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Midacrit'lt8 stuardoanus Seguy, male genitalia: 93, ventral view; ~)4, dorsal view; 95, lateral view. in The American Genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the Description of three new Genera and two new Species

Midacrit'lt8 stuardoanus Seguy, male genitalia: 93, ventral view; ~)4, dorsal view; 95, lateral view.

Bullae: 44, Apiophora paulseni Philippi; 45, Dolicliottaster brevicornis (Wiedemannj; 46, Eumydas corwpas, gen. n., sp, n.: 47, Messiasia pertenuis (Johnson); 48, Midacritus stuardoanue Seguy: 49, Mitrodetus dentitarsis (Macquart); 50, Opomudas atiuimus Seguy; 51, Mydas lividus Curran; 52, Nemomydas venosus (Loew); 53, Parctmydas igniticornis (Bigot); 54, Phyllomydas scitulus (Wiltiston): 55, Pluomudas peruviensis, gen. n., sp. n.; 56, Pseudo nomoneura hirta (Coquillett): 57, Pseudorliopalui mirandai (d'Andretta & Carrera). in The American Genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the Description of three new Genera and two new Species

Bullae: 44, Apiophora paulseni Philippi; 45, Dolicliottaster brevicornis (Wiedemannj; 46, Eumydas corwpas, gen. n., sp, n.: 47, Messiasia pertenuis (Johnson); 48, Midacritus stuardoanue Seguy: 49, Mitrodetus dentitarsis (Macquart); 50, Opomudas atiuimus Seguy; 51, Mydas lividus Curran; 52, Nemomydas venosus (Loew); 53, Parctmydas igniticornis (Bigot); 54, Phyllomydas scitulus (Wiltiston): 55, Pluomudas peruviensis, gen. n., sp. n.; 56, Pseudo nomoneura hirta (Coquillett): 57, Pseudorliopalui mirandai (d'Andretta & Carrera).

Fig. 43 in The American Genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the Description of three new Genera and two new Species

Fig. 43, Thorax of a Mydidae; ant: anterior mesonotum (prescutum); coi-L: coxa 1; ex-2: coxa 2; ex-3: coxa 3; eps-L: episternum 1; h.: halter; hum: humerus; hypo: laterotergite ("hypopleuron"); kem.; katepimeron; m-1: epimeron 1; m-2: epimeron 2; meso: mesopleuron; rnpl: metapleura; mts: metasternum; post: posterior mesonotum (scutum); psl: postscutellum (mediotergite): ptero: pteropleuron; s: spiracle; s-t: sternite 1; 8-2: sternite 2; sel: scutellum; sterno: sternopleuron; t-1a: tergite 1 (anterior); t-1p: tergite 1 (posterior); t-z: tergite 2.

Antennae: 30, Opornydas limbat1ts (Williston); 31, Opomydas town sendi (Williston); 32, Paramydas igniticornis (Bigot); 33, Plyornydas peruoieneis, gen. n., sp. n.; 34, Plyllomydas scitulus (Williston); 35, Phyllomydas phyllocerus Bigot; 36, Ph.ullomiuia« bruesii Johnson; 37, Pliullomuda« currani Hardy; 38, Pseudonomoneura californica. (Hardy); 39, Pseudonomoneura tinkhami (Hardy); 40, Pseudonomoneura micheneri (James); 41, Pseudonomoneura hirta (Coquillett): 42, Nemomudas lamia (Seguy). in The American Genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the Description of three new Genera and two new Species

Antennae: 30, Opornydas limbat1ts (Williston); 31, Opomydas town sendi (Williston); 32, Paramydas igniticornis (Bigot); 33, Plyornydas peruoieneis, gen. n., sp. n.; 34, Plyllomydas scitulus (Williston); 35, Phyllomydas phyllocerus Bigot; 36, Ph.ullomiuia« bruesii Johnson; 37, Pliullomuda« currani Hardy; 38, Pseudonomoneura californica. (Hardy); 39, Pseudonomoneura tinkhami (Hardy); 40, Pseudonomoneura micheneri (James); 41, Pseudonomoneura hirta (Coquillett): 42, Nemomudas lamia (Seguy).

Antennae: 13, Apiophora paulseni Philippi; 14, Dolichogaster brevicornis (Wiedemann); 15, Eumyaas ecru/pas, gen. n., sp. n.; 16, Heteromutias bicolor Hardy; 17, Messiasia decor (Osten Sacken); 18, Messuieu: polita (Wiedemann); 19, Messiasia pertenuis (Johnson); 20, Midacritus stuardoanus Seguy: 21, Mitrodetus dentitarsis (Macquar't): 22, Mydas clavatus (Drury); 23, Mydas xanthopterus Loew; 24, Mydas luteipennis, Loew; 25, Mydas dives Westwood; 26, Mydas rubidapex Wiedemann; 27, Nemomudas pantherinus (Cerstaecker): 28, Nemomudas melanopooon. SteYskal; 29, Opornydas athamus (Seguy): in The American Genera of Mydidae (Diptera), with the Description of three new Genera and two new Species

Antennae: 13, Apiophora paulseni Philippi; 14, Dolichogaster brevicornis (Wiedemann); 15, Eumyaas ecru/pas, gen. n., sp. n.; 16, Heteromutias bicolor Hardy; 17, Messiasia decor (Osten Sacken); 18, Messuieu: polita (Wiedemann); 19, Messiasia pertenuis (Johnson); 20, Midacritus stuardoanus Seguy: 21, Mitrodetus dentitarsis (Macquar't): 22, Mydas clavatus (Drury); 23, Mydas xanthopterus Loew; 24, Mydas luteipennis, Loew; 25, Mydas dives Westwood; 26, Mydas rubidapex Wiedemann; 27, Nemomudas pantherinus (Cerstaecker): 28, Nemomudas melanopooon. SteYskal; 29, Opornydas athamus (Seguy):

Fig. 8 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 8. Crossopalpus complicatus sp. nov., male holotype, terminalia (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS). A. Right surstyli. B. Lateral view of right epandrial lamella. C. Dorsal view of epandrium, with detail of left surstyli. D. Tip of right surstylus from inside. Scales: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 1. Aphrosylus salensis sp. nov., male holotype, habitus (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS).

Fig. 2 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 2. Aphrosylus salensis sp. nov., male holotype, terminalia. A. Epandrium, lateral view. B. Cerci, dorsal view. C. Ventral surstylus, lateral view. D. Ventral view of epandrium, below the epandrial lobes. E. Ventral view of epandrium. Scales: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 5. Crossopalpus salensis sp. nov., male paratype, terminalia (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS). A. Right epandrial lamella with right surstylus. B. Dorsal view of epandrium. C. Tip of right surstylus, with left surstyli below. D. Left surstyli, lateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 7. Crossopalpus complicatus sp. nov., male holotype, habitus (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS).

Fig. 6 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 6. View of the sebkha to the northwest of Santa Maria (Sal), where Crossopalpus salensis sp. nov. was recorded.

Fig. 4 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 4. Crossopalpus salensis sp. nov., male holotype, habitus (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS).

Fig. 3 in Empidoid flies from Cabo Verde (Diptera, Empidoidea, Dolichopodidae and Hybotidae) are not only composed of Old World tropical species

Fig. 3. Tachytrechus tessellatus (Macquart, 1842), male, habitus (leg. P. Grootaert and I. Van de Velde, RBINS; photo credit Rene Ong). Scale: 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 9. Terminalia of the 'D. vulcana species complex'. A, C, E. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 (MNHN). A, C. ♂. E. ♀. B, D, F. D. mylenae David & Yassin sp. nov. (MNHN). B, D. ♂. F. ♀. Scale bars: A–B = 50 µm; D–F = 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 2. Comparison of Bayesian phylogenies of the 'D. seguyi species subgroup' Yassin, 2018 inferred from mitochondrial COI (left) and nuclear Amyrel (right) genes. Nodes supported by>95% posterior probability (pp) are labeled with black circles. An asterisk refers to species sequenced here, whereas two asterisks refer to the sequence of D. vulcana Graber, 1957 of Da Lage et al. (2007), which turned out to belong to D. seguyi Smart, 1945 from Kenya (see the text). Note the discrepancy in position of different geographical strains of D. bakoue Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974 (in red) between the two genes. Species belonging to 'D. bocqueti species complex' Tsacas & Lachaise, 1974, 'D. bakoue species complex' Rafael, 1984, 'D. nikananu species complex' Tsacas & Chassagnard, 1992, and 'D. megapyga species complex' Lachaise & Tsacas, 2001 are highlighted in orange, green, yellow and red, respectively.

Fig. 1 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogeny of 19 species from the 'D. montium species group' Da Lage, 2007 inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Nodes supported by 100% posterior probability (pp) are not labeled, those with pp> 90% or 60% are labeled with gray and white circles, respectively. Species belonging to the 'D. bocqueti species complex' and the 'D. bakoue species complex' are highlighted in orange and green, respectively. 'K' and 'B' refer to the strains of D. aff tsacasi Bock & Wheeler, 1972 from Kenya and Bioko Island, respectively.

Fig. 6 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 6. Female oviscapts of the 'D. seguyi species complex'. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). C–D. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). E–F. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). G–H. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. (MNHN). Scale bars: A, C, E, G = 100 µm; B, D, F, H = 50 µm.

Fig. 5 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 5. Male terminalia of the 'D. seguyi species complex'. A. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). B. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). C. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). D–F. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. Scale bars: A–D = 50 µm; E–F = 100 µm..

Fig. 4. Adult habitus. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 4. Adult habitus. A–B. D. seguyi Smart, 1945 (MNHN). A. ♂. B. ♀. C–D. D. malagassya Tsacas & Rafael, 1982 (MNHN). C. ♂. D. ♀. E–F. D. curta Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1997 (MNHN). E. ♂. F. ♀. G–H. D. chocolata Yassin & David sp. nov. (MNHN). G. ♂. H. ♀. Only dark morphs of females of species with female-limited color dimorphism are shown. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8. Adult habitus. A–B. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 in Resolving the synonymy and polyphyly of the ' Drosophila bakoue species complex' (Diptera: Drosophilidae: ' D. montium species group') with descriptions of two new species from Madagascar

Fig. 8. Adult habitus. A–B. D. vulcana Graber, 1957 (MNHN). A. ♂. B. ♀. C–D. D. mylenae David & Yassin sp. nov. (MNHN). C. ♂. D. ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm.