[2]: angle averaged over all atoms degree     c_angleave[3]: cosine of angle      c_angleave[4]: squared cosine of angle      c_MSD[1]: mean squared displacement x-direction       c_MSD[2]: mean squared displacement y-direction       c_MSD[3]: mean squared displacement z-direction       c_MSD[4]: total mean squared displacement       c_COM[1]: x coordinate of center of mass       c_COM[2]: y coordinate of center of mass       c_COM[3]: z coordinate of center of mass       v_strain_xx: xx component of engineering strain tensor        v_strain_yy: yy component of engineering strain tensor         v_strain_zz: zz component of engineering strain tensor         v_vMisesequivstress: von Mises equivalent stress      v_Cauchy_xx: xx component of stress tensor       v_Cauchy_yy: yy component of stress tensor     v_Cauchy_zz: zz component of stress tensor     v_Cauchy_xy: xy component of stress tensor      v_Cauchy_xz: xz component of stress tensor      v_Cauchy_yz: yz component of stress tensor      v_strain_xy: xy component of engineering strain tensor        v_strain_xz: xz component of engineering strain tensor        v_strain_yz: yz component of engineering strain tensor    References: [1] M. Ries, L. Laubert, P. Steinmann, & S. Pfaller, “Impact of the unimodal molar mass distribution on the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites below the glass transition temperature: A generic, coarse-grained molecular dynamics study,” European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, vol. 107, p. 105 379, 2024. [2] S. Plimpton, “Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics,” Journal of computational physics, 1995, 117, 1-19. [3] A. P. Thompson et al., “LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales,” Computer Physics Communications, vol. 271, p. 108171, 2022. [4] J. Roksvaag, M.Ries . “A fast self-avoiding random walk algorithm (SARW) for generic thermoplastic polymers and nanocomposites”, manuscript in preparation

FIGURE 5 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 5. Paracalliax bollorei de Saint Laurent, 1979, SMF 44114, female holotype of Paracalliax stenophthalmus. A, front in dorsal vieW (A1/1–3: first to third antennular peduncular articles); B, pleomeres 5, 6, telson and left uropods in dorsal vieW. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 3. Callianassa subterranea (Montagu, 1808). Relationship betWeen the lengths of male pleopods 1 and 2 and carapace length.

FIGURE 2 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 2. Callianassa subterranea (Montagu, 1808). A, NHMW 25024 (male, 2.4 mm), pleomeres 2 and 3, ventral aspect; B, NHMW 25641 (male, 4.3 mm), pleomeres 1–3, lateral aspect; C, NHMW 25023 (male, 10.3 mm), Plp2, ventral aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 4. Callianopsis mauritana (Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & FreiWald, 2015). A–E, holotype of Phaetoncalliax mauritana, F, paratype of P. mauritana, SMF 44111. A, carapace in lateral vieW; B, same in dorsal vieW; C, D, left pleopod, posterior vieW; E, same, anterior vieW; F, left and right pleopods 1 in situ, arroW points to pleuron 1 spine. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 1. Guyanacaris caespitosa (Squires, 1979). SMF 31563, male (holotype of Neoaxius nicoyaensis). A, pleomeres 1–5 in ventral vieW; B, detail of pleopod 1 from frame in A; C, carapace in dorsal vieW (photo: S. M. Schnedl), arroWs point to spines behind cervical groove. Scale bar: A, C = 10 mm; B = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

FIGURE 6. Upogebia balmaorum Ngoc-Ho, 1990. A, B, C, female holotype of Kuwaitupogebia nithyanandan, SMF 48913; D, male paratype of K. nithyanandan (3.4 mm); E, female paratype of K. nithyanandan (3.6 mm), SMF 48914; A, D, E, front, dorsal aspect; B, front, lateral aspect; C, uropods, arroW points to proXimal spine on eXopod. Scale bar = 1 mm.