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Fig. 23 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)
Fig. 23. Geographic distribution of Natalus jamaicensis (upside down triangles), N. major (squares), N. primus (circles), and N. stramineus (upright triangles). Open symbols indicate localities represented by bone remains only. Names of localities are listed in appendix 1. Gray shading on land indicates relief, with darknes increasing with altitude.
Fig. 15 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)
Fig. 15. Holotype of Chilonatalus micropus (BMNH 80.12.14.1, ''environs of Kingston,'' Jamaica). Scale bar 5 5 mm.
Fig. 20 in Systematics Of Funnel-Eared Bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae)
Fig. 20. Geographic distribution of Natalus espiritosantensis. Solid circles indicate localities where the species has been collected alive. Open circles indicate localities represented by bone remains only. Names of localities are listed in appendix 1. Gray shading on land indicates relief, with darknes increasing with altitude.
FIG. 22 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats
FIG. 22. Photographs of A, an adult Rhinophylla fischerae and B, an adult R. pumilio, both captured at Jenaro Herrera. Photographs by Marco Tschapka.
FIG. 12 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats
FIG. 12. Anterior views of the chins of Hsunycteris dashe (A, AMNH 273165) and H. pattoni (B, MUSM 13205) illustrating taxonomic differences in the arrangement of the dermal papillae. In H. dashe the chin exhibits several small dermal papillae arranged in a "V" and separated by a wide basal cleft. In H. pattoni, however, the dermal papillae on the chin are larger and are not separated by a basal cleft.
FIG. 36 in Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 4: Bats
FIG. 36. Photographs of an adult Molossops neglectus captured at Jenaro Herrera with (A) mouth closed and (B) mouth open 90°. Photographs by Marco Tschapka.
Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for six southern African bats
<p><span>1. The microsites that animals occupy during the rest phase of their circadian activity cycle influence their physiology and behaviour, but relatively few studies have examined correlations between interspecific variation in thermal physiology and roost microclimate. Among bats, there is some evidence</span> that species exposed to high roost temperatures (<i>T<sub>roost</sub></i>) possess greater heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity, but<span> the small number of species for which both thermal physiology and roost microclimate data exist mean that the generality of this pattern remains unclear. </span></p> <p>2. Here, we test the hypothesis that bat heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity have co-evolved with roost preferences. We predicted that species occupying roosts poorly buffered from high outside environmental temperature exhibit higher heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity compared to species inhabiting buffered roosts in which <i>T<sub>roost</sub></i> remains well below outside conditions.</p> <p>3. We used flow-through respirometry to investigate thermoregulation at air temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>a</sub>) approaching and exceeding normothermic body temperature (<i>T</i><sub>b</sub>) among six <span>species with broadly similar body mass but differing in roost microclimate (hot <i>versus</i> cool roosts). We combined these data with empirical measurements of <i>T</i><sub>roost</sub> for each study population.</span></p> <p>4. Hot-roosting species tolerated <i>T</i><sub>a</sub> ~4 °C higher than cool-roosting bats before the onset of loss of coordinated locomotion and non-regulated hyperthermia. The evaporative scope [i.e., ratio of maximum evaporative water loss (EWL) to minimum thermoneutral EWL] of hot-roosting species (<span><span>16.1 </span></span>± 2.4) was substantially higher than that of cool-roosting species (<span><span>5.9 </span></span>± 2.4). Maximum evaporative cooling capacities (i.e., evaporative heat loss / metabolic heat production) of <span><span>hot-roosting species were > 2, while the corresponding values for cool-roosting species were ≤1. </span></span></p> <p>5. The greater heat tolerance and higher evaporative cooling capacity of hot-roosting species compared with those occupying cooler roosts reveal variation in bat evaporative cooling capacity correlated with roost microclimate, supporting the hypothesis that thermal physiology has co-evolved with roost preference.</p>
Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests
<p>1. Throughout the tropics, regenerating secondary forests occupy vast areas previously cleared for agriculture and cattle ranching. However, despite the importance of regenerating forests in mitigating the pervasive negative consequences of forest loss and fragmentation on forest-associated biodiversity, longitudinal studies on species' phylogenetic responses to matrix regeneration are rare.</p> <p>2. We surveyed bats in continuous primary forest, primary forest fragments and in the regenerating secondary forest matrix of a whole-ecosystem Amazonian fragmentation experiment, ~15 and ~30 years after forest clearance, to investigate how changes in matrix quality through forest recovery affect phylogenetic <i>α</i>- and <i>β</i>-diversity.</p> <p>3. We found that temporal changes in phylogenetic <i>α</i>-richness were more marked in the secondary forest matrix than in forest fragments and continuous forest, evidencing a significant increase in total evolutionary history over time. However, when the effects of species richness were accounted for, the phylogenetic structure of each assemblage was reduced close to zero, evincing a random pattern of lineages in all habitat types. Temporal differences in phylogenetic <i>β</i>-diversity were driven mainly by <i>β</i><sub>replacement </sub>in secondary forest and continuous forest ~30 years after forest clearance. Both habitats also clustered together in terms of <i>β</i><sub>richness</sub>, indicating similar levels of evolutionary heritage. Consequently, regenerating secondary forest showed a reduction in the extinction probability of lineages over time.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Approximately 30 years of secondary forest regeneration were sufficient for phylogenetic richness to recover to levels similar to those observed in continuous forest. Promoting forest succession on degraded land through a combination of natural and active restoration, while ensuring the long-term protection of secondary forests regardless of their age is of key importance for conserving tropical bat diversity and their associated ecosystem services. Such restoration measures would stimulate the recolonization of fragments and matrix habitats by evolutionarily distinct bat species, safeguarding phylogenetically diverse assemblages and ecological functions. Our study suggests that forest restoration in tropical degraded areas should be encouraged and secondary forests be protected by law, especially in countryside ecosystems with high primary forest cover, and in the surroundings of protected areas.</p>
Figure 8 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 8 - Anterior views of the upper incisors and canines in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the number of cuspids of the upper inner incisor (I1). In Sturnira bakeri the I1 is bicuspidate. In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the I1 is unicuspidate.
Figure 7 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 7 - Posterior views of the basioccipital (view through the foramen magnum) in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the degree of development of the clinoid processes. In Sturnira bakeri the clinoid processes are well developed (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the clinoid processes are absent (arrow).
Figure 6 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 6 - Dorsal view of the left zygomatic arches in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the development of the glenoid fossa. In Sturnira bakeri the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is absent (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is well developed (arrow).
Figure 4 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 4 - Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of A Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀). Lateral views of the cranium and mandible of B Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂). Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 5 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 5 - Ventrolateral views of the right orbital region in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the shape of the sphenorbital fissure. In Sturnira bakeri, the sphenorbital fissure is oval (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the sphenorbital fissure is semicircular (arrow).
Figure 3 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 3 - Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the cranium of Sturnira bakeri (QCAZ 14635 ♀) from El Oro, Ecuador. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the cranium of Sturnira burtonlimi (ROM 104294 ♂) from Chiriquí, Panama. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Figure 9 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 9 - Dorsolateral views of the left mandibular toothrows in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira burtonlimi (B, ROM 104294 ♂), illustrating taxonomic differences in the shape of the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2. In Sturnira bakeri, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are well defined and separated by a deep notch (arrows). In Sturnira burtonlimi, however, the metaconid and entoconid of m1 and m2 are poorly defined and are not separated by a deep notch (arrows).
Figure 1 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 1 - Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium and lateral view of the cranium and mandible illustrating the measurements used in the description. For definitions of abbreviations see Methods.
Figure 2 from: Velazco P, Patterson B (2014) Two new species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira Gray, 1842 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Costa Rica, Panama and western Ecuador. ZooKeys 402: 43-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.402.7228
Figure 2 - Map of Central and South America, showing the combined distribution range of species formerly ascribed to Sturnira lilium (gray tone) and the type localities (stars) of species in the Sturnira lilium complex. The localities where Sturnira burtonlimi (top inset) and Sturnira bakeri (bottom inset) occur are also shown; type localities are represented by a star and paratypes with circles. Note that Sturnira burtonlimi and Sturnira luisi occur in sympatry.
Figures 12-13 from: Hastriter M, Bush S (2013) Description of Lentistivalius philippinensis, a new species of flea (Siphonaptera, Pygiosyllomorpha, Stivalidae), and new records of Ascodipterinae (Streblidae) on bats and other small mammals from Luzon, The Philippines. ZooKeys 260: 17-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.260.3971
Figures 12-13 - Lentistivalius philippinensis sp. n., male paratype (P2211). 12 Lateral of hind femur, longitudinal parallel sculpturing 13 Mesal view of hind femur, vertical parallel sculpturing 14–15 Lentistivalius philippinensis, sp. n., male holotype (P2316) 14 Hind tibia 15 Hind tarsi. (Scale: Figs 12–13 = 100µ; Figs 14–15 = 200µ)
Figure 1 from: Hastriter M, Bush S (2013) Description of Lentistivalius philippinensis, a new species of flea (Siphonaptera, Pygiosyllomorpha, Stivalidae), and new records of Ascodipterinae (Streblidae) on bats and other small mammals from Luzon, The Philippines. ZooKeys 260: 17-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.260.3971
Figure 1 - Sampling locations on the island of Luzon (n = number of mammals examined at each site). Stars indicate the location of ascodipterons and fleas discussed in this paper. a Mt. Pao (n=38) and Mt. Cabacan (n=38) b Mt. Cagua site 1 (n=62) and Mt. Cagua site 2 (n=32) c Casiguran (n = 16) d Maria Aurora (n=34) e Sitio Minoli (n=56) and nearby field site (n=24) f Zabali (n=39) g Tower site (n=14) h Angat (n=3); and i Burdeos (n=1). Photo courtesy of S. Villa.
Figures 2-3 from: Hastriter M, Bush S (2013) Description of Lentistivalius philippinensis, a new species of flea (Siphonaptera, Pygiosyllomorpha, Stivalidae), and new records of Ascodipterinae (Streblidae) on bats and other small mammals from Luzon, The Philippines. ZooKeys 260: 17-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.260.3971
Figures 2-3 - Cysts containing neosomes of Maabella stomalata. 2 Cyst located on dorsal surface directly over wing digit number five of Rhinolophus sp. (species undetermined) 3 Cyst located on dorsal surface directly over the radius-ulna/thumb joint of Rhinolophus inops. Arrow depicts caudal disc (spiracle breathing structure) protruding through the skin.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.