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Figure 4 in Occurrences of large sharks in the open waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea
Figure 4. Map depicting capture locations of mackerel shark species (Lamniformes) in the southeastern Mediterranean large pelagic fisheries during 1998–2005.
Figure 1 in Occurrences of large sharks in the open waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea
Figure 1. Map of the study area in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Fishing locations are indicated by crosses (1998–2001) and solid triangles (2003–2005). Shaded marine regions designate potential Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) as provided by Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), available at: http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/marbound/. To date, very few Mediterranean countries have claimed an EEZ.
Figure 1 in The marine soft-sediment benthic communities of Hong Kong: a comparison of submarine cave and open habitats
Figure 1. Particle-size histograms by proportionate weight of the sediments from eight of the sampling sites, grouped into 1Φ divisions (silt-clay fractions amalgamated).
Figure 2. A in The marine soft-sediment benthic communities of Hong Kong: a comparison of submarine cave and open habitats
Figure 2. A, dendrogram of Bray-Curtis similarity (%) based on square-root-transformed data for the benthic community from each sampling site; B, MDS ordination of the data shown in Figure 2A, with definition of clusters at 20, 30 and 40% from that figure.
FIGURE 52 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 52. Articulation of P5 coxa in Dynomenidae (A), Dromiidae Sphaerodromiinae (B), and Homolidae (C, D). A, Dynomene hispida Latreille in Milbert 1812, male 8.8 × 11.5 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B22091): coxa with restricted mobility, enclosing penis; B, Sphaerodromia nux Alcock, 1899, male 60.0 × 67.0 mm, Madagascar (MNHN-B6872): P5 coxa enclosing penis; C, D, Moloha majora (Kubo, 1936), male 51.0 × 38.0 mm, Japan (MNHN-B24798): increased mobilty of P5 for carrying behaviour. C, coxo-sternal gynglymes of P1–P4 (lateral view), P5 (dorsal view). D, coxo-sternal gynglymes of P3– P5 (semidorsal view). cx4, cx5, P4, P5 coxa; e, extension of P5 coxa enclosing penis; g1–g5, coxo-sternal gynglymes of P1–P5; 7/8, sternal suture 7/8. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 10 mm (B–D).
FIGURE 49 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 49. Capartiella longipes (Capart, 1951) (Inachidae), male 8.2 × 6.5 mm, Dahomey (= Benin) (MNHN-B19590). A, carapace, dorsal view: notice exposed pleurites 5–8; B, ventral view; C, thoracic sternum, abdomen lifted, G1 lowered; D, detail of pleotelson with moveable flap supposedly homologous to vestigial uropod. a1, a5, abdominal somites 1, 5; b, pressbutton; c, carapace edge; cx1, P1 coxa; e5–e8, exposed pleurites 5–8; f, flap; G1, first gonopod; pt, pleotelson (somite 6 fused to telson); r, roof formed by thoracic sternite 8; 3–8, thoracic sternites 3–8.
FIGURE 58 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 58. Male reproductive system in Hymenosomatoidea (A, B, E), Pinnotheroidea (C, D), and male gonopores in Cryptochiroidea (F). A, B, dissection of Odiomaris pilosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), male 11.0 × 14.0 mm, New Caledonia, Wé Waalu River (MNHN-B32604): ejaculatory duct and penis (highlighted in B); C, D, dissection of Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901, male 4.6 × 7.0 mm, Brazil (MZUSP 24231): ejaculatory duct (highlighted in D). E, testis and vas deferens as seen through the transparent carapace of Trigonoplax unguiformis (De Haan, 1839), male 6.1 × 7.3 mm, Western Australia (USNM 184973); F, Utinomiella dimorpha (Henderson, 1906): male gonopores perforating sternite 8 far from suture 7/8 (modified from Henderson 1906: pl. 8, fig. 8, as Cryptochirus dimorphus). cx1, cx5, P1, P5 coxae; e.d., ejaculatory duct; g, gonopore; p, penis; t, testis; 4–8, thoracic sternites 4–8; 4/5–7/8, interrupted thoracic sternal sutures 4/5–7/8. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 4 mm (C, D).
FIGURE 54. Carrying behaviour among palicid crabs. A in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 54. Carrying behaviour among palicid crabs. A, Exopalicus maculatus (Edmondson, 1930) carrying a foraminiferan shell (Marginopora sp.): both P5 visible, with dactyli holding camouflaging shell. B, C, Palicoides whitei (Miers, 1884): B, carrying fragment of coral rubble: dactyli of both P5 only slightly visible; C, carrying small pebble: clearly visible right P5. A, B in situ, C in aquarium, Okinawa, Japan. Photographs by Y. Fujita.
FIGURE 48 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 48. Location of vulvae. A–C, anterior displacement: A, Anasimus latus Rathbun, 1894 (Inachoididae), female 18.4 × 14.0 mm, French Guiana (MNHN-B17807); B, Capartiella longipes (Capart, 1951) (Inachidae), ovig. female 9.4 × 8.1 mm, Nigeria (MNHN-B19602). C, Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenosomatidae), female 14.0 × 19 mm, South Pacific, Campbell I. (MNHN-B25960) (schematic); D, Hiroia krempfi Fize & Serène, 1956 (Cryptochiridae), female, Palau: vulvae not widely separated and sternal suture 7/8 complete (schematic, modified from Kropp 1990: fig. 6c); E, Pseudohapalocarcinus ransoni (Fize & Serène, 1956) (Cryptochiridae), female, Guam: vulvae located apart on broad thoracic sternite 6 (schematic, modified from Kropp 1990: fig. 12c). j, sternum/pterygostome junction; m.l., median line; v, vulva; 3–8, thoracic sternites 3–8; 4/5–7/8, interrupted thoracic sternal sutures 4/5–7/8; w, sternal wall.
FIGURE 55 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 55. Cavoportunus dubius (Laurie, 1906) (Portunidae). A, male 18.1 × 21.9 mm, Réunion (MNHN-B8802): penis (G1 removed), sternal modifications (roof, spur, pocket) and press-button in curved suture 5/6. B, male 15.0 × 19.0 mm, Réunion (MNHN-B8801): G1 in situ and G2. b, press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1, cx5, P1, P5 coxa; e7, episternite 7; g, male gonopore; G1, first gonopod; G2, second gonopod; i, inflated portion of G1; m, membrane; m.l., median line; p, penis; po, pocket for inflated portion of G1; s, sternal spur; s8, posterior projection of thoracic sternite 8; 3–8, thoracic sternites 3–8; 4/5– 7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 4/5–7/8 (Courtesy of T.S. Nguyen and P.K.L. Ng).
FIGURE 51 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 51. Articulation of abdominal somites, dorsal view. A, Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nephropidae), eastern Atlantic (MNHN); B, †Eocarcinus praecursor Withers, 1932 (†Eocarcinidae), Lower Jurassic, England, paratype (BM 23091); C, Dicranodromia sp. (Homolodromiidae), Philippines (MNHN-B28939); D, Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Raninidae), Madagascar (MNHN-B7662); E, Homola ranunculus Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995 (Homolidae), New Caledonia (MNHN- B19871); F, Sternodromia spinirostris Miers, 1881 (Dromiidae), male, Congo (R.O.C.) (MNHN-B7863); G, Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Dorippidae), male, West Africa (MNHN). a1–a3, abdominal somites 1–3; cx5, P5 coxa; m, articular membrane; p, abdominal pleura; t1–t3, abdominal tergites 1–3 with calcified anterior (a) and membranous posterior (P) parts; t, telson.
FIGURE 47 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 47. Skeletons of Dorippidae (A, B), Inachidae (C), Hymenosomatidae (D–F), and Inachoididae (G–I). A, B. Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767), Mediterranean Sea, dorsal view. A, male, after removal of carapace; B, female, after removal of pleurites; C, Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant, 1777), female, Mediterranean Sea (MNHN): sagittal section. D–F, Odiomaris pilosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), New Caledonia (MNHN): D, dorsal view after partial removal of carapace; E, axial skeleton, dorsoventral view after removal of pleurites; F, axial skeleton, sagittal section. G, H, Paulita tuberculata (Lemos de Castro, 1949); G, male 23.0 × 23.0 mm, French Guiana (MNHN-B19511): exposed pleurites 5–8 visible after removal of carapace; H, female: axial skeleton, sagittal section. I, Leurocyclus tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842), Brazil (MNHN): sagittal section. a, abdomen with pleopods; a1, first abdominal somite; c, carapace; cx5, P5 coxa; e, endopleurite; e.p., exposed pleurite; e5–e8, exposed pleurites 5–8; g, setting gutter of carapace; h, hymenosomian rim; j, junction plate; m, median plate; p, pleurite; pi, pillar; pl, pleopod; s, sella turcica; st, thoracic sternum; t, endosternite; v, location of vulva; y, eye; 3/4–6/7, endosternites 3/4–6/7; 4–8, pleurites 4–8. C, F, H, I: skeletons prepared by S. Secretan.
FIGURE 46 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 46. Axial skeleton of Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Dorippidae), male, Mediterranean Sea (MNHN). A, carapace (partially removed) covering all pleurites except exposed lateral portions of pleurites 5–7; B, detail of lateroposterior region of carapace to show exposed, calcified external portion of pleurites 5–7, with setting gutter for carapace; thick line indicates carapace border; C, skeleton with endosternites, median plate, and sella turcica. a1, first abdominal somite; b, sclerotised penial bulb; c, carapace edge; ce, ventral extension of carapace posterior edge; cp5, cp6, calcified portion of pleurites 5, 6 covered by carapace; cx2–cx5, coxae of P2–P5; c6, c7, coxo-pleural condyles of P3, P4; e, epimere (membrane); e6, extension of pleurite 6 covered by carapace; ep5–ep7, exposed pleurites 5–7; e4/5–e6/7, endopleurites 4/5–6/7; g, setting gutter of carapace; ga, gap between laminae of median plate; m, articulating membrane; m.p., median plate; P4–P8, pleurites 4–8; 8, exposed portion of sternite 8; s, sella turcica. Skeletons prepared by S. Secretan.
FIGURE 41 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 41. Cladogram of crown group brachyuran relationships based on morphological data. Other possible trees are discussed in the text. Subsections Dynomeniformia: Homolodromioidea (Homolodromiidae), Dromioidea (Dromiidae, Dynomenidae); Homoliformia: Homoloidea (Homolidae, Latreilliidae, Poupiniidae); Cyclodorippiformia: Cyclodorippoidea (Cyclodorippidae, Cymonomidae, Phyllotymolinidae); Gymnopleura: †Palaeocorystoidea (†Palaeocorystidae, †Camarocarcinidae, †Cenomanocarcinidae, †Necrocarcinidae, †Orithopsidae), Raninoidea (Raninidae, Lyreididae). Synapomorphies: (1) uniramous uropods; (2) G1 and G2 acting together and with penis; (3) paired spermatheca; (4) uropod as a ventral lobe or a dorsal plate; (5) structure of abdominal locking-system on thoracic sternite 4 ("homoliform press-button"); (6) uropods completely lost; (7) female gonopore on thoracic sternite 6 (vulva); (8) eubrachyuran sella turcica; (9) uropod modified into a socket acting with typical press-button system on sternite 5; (10) oxystome condition; (11) both P3 and P4 with modified distal articles; (12) structure of abdominal locking-system on thoracic sternite 5; (13) double peg on thoracic sternite 5; (14) gymnopleurity; (15) male gonopore on thoracic sternite 8. "?" means "no synapomorphy". A third brachyuran synapomorphy "brachyuran sella turcica" could be added to (1) and (2). Hymenosomatoidea is not taken into account.
FIGURE 45. Skeletons with parallel endosternites and narrow sella turcica. A in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 45. Skeletons with parallel endosternites and narrow sella turcica. A, Pseudopalicus declivis Castro, 2000 (Palicidae), male, New Caledonia (MNHN-B30492): medially attenuated endosternites, remaining lateral portions covered by pleurites; marked median plate; B, Bathypluma spinifer Saint Laurent, 1980 (Retroplumidae), male, Philippines (MNHN-B37017): cx5, P5 coxa; m, median plate; p, pleurite; P5, pereopod 5; s, sella turcica; s.c., convexity of sterno-abdominal cavity; t, endosternite.
FIGURE 42 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 42. Milne Edwards openings and cases of thoracic sternum/pterygostome junction. A, Ethusa magnipalmata Chen, 1993 (Dorippoidea Ethusidae), male 12.4 × 11.6 mm, holotype, Loyalty Is. (MNHN-B21524): no junction, "normal" Milne Edwards openings; B, Amarinus lacustris (Chilton, 1882) (Hymenosomatidae Odiomarinae), male 4.7 × 4.7 mm, New Zealand, Oratia stream (ZRC2010.0238): sternum/pterygostome junction, Milne Edwards opening sealed by largely exposed, falbelliform, whitish mxp3 coxa, and separated from the cheliped; C, Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Dorippoidea Dorippidae), female 17.8 × 23 mm, Mediterranean Sea (MNHN, skeleton prepared by S. Secretan): Milne Edwards openings as pterygostomial slits; D, Coleusia signata (Paul'son, 1875) (Leucosioidea Leucosiidae), male 24 × 21 mm, Suez Canal (MNHN- B31894): large junction, absence of Milne Edwards openings; E, Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Raninoidea Raninidae), female 85.8 × 73.1 mm, Madagascar, Tulear (MNHN-B31983): large junction, absence of Milne Edwards openings. cm, mxp3 coxa; e, sternal extension; j, sternum/pterygostome junction; l, leucosiid abdominal-locking structure; m, Milne Edwards openings; p, sternal perforation; pt, pterygostome; p.b., press-button; s, dorippid Milne Edwards opening as pterygostomial slit; v, vulva with operculum; 3–6, thoracic sternites 3–6; 3/4, 4/5, thoracic sternal sutures 3/4, 4/5. Scale bars: 3 mm (C), 5 mm (D). (B, photograph by J.C. Mendoza).
FIGURE 43. Hymenosomatidae. A, B in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 43. Hymenosomatidae. A, B, Limnopilos naiyanetri Chuang & Ng, 1991, Thailand, observed in aquarium in Singapore: (A) crawling; B, male mating with an ovigerous female (photographs by R. Yeo, courtesy of P.K.L. Ng); C, Amarinus lacustris (Chilton, 1882), male 4.7 × 4.7 mm, New Zealand, Oratia stream: largely exposed, white, flabelliform coxae of mxp3 (ZRC2010.0238). Photographs by J.C. Mendoza.
FIGURE 34 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 34. Coxal condition in Retroplumidae, with penis emerging from extremity of P5 coxo-sternal condyle. Retropluma quadrata Saint Laurent, 1989, male 10.4 × 12.0 mm, Philippines (MNHN-B19535). A, ventral view; B, posteroventral view; C, D, schematic representations of A and B. c, coxo-sternal condyle; cp, carapace (indicated by dotted line in C); cx4, cx5, P4, P5 coxae; p, penis; p5, fifth pereopod; pl7, pleurite of thoracic somite 7; pl8, pleurite of thoracic somite 8 fused to sternite 8; 6–8, thoracic sternites 6–8; 5/6–7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 5/6–7/8.
FIGURE 35 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 35. Metasesarma aubryi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) (Sesarmidae), male 18.1 × 21.5 mm, Red Sea (MNHN-B13230): penis in rest position (abdomen lifted), exposed above the G1. cx4, P4 coxa; e6, episternite 6; g, male gonopore; G1, first gonopod; G2, second gonopod; i.a.2, internal folding of abdominal somite 2; i.s., incomplete sulcus of thoracic sternite 7; p, penis; 7, 8, thoracic sternites 7, 8; 6/7, 7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 6/7, 7/8. Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIGURE 44. P5 in Significance of the sexual openings and supplementary structures on the phylogeny of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), with new nomina for higher-ranked podotreme taxa
FIGURE 44. P5 ischium, long in Palicidae (A) and Retroplumidae (C), short in Crossotonotidae (B). A, Palicoides longimanus (Miyake, 1936), female 14.7 × 17.0 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B26791); B, Crossotonotus spinipes (de Man, 1888), male 36.9 × 43.3 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B26803): penis emerging from P5 coxo-sternal condyle and pulled out from sternite 8 invagination; basis-ischium concealed under coxa. C, Retropluma quadrata Saint Laurent, 1989, with attached ciliates (after Saint Laurent 1989: fig. 9; unknown size). b, basis; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx5, P5 coxa; i, ischium; p, penis; pa, papilla. Scale bars: 3 mm (A); 1 cm (B).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.