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7,849 results for “Conservancy”
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of the South American sharpshooter genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with implications for conservation
FIGURE 2. Strict consensus of six (A) and the remainder two (B) out of the eight most parsimonious trees of the TBR phylogenetic analysis of Scopogonalia (in bold) and outgroups, showing different evolutionary scenarios. In the first scenario (A), S. amazonensis is the sister species of S. nargena + Yellow-Brown Clade, and, in the second (B), the former species is included in the Late Green Clade. Symmetric resampling (SR) indices and Bremer indices greater than zero are shown above and below branches, respectively. T.: Tretogonia; C.: Cyclogonia; R.: Rotigonalia; P.: Plerogonalia; S.: Scopogonalia.
FIGURE 10 in Phylogenetic analysis of the South American sharpshooter genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with implications for conservation
FIGURE 10. Tabuleiros vegetation landscape at Guaribas Biological Reserve, Paraíba, Brazil. SEMA 1 (A), where specimens of S. echinura were collected. Geographical coordinates: -6.696595°, -35.126418°. SEMA 2 (B), where the holotype and other specimens of S. alba were collected. Geographical coordinates: -6.740586°, -35.139743°. Photos by A. H. Leal.
FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic analysis of the South American sharpshooter genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with implications for conservation
FIGURE 6. Aedeagi (schematic) of Scopogonalia euxloa (A) and S. subolivacea (B). In A, the aedeagus is curved ventrally (character 37, state 1); in B, it is curved dorsally (character 37, state 0). The arrow in A indicates the pair of clawlike processes (character 45, state 1); in B, it indicates the dentiform process on apical ventral portion (character 41, state 1). Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
A co-development approach to conservation leads to informed habitat design and rapid establishment of amphibian communities
<p>1. Effective wildlife restoration is a critical requirement of many conservation actions. The outcome of conservation interventions can be optimised through knowledge of species' habitat requirements, but few studies consider the impact of using explicit evidence from dedicated local research to inform the design phase of habitat management. Furthermore, interventions administered externally from the top down, whilst simpler than those developed in discussion with multiple stakeholders including land managers (i.e. co-development), run the risk of failing to engage local people.</p> <p>2. In this study, we focus on interventions in the Scottish Highlands to improve the availability and suitability of breeding ponds for local amphibian assemblages. We collected and analysed data based on 129 ecological variables across 88 reference ponds to quantify the local habitat preferences. We used the findings from these analyses to inform the construction or restoration of 25 intervention ponds co-developed in partnership with stakeholders (landowners, foresters, citizen scientists and government agencies). Following the interventions, we monitored amphibian communities at these sites over 4 years. We assessed presence and abundance of all five native amphibians (the anurans Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, and the salamanders Lissotriton helveticus, L. vulgaris and Triturus cristatus) using egg searching, dip-netting, torching and trapping.</p> <p>3. The new habitats were overall characterised by ecological conditions more favourable to amphibians than the reference ponds. We recorded a total of 51 colonisation events. Within two breeding seasons after construction or restoration, the intervention ponds hosted the full complement of species, mirroring amphibian diversity patterns found in the local reference ponds.</p> <p>4. Our study shows that ecological research to quantify local habitat requirements and working with commercial land-managers to ensure equitable benefits prior to designing conservation actions can promote rapid and efficient recovery of wildlife.</p>
Data From: Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: implications for conservation and management
<p>Utah prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys parvidens</i>) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns of genetic structure at neutral and putatively adaptive loci in order to evaluate the relative effects of genetic drift and local adaptation on population divergence. We sampled individuals across the Utah prairie dog species range and generated 2,955 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD). Genetic diversity was lower in low elevation sites compared to high elevation sites. Population divergence was high among sites and followed an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. Our results indicate that genetic drift plays a substantial role in the population divergence of the Utah prairie dog, and colonies would likely benefit from translocation of individuals between recovery units, which are characterized by distinct elevations, despite the detection of environmental associations with outlier loci. By understanding the processes that shape genetic structure, better informed decisions can be made with respect to the management of threatened species to ensure that adaptation is not stymied.</p>
The demise of a wonder: evolutionary history and conservation assessments of the Wonder Gecko Teratoscincus keyserlingii (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae) in Arabia
<p>Effective biodiversity conservation planning starts with the genetic characterization within and among focal populations, in order to understand the likely impact of threats for ensuring the long-term viability of the species. The Wonder Gecko, <i>Teratoscincus keyserlingii</i>, is one of nine members of the genus. The species is distributed in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, with a small isolated population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where it is classified nationally as Critically Endangered. Within its Arabian range, anthropogenic activity is directly linked to the species' decline, highly localized and severely fragmented populations. Here we describe the evolutionary history of <i>Teratoscincus</i>, by reconstructing its phylogenetic relationships and estimating its divergence times and ancestral biogeography. For conservation implications of <i>T. keyserlingii</i> we evaluate the genetic structure of the Arabian population using genomic data. The present<a name="_Hlk41458229">study supports the monophyly of most species and reveals considerable intraspecific variability in <i>T. microlepis</i> and <i>T. keyserlingii</i>, which necessitate broad systematic revisions. </a>The UAE population of <i>T. keyserlingii</i> likely arrived from southern Iran during the Pleistocene and no internal structure was recovered within, implying a single population status. Regional conservation of <i>T. keyserlingii</i> requires improved land management and natural habitat restoration in the species' present distribution, and the expansion of current protected areas, or the establishment of new areas with suitable habitats for the species, mostly in northern Abu Dhabi Emirate.</p>
Combining Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Data in Species Distribution Models to Improve the Conservation of Iberian White Oaks (Quercus L.)
<p>The Iberian Peninsula hosts a high diversity of oak species, being a hot-spot for the conservation of European White Oaks (Quercus) due to their environmental heterogeneity and its critical role as a phylogeographic refugium. Identifying and ranking the drivers that shape the distribution of White Oaks in Iberia requires that environmental variables operating at distinct scales are considered. These include climate, but also ecosystem functioning attributes (EFAs) related to energy–matter exchanges that characterize land cover types under various environmental settings, at finer scales. Here, we used satellite-based EFAs and climate variables in species distribution models (SDMs) to assess how variables related to ecosystem functioning improve our understanding of current distributions and the identification of suitable areas for White Oak species in Iberia. We developed consensus ensemble SDMs targeting a set of thirteen oaks, including both narrow endemic and widespread taxa. Models combining EFAs and climate variables obtained a higher performance and predictive ability (true-skill statistic (TSS): 0.88, sensitivity: 99.6, specificity: 96.3), in comparison to the climate-only models (TSS: 0.86, sens.: 96.1, spec.: 90.3) and EFA-only models (TSS: 0.73, sens.: 91.2, spec.: 82.1). Overall, narrow endemic species obtained higher predictive performance using combined models (TSS: 0.96, sens.: 99.6, spec.: 96.3) in comparison to widespread oaks (TSS: 0.80, sens.: 92.6, spec.: 87.7). The Iberian White Oaks show a high dependence on precipitation and the inter-quartile range of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) (i.e., seasonal water availability) which appears to be the most important EFA variable. Spatial projections of climate–EFA combined models contribute to identify the major diversity hotspots for White Oaks in Iberia, holding higher values of cumulative habitat suitability and species richness. We discuss the implications of these findings for guiding the long-term conservation of IberianWhite Oaks and provide spatially explicit geospatial information about each oak species (or set of species) relevant for developing biogeographic conservation frameworks.</p>
Data from: Genetic diversity of the rain tree (Albizia saman) in Colombian seasonally dry tropical forest for informing conservation and restoration interventions
<p><i>Albizia saman</i> is a multipurpose tree species of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) of Mesoamerica and northern South America typically cultivated in silvopastoral and other agroforestry systems around the world, a trend that is bound to increase in light of multimillion hectare commitments for forest and landscape restoration. The effective conservation and sustainable use of <i>A. saman</i> requires detailed knowledge of its genetic diversity across its native distribution range of which surprisingly little is known to date. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of <i>A.saman</i> across twelve representative locations of SDTF in Colombia, and how they may have been shaped by past climatic changes and human influence. We found four different genetic groups which may be the result of differentiation due to isolation of populations in pre-glacial times. The current distribution and mixture of genetic groups across STDF fragments we observed might be the result of range expansion of SDTFs during the last glacial period followed by range contraction during the Holocene and human-influenced movement of germplasm associated with cattle ranching. Despite the fragmented state of the presumed natural <i>A. saman</i> stands we sampled we did not find any signs of inbreeding, suggesting that gene flow is not jeopardized in humanized landscapes. However, further research is needed to assess potential deleterious effects of fragmentation on progeny. Climate change is not expected to seriously threaten the <i>in situ</i> persistence of <i>A. saman</i> populations and might present opportunities for future range expansion. However, the sourcing of germplasm for tree planting activities needs to be aligned with the genetic affinity of reference populations across the distribution of Colombian SDTFs. We identify priority source populations for i<i>n situ</i> conservation based on their high genetic diversity, lack or limited signs of admixture and/or genetic uniqueness.</p>
Insect Conservation Actions Ontology
<p>Insect conservation experts constructed an ontology of insect conservation actions based on a long list of possible actions pulled from a review of reviews and web scraping similar conservation projects. The full methods are detailed at: https://insectconservation.github.io/methods.html</p>
Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation
<p>Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the <sup>15</sup>N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow-steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert-steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N m<sup>-2</sup>, which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N m<sup>-2</sup>). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient-poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau.</p>
Genomic variation in the American pika: signatures of geographic isolation and implications for conservation
<p>Distributional responses by alpine taxa to repeated, glacial-interglacial cycles throughout the last two million years have significantly influenced the spatial genetic structure of populations. These effects have been exacerbated for the American pika (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>), a small alpine lagomorph constrained by thermal sensitivity and a limited dispersal capacity. As a species of conservation concern, long-term lack of gene flow has important consequences for landscape genetic structure and levels of diversity within populations. Here, we use reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) to provide a genome-wide perspective on patterns of genetic variation across pika populations representing distinct subspecies. To investigate how landscape and environmental features shape genetic variation, we collected genetic samples from distinct geographic regions as well as across finer spatial scales in two geographically proximate mountain ranges of eastern Nevada.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Andean frog Telmatobius halli Noble (Anura Telmatobiidae), re-description of the tadpole and comments on new adult's characters, type locality and conservation status
FIGURE 4. Morphological details of a female of Telmatobius halli (IZUA 3531). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral anterior body. (C) Representation of the pectoral girdle. (D) Ventral palmar and (E) plantar surfaces.
FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Andean frog Telmatobius halli Noble (Anura Telmatobiidae), re-description of the tadpole and comments on new adult's characters, type locality and conservation status
FIGURE 3. Adult female (IZUA 3530) of Telmatobius halli. (A) Dorso-lateral and (B) ventral views (in life). Ventral colour patterns (in fixative) of the specimens (C) IZUA 007, and (D) IZUA 3531. (E) Dorsal and (F) ventral views of the holotype (AMNH 44753).
FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Andean frog Telmatobius halli Noble (Anura Telmatobiidae), re-description of the tadpole and comments on new adult's characters, type locality and conservation status
FIGURE 2. The tadpole of Telmatobius halli (IZUA 3529, stage 33). (A) Lateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral views. (D) oral disc. Lateral view of tadpoles: (E) live specimen from "Aguas Calientes", and (F) specimen (in fixative) stored in the AMNH (4479).
FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Andean frog Telmatobius halli Noble (Anura Telmatobiidae), re-description of the tadpole and comments on new adult's characters, type locality and conservation status
FIGURE 1. Type locality of Telmatobius halli, near Ollagüe, Chile. (A) "Aguas Calientes", a warm spring (red circle), where we collected the samples identified as T. halli. Type localities of T. fronteriensis (square) and T. philippii (triangle). (B) Panoramic view of Aguas Calientes spring feeding the Carcote salt pan. (C) Close up view of the warm spring. The white and yellow arrows in B and C indicate the origin of the stream and the constructed swimming pool, respectively. The up left inset represents a physic map of South America.
FIGURES 23–26. Aedeagal morphology. 23–24 in Nomenclatural changes and two new species in the leafhopper genus Usanus DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with notes on conservation status
FIGURES 23–26. Aedeagal morphology. 23–24 Usanus igualaensis sp. nov.; 25–26 Usanus xochipalensis sp. nov.; 23, 25 lateral view; 24, 26 ventral view.
FIGURES 2–9 in Nomenclatural changes and two new species in the leafhopper genus Usanus DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with notes on conservation status
FIGURES 2–9. Leafhopper aspect. (2, 4, 6, 8) Usanus igualaensis sp. nov.; (3, 5, 7, 9) Usanus xochipalensis sp. nov.; 2–3 dorsal view; 4–5 lateral view; 6–7 anterior view; 8–9 labels.
FIGURE 2 in New records of the giant planarian Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) with notes on its conservation biology
FIGURE 2. Distributional map of Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845, developed with ArcGIS v. 10.4.1. Land use is classified by different colors and the new records are marked as green circles. Geopolitic regions are numbered from North to South.
FIGURE 1. Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 in New records of the giant planarian Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) with notes on its conservation biology
FIGURE 1. Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845: (A) living individual in native forest, Parque Tagua Tagua, Región de Los Lagos. Photo: Parque Tagua Tagua; (B) living individual with size reference, Villa García, Región de La Araucanía. Photo: Augusto Castro.
FIGURE 2 in A description of the tadpole of the Critically Endangered Botsford's leaf-litter frog (Leptobrachella botsfordi) with comments on the distribution and conservation status of the species
FIGURE 2. Tadpoles of Leptobrachella botsfordi in life. A and B, lateral views of VNMN 010898 and VNMN 010899 (Stage 25 and 26 respectively); C and D, body dorsal and ventral view of VNMN 010898; E and F, body dorsal and ventral view of VNMN 010899; G, unvouchered specimen at Stage 44 (total length 32.4 mm) in life. Scale bar in A–F is 0.5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.