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5,023 results for “landing”
Accelerated landing in a stingless bee and its unexpected benefits for traffic congestion
<p>To land, flying animals must simultaneously reduce speed and control their path to the target. While the control of approach speed has been studied in many different animals, little is known about the effect of target size on landing, particularly for small targets that require precise trajectory control. To begin to explore this, we recorded the stingless bee <i>Scaptotrigona depilis</i> landing on their natural hive entrance – a narrow wax tube built by the bees themselves. Rather than decelerating before touchdown as most animals do,<i> S. depilis</i> accelerates in preparation for its high precision landings on the narrow tube of wax. A simulation of traffic at the hive suggests that this counterintuitive landing strategy could confer a collective advantage to the colony by minimising the risk of mid-air collisions and thus of traffic congestion. If the simulated size of the hive entrance increases and if traffic intensity decreases relative to the measured real-world values, 'accelerated landing' ceases to provide a clear benefit, suggesting that it is only a useful strategy when target cross-section is small and landing traffic is high. We discuss this strategy in the context of<i> S. depilis'</i> ecology and propose that it is an adaptive behaviour that benefits foraging and nest defence.</p>
Data from: Contrasting effects of land cover on nesting habitat use and reproductive output for bumble bees
<p><span><span><a name="_Hlk64216363">Understanding habitat quality is central to understanding the distributions of species on the landscape, as well as to conserving and restoring at-risk species. Although it is well-known that many species require different resources throughout their life cycles, pollinator conservation efforts focus almost exclusively on forage resources. In this study, we evaluate nesting habitat for bumble bees by locating nests directly on the landscape. We compared colony density and colony reproductive output for <i>Bombus impatiens, </i>the common eastern bumble bee, across three different land cover types (hay fields, meadows, and forests). We also assessed nesting habitat associations for all <i>Bombus</i> nests located during surveys to tease apart species-specific patterns of habitat use. We found that <i>B. impatiens</i> nested under the ground in two natural land cover types, forests and meadows, but found no <i>B. impatiens</i> nests in hay fields. Though <i>B. impatiens</i> nested at similar densities in both meadows and forests, colonies in forests had much higher reproductive output<i>. </i></a>In contrast, <i>B. griseocollis</i> tended to nest on the surface of the ground and was almost always found in meadows. <i>B. perplexis</i> was the only species to nest in all three habitat types, including hay fields. For some bumble bee species in this system, meadows, the habitat type with abundant forage resources, may be sufficient to maintain them throughout their life cycles. However, <i>B. impatiens</i> might benefit from heterogeneous landscapes with forests and meadows. Results for <i>B. impatiens</i> emphasize the longstanding notion that habitat use is not always positively correlated with habitat quality (as measured by reproductive output). Our results also show that habitat selection by bumble bees at one spatial scale may be influenced by resources at other scales. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct nest searches for understanding bumble bee distribution and ecology. </span></span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 37. Towards a stable, informative classification of the Lepidoziaceae (Marchantiophyta)
FIGURE 1. Summary of phylogenetic relationships in the Lepidoziaceae. Only those groups strongly supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses are shown (Cooper et al. 2011, 2012) and all other relationships are collapsed to polytomies. Taxa that have not yet been included in a molecular phylogenetic study are indicated by dotted lines. Only Mastigopelma can be inserted in the phylogeny with any confidence. Thick grey bars indicate those groups whose representatives in the molecular phylogeny did not form supported monophyletic groups. Boxes are drawn around groups recognised in the interim classification. The uncertain status of Arachniopsis is indicated by placing it in parentheses alongside Telaranea. Telaranea and Arachniopsis have been considered synonyms, with Telaranea the conserved name (Engel & Smith Merrill 2002), but the types have not been included in phylogenetic analyses and it is unclear whether one or more genera will be necessary to accommodate the species here retained in Telaranea.
FIGURE 1 in Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 40. Notes on Cephaloziellaceae (Marchantiophyta)
FIGURE 1. Label and annotations of the type specimen of Cephaloziella granatensis in G. This specimen was used by Douin describing his Cephalozia evansioides. Published with permission from G.
Land surface modeling over the Dry Chaco: the impact of model structures, and soil, vegetation and land cover parameters
<p>The datasets archived here include simulation results shown in the paper, “Land surface modeling over the Dry Chaco: the impact of model structures, and soil, vegetation and land cover parameters”, published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Maertens et al., 2021). The simulations were conducted over the South-American Dry Chaco and output on the different water budget components was produced with three land surface models (CLM2.0, CLSM-F2.5, and Noah3.6) embedded in the NASA Land Information System (LIS). The default LIS parameters were revised with (i) improved soil parameters, (ii) satellite-based interannually varying vegetation indices (leaf area index and green vegetation fraction), and (iii) yearly land cover information. For each experiment described in the manuscript, we provide daily netcdf files (0.125° resolution, period Jan 1992 – Dec 2015). The conducted experiments are simulations with (i) default LIS parameters (BL), (ii) updated soil parameters (REV<sub>s</sub>) and (iii) interannualy varying vegetation and land cover parameters (REV<sub>SV</sub>).<br> For details, please refer to</p> <p>Maertens, M., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Apers, S., Kumar, S. V., and Mahanama, S. P. P.: Land Surface modeling over the Dry Chaco: the impact of model structures, and soil, vegetation and land cover parameters, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.</p> <p>Please contact Michiel Maertens (michiel.maertens@kuleuven.be) or Gabriëlle De Lannoy (gabrielle.delannoy@kuleuven.be) for any questions.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 46. Transfer of Vitalianthus urubuensis (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) to Cheilolejeunea
FIGURE 1. Cheilolejeunea urubuensis (Zartman & I.L.Ackerman) R.L.Zhu & Y.M.Wei. A. Portion of plant with perianth. B. Portion of plant, showing underleaves. C. Portion of plant, ventral view. D. Leaf, ventral view. E, F. Leaf lobule, showing a hyaline papilla (arrow). A from Laura V. Campos 713 (HSNU); B, F from Laura V. Campos 712 (HSNU); C-E from C.E. Zartman 2626 (isotype, DUKE).
Supporting data for 68 LECs in the two candidate landing areas of China's first Mars mission (Tianwen-1)
<p>For all 68 LECs (44 in SUIP and 24 in SCP): (1) the CSFD-based dating plots, (2) the CTX mosaic for their ejecta deposits outline (blue line) and identifiable superposed craters (red circles), (3) the resulting SCC files (used for dating) for individual LECs exported from ArcGIS with the “Crater Tools", and (4) the geologic maps arranged in ArcGIS version shown in Figure 3 are here provided as supporting data. They have been introduced in the following publication, where more details can be found:</p> <p> </p> <p>Shengli Niu, Feng Zhang, Kaichang Di, Sheng Gou, Zongyu Yue</p> <p><strong>Layered Ejecta Craters in </strong><strong>the Candidate Landing Areas of </strong><strong>China's First Mars Mission (Tianwen-1)</strong><strong>: Implications for Subsurface Volatile Concentrations</strong></p> <p>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 127, e2021JE007089. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE007089</p>
Code and Data: WRF v.3.9 sensitivity to land surface model and horizontal resolution changes over North America
<p>Data and code used to obtain results published in Garcia-Garcia et al 2021: WRF v.3.9 sensitivity to land surface model and horizontal resolution changes over North America. Submited to<em> Geosci. Model Dev</em>.</p>
FIGURE 1. Lejeunea deplanata Nees var. deplanata. A in Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 57. Cheilolejeunea boliviensis and Cheilolejeunea savesiana, two new synonyms in Lejeunea (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae)
FIGURE 1. Lejeunea deplanata Nees var. deplanata. A. Portion of plant with gynoecia, ventral view. B. Gynoecium, ventral view. C. Leaf, ventral view. D. Leaf lobule. E. Underleaf. F. Apical marginal cells of leaf lobe. G. Median cells of leaf lobe. H. Basal cells of leaf lobe. All from Herzog 3804 (isotype, JE).
Figure 6 in The reproductive strategies of clausiliid land snails from Northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Figure 6. Shell growth of 10 neonates of Phaedusa paviei (a) and 10 hatchlings of Oospira vanbuensis (b).
Figure 5 in The reproductive strategies of clausiliid land snails from Northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Figure 5. Fecundity of pairs of Phaedusa paviei (n = 20) and Oospira vanbuensis (n = 10). Fecundities per month and per observation differ significantly between species (Mann–Whitney U-test; p <0.05).
Figure 3 in The reproductive strategies of clausiliid land snails from Northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Figure 3. Progeny retained by dissected individuals of Phaedusa paviei (a). Broods of individuals kept under humid and dry conditions (b). Figures above bars indicate sample size.
Figure 2 in The reproductive strategies of clausiliid land snails from Northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Figure 2. Embryos removed from reproductive tract of Phaedusa paviei (a, c), neonates of P. paviei (b, d), eggs of Oospira vanbuensis laid in laboratory culture (e) and hachling of O. vanbuensis (f). Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 1 in The reproductive strategies of clausiliid land snails from Northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Figure 1. Shell and clausilium of Oospira vanbuensis (a, c) and Phaedusa paviei (b, d, e). Scale bar – 1 mm.
The supplement of land abandonment study
<p>The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1, Figure S1: The differences of soil nutrients caused by human interferences. Columns in the same plot followed by the same letter are not different (p > 0.05) according to Kruskal-Wallis test, Figure S1: The correlation analysis of soil properties in each year, based on Spearman’s Rank correlation analysis. Only significant Spearman’s coefficients is shown (p < 0.05), Figure S3: Mantel test between soil properties and microbial community structure. *, ** and *** are used to show statistical significance at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level, respectively, Figure S4: The results of LDA on bacterial communities. The unclassified bacteria was removed, Figure S5: The results of LDA on fungal communities. The unclassified fungi was removed, Figure S6: The relative importance ranks of edaphic and human factors on microbial communities, based on %IncMSE of random forests model.</p>
Figure 2 in Taxonomic revision of the orthalicid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) from Trindade Island, Brazil
Figure 2. (A–C) Bulimulus brunoi (holotype, MNRJ 1128; H = 19.4 mm). (D) B. brunoi (MNRJ 1129; H = 20.7 mm). (E, F) B. brunoi, protoconch and teleoconch sculpture (MZSP 101245). (G) Naesiotus arnaldoi (holotype, MNRJ 3105; H = 9.5 mm). (H–J) N. arnaldoi (MZSP 104740; H = 10.8 mm). (K) N. arnaldoi (paratype, MNRJ 3105; H = 10 mm). (L) N. arnaldoi, protoconch sculpture (MZSP 101244). (M–O) Vegrandinia trindadensis (MZSP 104742; 5.2 mm). (P, Q) V. trindadensis (holotype, MNRJ 3711; H = 7 mm). (R, S) V. trindadensis (MZSP 104743), (R) protoconch sculpture, (S) broken aperture showing the lamellae.
Figure 1. Amaga amagensis. NHM 1928 in Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)
Figure 1. Amaga amagensis. NHM 1928. (A) Transverse reconstruction of pre-pharyngeal region. (B) Transverse section of pre-pharyngeal region, showing dorsal position of testes. (C) Transverse section of glandular ridge. See text for abbreviations.
Figure 6 in Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)
Figure 6. (A) Bogga bogotensis. ZMA V.Pl. 6904.1, sagittal section of secretory papillae. (B) Amaga amagensis. NHM 1928, sagittal section of branch of prostatic vesicle. (C) Bogga bogotensis. Holotype, sagittal reconstruction drawing of position of the ovaries. (D) Bogga bogotensis, ZMA V.Pl. 6904.1, sagittal section of secretory papillae. See text for abbreviations.
Figure 3 in Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)
Figure 3. Bogga bogotensis. (A) ZMA V.Pl. 6904.1, anterior region showing eye distribution. (B) ZMA V.Pl. 6904.1, external features of preserved specimen. (C) Holotype ZMB 743, external features of preserved specimen. See text for abbreviations.
Figure 2. Amaga amagensis. NHM 1928 in Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)
Figure 2. Amaga amagensis. NHM 1928. (A) Sagittal reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of specimen B. (B) Sagittal reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of specimen A. See text for abbreviations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.