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Figure 11. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 11. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861. The lectotype (NHMUK R1111). What remains of the formerly fully articulated skull: the skull roof, neurocranium, part of the right suspensorium and cheek, as preserved (sketched in 2018). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital condyle; bot, basioccipital tuberosity; bpt, basipterygoid process (right); J, jugal; La, lacrimal; Ls, laterosphenoid (left); Mx, maxilla (right); N, nasal bones; pap, paroccipital process (left); Q, quadrate (right).

Figure 7. Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758. A in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 7. Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758. A, lateral view of cranial osteology showing the horn core. B, the horn core with its keratinous horn superimposed, showing the lack of correspondence in shape between the horn core and its overlying keratinous casque (horn). Norman, pers. colln (Rough Fell sheep, Sedbergh, Cumbria). Abbreviations: hc, horn core; kh, keratinous horn. Scale bar indicated.

Figure 10 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 10. Scelidosaurus. Diagrammatic longitudinal section through the skull showing an attempted reconstruction of the nasal passage. The latter is shown floored anteriorly by a connective tissue sheet that forms a soft secondary palate that spans the gap between opposing maxillae and was probably attached sagittally to the ventral margin of the vomers. The epivomers are interpreted as sheet-like ossifications that form within the connective tissue that roofs the nasal passage; these bones are sutured to the dorsal edges of the vomers (Norman, 2020a). Abbreviations: Epi, epivomers; Mx, maxilla; np, nasal passage; ol.b, olfactory bulb; Pt, pterygoid; sp, soft palate. Arrows indicate air flow. Dark tone – bones in section. Pale tone approximate shape of the nasal passage.

Figure 1 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 1. Charmouth is a coastal village located about one kilometre due east of Lyme Regis. The Spittles-Black Ven is an eroding cliff from which the remains of Scelidosaurus have been recovered since the late 1850s. Fresh slips and cliff falls continue to expose the remains of individual bones or in some cases articulated skeletons belonging to this dinosaur.

Figure 4. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 4. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861. Cranial anatomy reconstructed in: A, lateral; B, dorsal views (modified from Norman, 2020a: figs 8, 9).

Figure 8. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861. The lectotype NHMUK R1111. A, jugal showing sclerotic plate. B in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 8. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861. The lectotype NHMUK R1111. A, jugal showing sclerotic plate. B, stapes. Abbreviations: do, dermal ossification; ec.s, ectopterygoid suture; est, surface for the extrastapes; ftp, footplate; ls, lacrimal suture; pal.s, palatine suture; Po, postorbital; Qj, quadratojugal; sc.os, sclerotic ossicle. Scale bar indicated.

Figure 6 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 6. Scelidosaurus. An interpretation of the cranial keratinous scute pattern on the skull and mandible in (A) lateral and (B) dorsal views. Abbreviations: asc, angular scute; fsc, frontal scute; dsc, dentary scute or sheath; hsc, occipital horn scute; itsc, infratemporal scutes; jsc, jugal arch scutes; lsc, lacrimal scute; msc, maxillary scute (there may have been several); nmsc, nasal median scute; nsc, nasal scutes restored as overlapping plates; pdsc, predentary scute (rhamphotheca); posc, postorbital crater-like scute; qjsc, quadratojugal–quadrate scute; rsc, rhamphothecal scute of the premaxilla; sosc, supraorbital (brow-ridge) scute (there may have been several); stsc, supratemporal scutes; tym, tympanic membrane;?, area on the surface of the lacrimal lamina that is devoid of exostoses and may mark the location of a diverticulum of a cranial sinus.

Figure 3. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 3. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (the lectotype – NHMUK R1111). The encased skeleton restored as it might have appeared when first discovered, exposed on a series of more or less contiguous blocks of areno-argillaceous limestone (marlstone). The majority of the neck and both forelimbs may have been present originally but were not recovered by the quarrymen who excavated the skeleton.

Figure 2. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 2. Scelidosaurus harrisonii Owen, 1861 (LYMPH 1998 6.1-6.7). The small ('foetal') specimen from Charmouth. Part of the paratype series belonging to the name S. harrisonii. These specimens belong to a small individual and appear to be associated. They were illustrated in Richard Owen's first monograph (Owen, 1861: tab. III).

Figure 9 in Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 9. Scelidosaurus. Attempted reconstruction of the posterodorsal region of the skull showing the general disposition of the stapes–extrastapes, middle ear cavity and tympanum. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital condyle; cnVII, foramen for cranial nerve VII; est, extrastapes (reconstructed); pap, paroccipital process; Pro, proötic; Q, quadrate; Qj, quadratojugal; rw, round window (fenestra rotunda); Sq, squamosal; st, stapes; tym, tympanic annulus and membrane (reconstructed). Shaded area: reconstruction of the middle ear cavity and a ventral branch leading to the throat (Eustachian tube).

Figure 18 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 18. The strict consensus tree produced by phylogenetic analysis of the updated Upchurch et al. (2004a) data set. Bootstrap values are shown as percentages (nodes lacking percentages have bootstrap values of less than 50%). Bremer supports are shown in square brackets.

Figure 17 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 17. The strict consensus tree produced by phylogenetic analysis of the updated Wilson (2002) data set. Bootstrap values are shown as percentages (nodes lacking percentages have bootstrap values of less than 50%). Bremer supports are shown in square brackets.

Figure 15 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 15. Left femur (ZH-2) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, posterior; B, medial; and C, anterior views. Features observed in the femur: D, lateral bulge; E, head deflected medially; and F, bevelling of the distal end of the femur relative to the long axis of the shaft.

Figure 14 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 14. Right ischium (ZH-3) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, posterior; B, lateral views. Fragments of the left ischium (IG 492) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus: C, D, pubic peduncle in anterior (C) and lateral (D) views; E, F, iliac peduncle in dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views.

Figure 13 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 13. Right pubis (IG 489) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, posterior views.

Figure 12. Right metacarpal II in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 12. Right metacarpal II (IG 486, rmc2) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, proximal; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, distal; and F, lateral views.

Figure 9 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 9. Right ulna (IG 483) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, posterior, B, ventral, C, anteromedial, and D, medial views. Right radius (IG 484) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: E, anterior, and F, posterior views.

Figure 10 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 10. Right carpal (IG 485) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, anterior, B, posterior, C, medial, D, lateral, E, ventral, and F, dorsal views. Comparison between different carpals: G, Aragosaurus; H, Turiasaurus; and I, Losillasaurus.

Figure 11. Right metacarpal I in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 11. Right metacarpal I (IG 486, rmc1) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus in: A, lateral; B, dorsal; C, ventral; D, distal; E, medial; and F, proximal views.

Figure 8 in The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaur Aragosaurus ischiaticus

Figure 8. Right humerus (IG 490) of Aragosaurus ischiaticus: A, humerus (in three portions) in anterior view; B, picture of the humerus, after Lapparent (1960), in anterior view; C, proximal portion in posterior view; D, proximal portion in lateral view.