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Fig. 5. A in The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus

Fig. 5. A. Strict consensus cladogram of 435 most parsimonious trees (length = 149, C.I. = 0.732, R.I. = 0.759) showing the phylogenetic position of Hadrosaurus foulkii within Hadrosauridae. Letters correspond to the location of synapomorphies supporting the clades (with numbers representing characters and character states, respectively, listed in the Appendix 1). Numbers correspond to bootstrap values after 1000 replicates. Numbers between parentheses are decay indices. B. 50% marjority rule cladogram showing H. foulkii as a member of the Hadrosaurinae. Letters correspond to the location of synapomorphies supporting the clades (with numbers representing characters and character states, respectively, listed in the Appendix 1). Numbers correspond to the majority rule frequencies for each clade. Both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN options resulted in the same distribution of synapomorphies in the estimated phylogenies. Numbers between parentheses are decay indices.

Fig. 4. Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 in The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus

Fig. 4. Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 (ANSP 10005), Haddonfield, New Jersey, U.S.A., Woodbury Formation, Campanian, Upper Cretaceous. A. Left femur in caudal view. B. Left tibia in cranial view. C. Left fibula in lateral view. D. Left metatarsal IV in dorsal (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. Left metatarsal II in dorsal (E1) and medial (E2) views.

Fig. 7 in The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus

Fig. 7. Relationship between two ratios in the pubis of several hadrosaurid dinosaurs. P, total length of the pubis, from the acetabular edge to the cranial edge of the prepubic process; p, length of the proximal constriction of the prepubic process, from the iliac peduncle to the most proximal and highest point of the dorsal border of the pubic blade; w, minimum breadth of the proximal constriction of the prepubic process; and B, maximum breadth of the pubic blade between the end of "p" and the ventral end of a perpendicular line taken from the end of "p". The star symbol represents Hadrosaurus minor (ANSP 15202). Letters within squares represent the following taxa: B = Brachylophosaurus canadensis; C = Corythosaurus casuarius; E = Edmontosaurus annectens; E'= E. regalis; H = Hypacrosaurus altispinus; H'= H. stebingeri; K = Kritosaurus latidens; M = Maiasaura peeblesorum; P = Prosaurolophus blackfeetensis; S = Saurolophus osborni.

Fig. 2. Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 in The dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii, from the Campanian of the East Coast of North America, with a reevaluation of the genus

Fig. 2. Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 (ANSP 10005), Haddonfield, New Jersey, U.S.A., Woodbury Formation, Campanian, Upper Cretaceous. A. Left radius in dorsal view. B. Left ulna in medial view . C. Left humerus in anteromedial view. D. Partial left coracoid in glenoidal (D1) and craniolateral (D2) views. E. Schematic drawing of a generalized hadrosaurid coracoid showing in white the preserved region displayed in D.

Fig. 4 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 4. Partial left maxilla of an archosaur (TMM 41936-1.1), Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic, found with and possibly referable to neotheropod Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., in lateral (A), ventral (B), and medial (C) views, arrows indicate anterior direction. D. A replacement tooth in labial view within the fourth alveolus in anterolateral view (D 2), close up (D ).

Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 3. The referred left femur of neotheropod Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic (TMM 41936-1.3) in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views and the bone tissues of the femur (D) through the entire cortex on the anterolateral side (C) and the middle and outer cortex on the posterolateral side (D). Arrows indicate the direction of the external surface of the femur.

Fig. 5 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships of early theropod dinosaurs recovered here highlighting the phylogenetic position of Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov. with the holotype only (A), simplified strict consensus of six MPTs, TL = 1058, CI = 0.5311, RI = 0.8250) or with all of the hypothesized material (B), simplified strict consensus of 18 MPTs, TL = 1061, CI = 0.5383, RI = 0.8303). The original taxon list and relationships outside of Dinosauria and within Ornithischia are exactly the same as that of Nesbitt et al. (2009b).

Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 1. Map of the type locality of Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov. near Signal Peak, southeast of Big Spring, Texas. The dotted circle is the approximate area that holotype came from and its relationship to the famous Otis Chalk localities.

Fig. 2 in The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: A new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas

Fig. 2. Comparisons of almost naturally articulated ankle complexes of neotheropods. A. Lepidus praecisio gen. et sp. nov., Otis Chalk area, Dockum Group, Late Triassic (TMM 41936-1.3). B. Camposaurus arizonensis Hunt, Lucas, Heckert, Sullivan, and Lockley, 1998, Placerias Quarry, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic UCMP 34498), reversed. C. Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887, Coelophysis Quarry, Chinle Formation, Late Triassic (AMNH FARB 30615). D. Zupaysaurus rougieri Arcucci and Coria, 2003, Colorados Formation, Late Triassic (PULR 076), reversed. Left (A, C) and right (B, D) tibia, fibula, and astragalocalcaneum in anterior (A 1–D1), medial (A2–D2), posterior (A3–D3), lateral (A4–D4), and ventral (A5–D5) views, arrows indicate anterior direction.

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Fig. 2 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphy of the East Coast Basin, showing the Miocene−age seep carbonates that occur as isolated lenses within the mudstones of the Tolaga Group. The organic−rich, underlying Waipawa Black Shale is thought to be one of the likely source rocks. Abbreviations: Bx, Bexhaven Limestone; Ih, Ihungia Limestone; To, Tolaga Group; Wb, Weber Formation; Wn, Wanstead Formation; Wp, Waipawa Black Shale. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 1 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 1. Overview of relevant geology of the East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand, showing locations of the fossil seep deposits from which type specimens and a possible specimen of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. were collected. 1. Puketawa. 2. Rocky Knob. 3. Ugly Hill. CP, Cape Palliser; HSZ, Hikurangi subduction zone; M, Marlborough; TVZ, Taupo Volcanic Zone. Also shown are some of the modern offshore seeps on the Hikurangi margin, including Ritchie Ridge, from which several modern Provanna specimens have been reported. Inset shows the Hikurangi subduction zone as part of the transpressive boundary between the Indo−Australian and Pacific Plates. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 3 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Field photographs showing the Middle Miocene Rocky Knob type locality and collection location of the assemblages that yielded most of the specimens of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. A. Main scarp of the deposit, white asterisk marks the collection location. B. Slab in which an assemblage (arrowed) was found, located a few metres from a smaller block (not pictured) that yielded the majority of the specimens; locations of photos C and D marked by squares. C, D. Other taxa (arrowed) found in association with the assemblage within the boulder. C. Worm tubes (wide arrow) and lucinid bivalves (thin arrows). D. Bathymodioline bivalves. Photographs taken by KAC (1997: fig. 3A) and KPS (2008: fig. 3B–D).

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Fig. 1 in A New Genus of "Miacid" Carnivoran from the Earliest Eocene of Europe and North America

Fig. 1. "Miacid" carnivoran Gracilocyon solei sp. nov., from the earliest Eocene of the Tienen Formation, Dormaal, Belgium, in labial (A1–D1), occlusal (A2–D2), and lingual (A3, B3) views. A. IRSNB M 1325 (TS46), Rp4. B. IRSNB M 1326 (D133), Lm2. C. IRSNB M 1327 (DIII314RS, holotype), LM1. D. IRSNB M 1328 (DIII795RS), LM2. SEM micrographs.

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Fig. 2 in A New Genus of "Miacid" Carnivoran from the Earliest Eocene of Europe and North America

Fig. 2. "Miacid" carnivoran Gracilocyon winkleri (Gingerich, 1983) comb. nov., from the early Eocene of the Willwood formation, locality Sc−210 (Wa−2), Clark's Fork basin, Wyoming, USA, UM 75432 (holotype). Left dentary with p4–m2 in oblique labial (A), labial (B), occlusal (C), and lingual (D) views.

Fig. 12 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 12. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Clawshaped phalanx (MPUR 151/41), in dorsal (A) and right lateral (B) views.

Fig. 8 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 8. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Fragmentary rib (MPUR 151/69) showing syndiagenetic fractures perpendicular to its long axis.

Fig. 10 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 10. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Proximal portion of a dorsal rib (MPUR 151/62).

Fig. 7 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 7. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del Vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Distal portion of the left ulna crushed before burial (MPUR 151/63). The fractures are angular and mostly perpendicular to the bone shaft.

Fig. 11 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 11. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Nonungual phalanx (MPUR 151/4), in dorsal (A) and left lateral (B) views.

Fig. 9 in A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography

Fig. 9. Caseid pelycosaur cf. Cotylorhynchus sp. from Cala del vino Formation, Permian: Late Kungurian–Roadian; NW Sardinia, Italy. Caudal vertebra (MPUR 151/27), in lateral (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views.