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3,788 results for “indices”
INDICATORS OF THE FIELD OF SERVICES BY THE MAIN TYPES AND ITS ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
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Hematological indices in vaginitis
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Data from: Body acceleration as indicator for walking economy in an ageing population
Background: In adults, walking economy declines with increasing age and negatively influences walking speed. This study aims at detecting determinants of walking economy from body acceleration during walking in an ageing population. Methods: 35 healthy elderly (18 males, age 51 to 83 y, BMI 25.5±2.4 kg/m2) walked on a treadmill. Energy expenditure was measured with indirect calorimetry while body acceleration was sampled at 60Hz with a tri-axial accelerometer (GT3X+, ActiGraph), positioned on the lower back. Walking economy was measured as lowest energy needed to displace one kilogram of body mass for one meter while walking (WCostmin, J/m/kg). Gait features were extracted from the acceleration signal and included in a model to predict WCostmin. Results: On average WCostmin was 2.43±0.42 J/m/kg and correlated significantly with gait rate (r2 = 0.21, p<0.01) and regularity along the frontal (anteroposterior) and lateral (mediolateral) axes (r2 = 0.16, p<0.05 and r2 = 0.12, p<0.05 respectively). Together, the three variables explained 46% of the inter-subject variance (p<0.001) with a standard error of estimate of 0.30 J/m/kg. WCostmin and regularity along the frontal and lateral axes were related to age (WCostmin: r2 = 0.44, p<0.001; regularity: r2 = 0.16, p<0.05 and r2 = 0.12, p<0.05 respectively frontal and lateral). Conclusions: The age associated decline in walking economy is induced by the adoption of an increased gait rate and by irregular body acceleration in the horizontal plane.
Data from: Accuracy of background matching and prey detection: predation by blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) indicates intense selection for highly matching prey colour pattern
1. Although background matching decreases prey detectability, resemblance between camouflaged prey and their visual background is seldom perfect. This could be because even a moderate resemblance might provide sufficient protection, and additional adjustment of colour pattern might give little benefit. Alternatively, close resemblance to background may not be attained due to trade-offs or constraints. To understand selection on colour patterns of camouflaged prey and the existence of inaccurate background matching, it is necessary to investigate how detectability of a colour pattern varies with its resemblance to the background. 2. We trained wild-caught blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to search for artificial prey. We manipulated the resemblance of the artificial prey items to the visual backgrounds. 3. For the first half of the twelve repeated prey presentations we found a non-linear relationship between resemblance and detectability, such that for prey that had high background matching, a change in resemblance resulted in a larger change in detectability than an equal change in resemblance did for prey with lower background matching. However, for the second half of the presentations this relationship was linear. Moreover, in a two-patch-type habitat a prey pattern that was a compromise between the two different backgrounds did after few initial presentations equally well as the prey pattern that matched highly one of the backgrounds. 4. Our results indicate an intense selection for close matching in a single background. Yet, in the heterogeneous environment that consisted of two backgrounds the compromise, which only loosely resembled either background, provided good protection. Therefore, we conclude that cryptic colour patterns that bear only a loose resemblance to a given background, and thus represent inaccurate background matching, may be adaptive outcomes.
Data from: Mechanical power curve measured in the wake of pied flycatchers indicate modulation of parasite power across flight speeds
How aerodynamic power required for animal flight varies with flight speed determines optimal speeds during foraging and migratory flight. Despite its relevance, aerodynamic power provide an elusive quantity to measure directly in animal flight. Here we determine the aerodynamic power from wake velocity fields, measured using tomographical particle image velocimetry, of pied flycatchers flying freely in a wind tunnel. We find a shallow U-shaped power curve, which is flatter than expected by theory. Based on how the birds vary body angle with speed, we speculate that the shallow curve result from increased body drag coefficient and body frontal area at lower flight speeds. Including modulation of body drag in the model results in a more reasonable fit with data than the traditional model. From the wake structure we also find a single starting vortex generated from the two wings during the downstroke across flight speeds (1-9 m/s). This is accomplished by the arm wings interacting at the beginning of the downstroke, generating a unified starting vortex above the body of the bird. We interpret this as a mechanism resulting in uniform downwash and low induced power, which can help explain the higher aerodynamic performance in birds compared to bats.
Data from: A signature of dynamic biogeography: enclaves indicate past species replacement
Understanding how species have replaced each other in the past is important to predicting future species turnover. While past species replacement is difficult to detect after the fact, the process may be inferred from present-day distribution patterns. Species with abutting ranges sometimes show a characteristic distribution pattern, where a section of one species range is enveloped by that of the other. Such an enclave could indicate past species replacement: when a species is partly supplanted by a competitor, but a population endures locally while the invading species moves around and past it, an enclave forms. If the two species hybridize and backcross, the receding species is predicted to leave genetic traces within the expanding one under a scenario of species replacement. By screening dozens of genes in hybridizing crested newts, we uncover genetic remnants of the ancestral species, now inhabiting an enclave, in the range of the surrounding invading species. This independent genetic evidence supports the past distribution dynamics we predicted from the enclave. We suggest that enclaves provide a valuable tool in understanding historical species replacement, which is important because a major conservation concern arising from anthropogenic climate change is increased species replacement in the future.
FIGURE 1 in Nuclear ITS/ETS sequence data indicate the membership of Senecio racemulifer, but not S. acutipinnus and S. graciliflorus, within the genus Jacobaea (Asteraceae, Senecioneae)
FIGURE 1. Isotype sheet of Senecio racemulifer (= Jacobaea racemulifera) kept at MW.
Figure 9 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas
Figure 9. Geographic distribution of the Recent marine Neritiliidae (dotted line) and principal occurrences of the genus Pisulina (•); fossil occurrences of the marine Neritiliidae (O); occurrences of the Recent (★) and fossil (✩) freshwater Neritiliidae.
Figure 2 in Bone surface texture as an ontogenetic indicator in long bones of the Canada goose Branta canadensis (Anseriformes: Anatidae)
Figure 2. Strict consensus trees resulting from parsimony analyses. Numbered ontogenetic stages are defined in Table 4. Femur: strict consensus of four trees, tree length = 28, consistency index = 0.7500. Tibiotarsus: strict consensus of 40 trees, tree length = 31, consistency index = 0.6452. Humerus: strict consensus of six trees, tree length = 19, consistency index = 0.8333.
(re)Use Indications of High Energy Physics related Research Data and Software in CERN Open Data Portal
<p>This dataset contains High Energy Physics related research data and software (re)use indications (formal citations, informal mentions) in scholarly works. All research data and software resources were identified and extracted from CERN Open Data Portal. The (re)use indications were identified by a mix of approaches: use of citation discovery services and multiple search approaches in Google Scholar. All identified research data and software (re)use indications were classified according to their purpose, location, and elements.</p> <p>The data was collected in 2018 for a PhD thesis on research data and software (re)use indications in scholarly works.</p>
(re)Use Indications of High Energy Physics related Research Data and Software in INSPIRE-HEP
<p>This dataset contains High Energy Physics related research data and software (re)use indications (formal citations, informal mentions) in scholarly works. All research data and software resources were identified and extracted from INSPIRE-HEP. The (re)use indications were identified by a mix of approaches: use of citation discovery services and multiple search approaches in Google Scholar. All identified research data and software (re)use indications were classified according to their purpose, location, and elements.</p> <p>The data was collected in 2018 for a PhD thesis on research data and software (re)use indications in scholarly works.</p>
Diurnal UT Variation of low Latitude Geomagnetic Storms Using six Indices
<p>The derived parameters of the geomagnetic storms in Kyoto Dst and USGS Dst</p>
Figure 4 from: Antonović I, Brigić A, Sedlar Z, Bedek J, Šoštarić R (2012) Terrestrial isopod community as indicator of succession in a peat bog. ZooKeys 176: 171-188. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2379
Figure 4 - nMDS ordination of studied sites and Bray-Curtis similarities with superimposed results of cluster analysis. Site B – bog; Site E – edge; Site F – forest.
Figure 2 from: Antonović I, Brigić A, Sedlar Z, Bedek J, Šoštarić R (2012) Terrestrial isopod community as indicator of succession in a peat bog. ZooKeys 176: 171-188. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2379
Figure 2 - Soil temperature and soil humidity at the Dubravica bog and adjacent forest during 2008 and 2009. Temperature values are presented with different symbols and humidity values with bars. Site B – bog; Site E – edge; Site F – forest.
Figure 1 from: Antonović I, Brigić A, Sedlar Z, Bedek J, Šoštarić R (2012) Terrestrial isopod community as indicator of succession in a peat bog. ZooKeys 176: 171-188. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2379
Figure 1 - Sampling sites in the Dubravica bog and surrounding forest. Site B - bog Site E - edge Site F - forest.
Figure 3 from: Antonović I, Brigić A, Sedlar Z, Bedek J, Šoštarić R (2012) Terrestrial isopod community as indicator of succession in a peat bog. ZooKeys 176: 171-188. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2379
Figure 3 - Protracheoniscus politus seasonal activity at three studied sites with different vegetation. Site B – bog; Site E – edge; Site F – forest; Y-axis shows total number of monthly caught individuals.
Figure 6 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 6 - Actual catch of Zabrus tenebrioides in Belarus (■ – 2007) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 5 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 5 - Actual catch of Harpalus honestus in Belarus (■ – 1997) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 3 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 3 - Actual catch of Calosoma denticolle in Belarus (□ – 1988; ■ – 2007) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
Figure 4 from: Aleksandrowicz O (2011) Recent records of steppe species in Belarus, first indications of a steppe species invasion? ZooKeys 100: 475-485. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1541
Figure 4 - Actual catch of Harpalus subcylindricus in Belarus (○ – 1988) and its known distribution in eastern Europe (chequered area).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.