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Fig. 19. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 19. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, male from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrows point at unique brush of modified hairs. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Fig. 15 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 15. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviation: dp, dorsal process. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 4. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 4. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK Kra55). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Fig. 11 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 11. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). Epigyna, ventral and lateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm (all at same scale).
Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm.
Fig. 14 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 14. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Fig. 32 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 32. Pholcophora? "Cu12-325", female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12-325). A–B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views. C–D. Abdomen, ventral and lateral views. E. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view. F. Detail of median internal structures, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–D = 0.3 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm.
Fig. 18 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A. Ocular area, frontal view. B. Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, posterior view. D. Spinnerets. E. Palpal tarsal organ (and base of 'regular' hair). F. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm.
Fig. 17 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 17. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), cleared female genitalia. A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.2 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 26 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 26. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = distal process; rda = retrolateral-dorsal apophysis. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 1. Relationships of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 and Tolteca Huber, 2000 derived from analysis of molecular data using IQ-Tree and the ClipKIT gappy trimming strategy. Newly generated CO1 sequences (codes starting with N) were combined with data from Eberle et al. (2018) (all other codes). Numbers on the branches are SH-aLRT supports (%). The tree shows only the ingroups and the Ninetinae outgroups. Clade colours are as in Figs 2 and 35. For the complete tree, and for clade support using different alignment strategies, see Supp. file 1: Fig. S76. Photos on the right from top to bottom: Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; Papiamenta savonet Huber, 2000; Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov.
Fig. 22. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 22. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). A–B. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. C–D. Detail of median internal structures in two different specimens (slightly different angles of view). Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in Catalogue and red list of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) from South America
Fig. 1. Distribution of Acalypha L. in South America. Black dots represent georeferenced Acalypha herbarium collections studied by us.
Opposing patterns of altitude-driven pollinator turnover in the tropical and temperate Americas
<p><span>Abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) vary markedly along elevational gradients and differentially affect major groups of pollinators. Ectothermic bees, for example, are impeded in visiting flowers by cold and rainy conditions common at high elevations, while endothermic hummingbirds may continue foraging under such conditions. Despite the possibly far-reaching effects of the abiotic environment on plant-pollinator interactions, we know little about how these factors play out at broad ecogeographic scales. We address this knowledge gap by investigating how pollination systems vary across elevations in 26 plant clades from the Americas. Specifically, we explore Cruden's 1972 hypothesis that the harsh montane environment drives a turnover from insect to vertebrate pollination at higher elevations. We compared the elevational distribution and bioclimatic attributes for a total of 2232 flowering plants and found that Cruden's hypothesis only holds in the tropics. Above 30° N and below 30°S, plants pollinated by vertebrates (mostly hummingbirds) tend to occur at lower elevations than those pollinated by insects. We posit that this latitudinal transition is due to the distribution of moist, forested habitats favored by vertebrate pollinators, which are common at high elevations in the tropics but not in the temperate Americas.</span></p>
GlobBiomass dataset of forest biomass, South America S (25 m)
<p>The dataset consists of a map of above ground forest biomass (AGB, unit: tons/ha i.e., Mg/ha) of the South American region (between 60°S and 10°S) for the year 2010 (raster dataset) with a pixel size of 25 m x 25 m. AGB is defined as the mass, expressed as oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees excluding stump and roots. Per-pixel estimates of above-ground biomass uncertainty expressed as standard error in Mg/ha (raster dataset) are also provided. </p> <p>The AGB estimates were obtained from spaceborne SAR (ALOS PALSAR, Envisat ASAR), optical (Landsat-7), LiDAR (ICESAT), auxiliary datasets with multiple estimation procedures (Santoro et al., ESSD, 2021). </p> <p>In this repository, the AGB data are available in form of tiles of 2° x 2° (bounding box: longitude -180°E/-26°E latitude: -60°N/-10°N).</p> <p>This dataset is the basis for the official GlobBiomass dataset consisting of global estimates of forest biomass with 1 ha pixels (<a href="https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711">https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711</a>). The dataset in this repository represents the original GlobBiomass dataset of AGB from which the official dataset was obtained after averaging from 25 m to 100 m. Given the lower accuracy of the 25 m pixel-based estimates, it is recommended to use the official GlobBiomass dataset unless detailed spatial resolution is a fundamental asset. </p> <p>Technical specifications are provided in the file README_GLOBBIOMASS_South_America_S_20210428.pdf</p>
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree estimated from the 215 in Morphological and Molecular Identification of Isospora sepetibensis (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from a New Host, Trichothraupis melanops (Passeriformes: Thraupidae: Tachyphoninae) in South America
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree estimated from the 215 bp long cox1 sequences. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support (1,000 replicates; only values> 50% shown) for Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood, respectively. The scale-bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree estimated from the cox1 in Morphological and Molecular Identification of Isospora sepetibensis (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from a New Host, Trichothraupis melanops (Passeriformes: Thraupidae: Tachyphoninae) in South America
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree estimated from the cox1 sequences. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support (1,000 replicates; only values> 50% shown) for Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood, respectively. The scale-bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Fig. 1 in Morphological and Molecular Identification of Isospora sepetibensis (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from a New Host, Trichothraupis melanops (Passeriformes: Thraupidae: Tachyphoninae) in South America
Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of sporulated oocysts of Isospora sepetibensis, a coccidium species recovered from the black-goggled tanager Trichothraupis melanops. Note the inner (il) and outer (ol) layer of the oocyst wall, nucleus (n), polar granule (pg), Stieda body (sb), sub- Stieda body (ssb), sporocyst residuum (sr), striations (str) and the refractile body (rb). Sheather's sugar solution. Scale-bar: 10 µm.
Sixty-years of community-science data suggest earlier fall migration and short-stopping of several species of waterfowl in North America
<p>Worldwide, migratory phenology and movement of many bird species are shifting in response to anthropogenic climate and habitat changes. However, due to variation among species and a shortage of analyses, changes in waterfowl migration, particularly in the fall, are not well understood. Fall migration phenology and movement patterns dictate waterfowl hunting success and satisfaction, with cascading implications on economies and support for habitat management and securement. Using 60 years of band recovery data for waterfowl banded in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), we evaluated whether fall migration timing and/or distribution changed in Mallard (<em>Anas</em> <em>platyrhynchos</em>), Northern Pintail (<em>A. acuta</em>), and Blue-winged Teal (<em>Spatula</em> <em>discors</em>) between 1960 and 2019. We found that in the Midcontinent Flyways, Mallards and Blue-winged Teal migrated faster in more recent time periods, while Northern Pintail began fall migration earlier. In the Pacific Flyway, Mallards began fall migration earlier. Both Mallards and Northern Pintails showed evidence of short-stopping in the Midcontinent Flyways. Indeed, the Mallard and Northern Pintail distribution of band recovery data shifted 180 km and 226 km north respectively from 1960 to 2019. Conversely, Blue-winged Teal recovery distributions were consistent across years. Mallards and Northern Pintails also exhibited an increased proportion of band recoveries in the Pacific Flyway in recent decades. We provide clear evidence that the timing and routes of fall migration have shifted over the past six decades, but these phenological and spatial shifts differ among species. We suggest that using community-science data collected by hunters themselves to explain one of the group's major concerns (changes in duck abundance at traditional hunting grounds), within the environmental lens of climate change, may help lead to further engagement and two-way dialogue to support effective waterfowl management for these culturally and ecologically important species. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.