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Endothelial progenitor cells-derived exosomal miRNA-31 can alleviate septic peritonitis by inhibiting E-selectin expression
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Keywords derived from Publications for SMS "Design Practices in Visualization Driven Data Exploration for Non-Expert Audiences".
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Dynamic weakening in sandstone-derived fault gouges during simulated small-magnitude earthquakes under variable loading and environmental conditions
<p><span>Faults exhibit dynamic weakening during large displacements (>1 m) at seismic slip velocities (>0.1 m/s), but the role of this weakening in small-displacement induced earthquakes (M 3–4), such as those in the Groningen Gas Field (the Netherlands), remains unclear. We conducted seismic slip-pulse experiments on Slochteren sandstone gouges (SSG) using a rotary-shear apparatus to investigate their dynamic behavior. Pre-sheared gouge layers, confined between ~1.5 mm thick sandstone host blocks, were subjected to slip pulses at initial effective normal stresses of 4.9–16.6 MPa and pore fluid pressures of 0.1 and 1 MPa under undrained conditions. Slip pulses reached peak velocities of 1.8 m/s, accelerations up to 42 m/s², and displacements of 7.5–15 cm, using either dry Argon or water as pore fluid at ambient temperatures. Water-saturated gouges showed rapid weakening from a peak friction of ~0.7 to ~0.3, with early dilatancy followed by slower ongoing dilation. In contrast, Argon-filled samples exhibited only subtle weakening. Our findings confirm that water-saturated SSG weakens substantially during slip, with minimal dependence on normal stress, slip acceleration, or displacement, while dry samples do not. Microstructural analysis indicates no systematic relationship between PSZ width and frictional work or power input densities, suggesting that wear or heat production alone does not govern PSZ growth. Instead, thermal pore fluid pressurization, potentially involving water phase transitions at asperity scales, may drive weakening in short-displacement, induced seismic events.</span></p>
Seasonal Harvesting Impact on Biomass Fuel Properties and Pyrolysis-Derived Bio-oil Organic Phase Composition
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Table 7 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas
<p><b>Table 7</b> Effect of CE and polar fractions from <i>T. satureioides</i> on APTT and PT.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Concentration in the clotting mixture [mg/mL]</th><th>Crude extract</th><th>Methanol fraction</th><th>Aqueous fraction</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>APTT</td><td>PT</td><td>APTT</td><td>PT</td><td>APTT</td><td>PT</td></tr><tr><th>Control</th><td>15.35 ± 0.03</td><td>14.17 ± 0.01</td><td>15.35 ± 0.03</td><td>14.25 ± 0.02</td><td>15.35 ± 0.03</td><td>14.32 ± 0.06</td></tr><tr><th>0.18</th><td>14.93 ± 0.02*</td><td>14.07 ± 0.02*</td><td>14.51 ± 0.01**</td><td>14.16 ± 0.01</td><td>14.55 ± 0.01**</td><td>14.23 ± 0.01*</td></tr><tr><th>0.36</th><td>14.04 ± 0.00*</td><td>13.36 ± 0.01**</td><td>13.98 ± 0.01**</td><td>13.46 ± 0.02**</td><td>14.02 ± 0.01**</td><td>13.52 ± 0.02**</td></tr><tr><th>0.71</th><td>13.22 ± 0**</td><td>12.75 ± 0.02**</td><td>13.15 ± 0.01**</td><td>12.83 ± 0.01**</td><td>13.19 ± 0.01**</td><td>12.9 ± 0.01**</td></tr><tr><th>1.43</th><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>12.96 ± 0.03**</td><td>ND</td><td>13.00 ± 0.03**</td><td>ND</td></tr><tr><th>2.86</th><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td></tr><tr><th>5.71</th><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td><td>ND</td></tr><tr><th>11.43</th><td>ND</td><td>–</td><td>ND</td><td>–</td><td>ND</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Results are presented as the mean of 6 measurements ± SD and analysed with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. * <i>P</i> <.05, ** <i>P</i> <.001. Crude extract, methanol fraction, aqueous fraction <i>vs.</i> control.</p>
Table 5 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas
<p><b>Table 5</b> Effect of the CE and organic fractions from <i>T. satureioides</i> in ear oedema model induced by croton oil.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Group</th><th>Ear oedema rate (%)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>2 h</td><td>4 h</td><td>6 h</td><td>8 h</td><td>10 h</td></tr><tr><th>Control</th><td>28.89 ± 0.75</td><td>41.31 ± 0.79</td><td>41.30 ± 0.60</td><td>47.39 ± 0.50</td><td>37.32 ± 0.67</td></tr><tr><th>Crude extract</th><td>11.04 ± 0.27</td><td>23.05 ± 0,48</td><td>40.13 ± 1.28</td><td>33.33 ± 1.36**</td><td>41.86 ± 0.22**</td></tr><tr><th>Dichloromethane fraction</th><td>20.22 ± 4.97*</td><td>28.26 ± 4.01**</td><td>23.07 ± 8.72*</td><td>23.75 ± 3.94</td><td>12.80 ± 5.78**</td></tr><tr><th>E. acetate fraction</th><td>21.99 ± 0.95*</td><td>30.09 ± 0.46 **</td><td>15.97 ± 7.01**</td><td>12.27 ± 5.93</td><td>5.79 ± 6.63***</td></tr><tr><th>Methanol fraction</th><td>30.28 ± 1.08</td><td>39.70 ± 0.79</td><td>40.51 ± 0.43</td><td>35.74 ± 2.27*</td><td>31.24 ± 9.27</td></tr><tr><th>Aqueous fraction</th><td>30.38 ± 4.66</td><td>40.81 ± 1.01</td><td>46.56 ± 1.59</td><td>45.32 ± 0.18</td><td>38.46 ± 5.70</td></tr><tr><th>Indomethacin</th><td>34.23 ± 0.95*</td><td>33.33 ± 1.36**</td><td>17.59 ± 0.72</td><td>15.51 ± 0.64***</td><td>11.57 ± 0.07***</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The animals (n = 6) were treated with CE and fractions from <i>T.satureioides</i> at 1 mg/ear.Indomethacin was used as a positive control (600 μg/ear). The differences between treatment and control were tested using ANOVA followed by Turkey's test. Values are mean ± SEM, (n = 6), where * <i>P</i> <.05, ** <i>P</i> <.01 and *** <i>P</i> <.001 compared to control.</p>
Table 1 Table 3 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas
<p><b>Table 1</b> Polyphenol and flavonoid contents of CE and organic fractions from <i>T. satureioides</i>.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Plant samples</th><th>Polyphenols (mg equivalent caffeic acid/g DR)</th><th>Flavonoids (mg equivalent rutin/g DR)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Crude extract</th><td>475.00 ± 8.30</td><td>182.79 ± 3.23</td></tr><tr><th>Dichloromethane fraction</th><td>100.57 ± 2.51</td><td>62.09 ± 1.26</td></tr><tr><th>Ethyl acetate fraction</th><td>441.00 ± 5.33</td><td>90.80 ± 2.67</td></tr><tr><th>Methanol fraction</th><td>238.00 ± 2.82</td><td>61.14 ± 1.41</td></tr><tr><th>Aqueous fraction</th><td>169.64 ± 3.89</td><td>46.95 ± 1.95</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Results are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments and analysed with One-way</p><p>ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. * <i>P</i> <.01; ** <i>P</i> <.001 <i>vs.</i> Trolox; DR: dry residue.</p><p>Values are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments. DR: dry residue.</p>
Table 4 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas
<p><b>Table 4</b> Antihaemolytic activity of CE and organic fractions from T. satureioides.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Plant samples</th><th>Haemolysis half-time</th><th>% Deviation a</th><th>% Deviation b</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Control</th><td>151.00 ± 3.27</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH sample</th><td>70.22 ± 4.21 a***</td><td><i>−</i> 53.49</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Crude extract 2%</th><td>260.00 ± 17.32 a * b***</td><td>72.19</td><td>270.26</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Dichloromethane extract 2%</th><td>170.00 ± 15.50 a ns b***</td><td>12.58</td><td>142.10</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Ethyl acetate extract 2%</th><td>213.33 ± 20.66 a * b***</td><td>41.28</td><td>203.80</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Methanol extract 2%</th><td>166.67 ± 10.33 a ns b***</td><td>10.38</td><td>136.86</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Aqueous fraction 2%</th><td>166.67 ± 18.62 a ns b**</td><td>10.38</td><td>136.86</td></tr><tr><th>AAPH + Ascorbic acid 1%</th><td>320.94 ± 14.23 a*** b***</td><td>112.54</td><td>357.05</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Results are presented as the mean ± SD of three experiments and analysed with One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey's test. * <i>P</i> <.05; ** <i>P</i> <.01; *** <i>P</i> <.001; ns: not significant; Control <i>vs.</i> AAPH; a: crude extract, fractions and ascorbic acid <i>vs.</i> Control; b: crude extract, fractions and ascorbic acid <i>vs.</i> AAPH sample.</p>
Table 8 in Acute toxicity and antiproliferative and procoagulant activities of fractions derived from Thymus satureioides of the Moroccan High Atlas
<p><b>Table 8</b> Acute effects of <i>T. satureioides</i> CE (TSCE) after oral administration in <i>wistar</i> mice.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Toxic signs</th><th>Control</th><th>TSCE (2000 mg/kg) %</th><th>TSCE (5000 mg/kg) %</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Reduction of locomotor activity</th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>33,3</td></tr><tr><th>Occurrence interval (h)</th><td>–</td><td>0–1</td><td>0–6</td></tr><tr><th>Ptosis</th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>66,6</td></tr><tr><th>Occurrence interval (h)</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>0–4</td></tr><tr><th>Tremors</th><td>0</td><td>33,3</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><th>Occurrence interval (h)</th><td>–</td><td>0–1</td><td>0–4</td></tr><tr><th>Increased respiration rate</th><td>0</td><td>33,3</td><td>66,6</td></tr><tr><th>Occurrence interval (h)</th><td>–</td><td>0–1</td><td>0–2</td></tr><tr><th>Salivation</th><td>0</td><td>66,6</td><td>66,6</td></tr><tr><th>Occurrence interval (h)</th><td>–</td><td>0–1</td><td>0–4</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The animals (n = 6) were orally treated with CE of crude extract from <i>T. satureioides</i> at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. %: The percentage refers to the proportion of animals in the group that expressed the respective signals at some points during the observational period (up to 6 h). TSCE: <i>T. satureioides</i> crude extract.</p>
Data from: Gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in ants: worker-specific genes are more derived than queen-specific ones
Variation in gene expression leads to phenotypic diversity and plays a central role in caste differentiation of eusocial insect species. In social Hymenoptera, females with the same genetic background can develop into queens or workers, which are characterized by divergent morphologies, behaviors and lifespan. Moreover, many social insects exhibit behaviorally distinct worker castes, such as brood-tenders and foragers. Researchers have just started to explore which genes are differentially expressed to achieve this remarkable phenotypic plasticity. Although the queen is normally the only reproductive individual in the nest, following her removal, young brood-tending workers often develop ovaries and start to reproduce. Here, we make use of this ability in the ant Temnothorax longispinosus and compare gene expression patterns in the queens and three worker castes along a reproductive gradient. We found the largest expression differences between the queen and the worker castes (~2,500 genes), and the smallest differences between infertile brood-tenders and foragers (~300 genes). The expression profile of fertile workers is more worker-like, but to a certain extent intermediate between the queen and the infertile worker castes. In contrast to the queen, a high number of differentially expressed genes in the worker castes are of unknown function, pointing to the derived status of Hymenopteran workers within insects.
Data from: Untangling the hybrid nature of modern pig genomes: a mosaic derived from biogeographically distinct and highly divergent Sus scrofa populations
The merging of populations after an extended period of isolation and divergence is a common phenomenon, in natural settings as well as due to human interference. Individuals with such hybrid origins contain genomes that essentially form a mosaic of different histories and demographies. Pigs are an excellent model species to study hybridization because European and Asian wild boars diverged ~1.2 Mya and pigs were domesticated independently in Europe and Asia. During the Industrial Revolution in England, pigs were imported from China to improve the local pigs. This study utilizes the latest genomics tools to identify the origin of haplotypes in European domesticated pigs that are descendant from Asian and European populations. Our results reveal fine-scale haplotype structure representing different ancient demographic events, as well as a mosaic composition of those distinct histories due to recently introgressed haplotypes in the pig genome. As a consequence, nucleotide diversity in the genome of European domesticated pigs is higher when at least one haplotype of Asian origin is present, and haplotype length correlates negatively with recombination frequency and nucleotide diversity. Another consequence is that the inference of past effective population size is influenced by the background of the haplotypes in an individual, but we demonstrate that by careful sorting based on the origin of haplotypes both distinct demographic histories can be reconstructed. Future detailed mapping of the genomic distribution of variation will enable a targeted approach to increase genetic diversity of captive and wild populations, thus facilitating conservation efforts in the near future.
Data from: Inhibition behavior of mild steel by three new benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives in 0.5 M H2SO4: Experimental and computational study
Three new benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives namely benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (BST), 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PBST) and 2-carboxyl benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (OCT) were synthesized and their inhibition effects on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were studied systematically using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements. Weight loss results revealed that PBST exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency of 96.6% among the investigated compounds when the concentration was 300 μM. The analysis of polarization curves indicated that the three benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives acted as mixed type inhibitors and PBST and OCT predominantly anodic. The adsorption process of all these benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives on Q235 steel surface in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution conformed to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to show the presence of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives on Q235 mild steel surface. The results of theoretical calculations were in good agreement with that of experimental measurements.
Data from: A novel adenine-based-MOF derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon for flexible solid-state supercapacitor
In this article, we have synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (NPC) from metal organic framework (MOF) of UiO-66 with different ratio of adenine and coated on carbon nanotube film (CNTF) to obtain a flexible porous electrode (NPC/CNTF). It is worth noting that the introduction of adenine at different ratio did not change the structure of UiO-66. We also investigated the effect of carbonization temperature from 800 to 1000 °C on the electrochemical properties of the NPC. The ratio (1, 4-benzendicarboxylate: adenine) 9:1 and the NPC carbonized at 900 °C (noted as NPC-1-900) exhibits better electrochemical properties. The results show that NPC-1-900/CNTF electrode exhibits an exceptionally areal capacitance of 121.5 mF cm-2 than that of PC-900/CNTF electrode (22.8 mF cm-2) at 5 mV s-1 in a three-electrode system, indicating that the incorporation of nitrogen is beneficial to the electrochemical properties of nanoporous carbon. A symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor of NPC-1-900/CNTF has also been assembled and tested. Electrochemical date shows that the device exhibited superior areal capacitance (43.2 mF cm-2) at the scan rate of 5 mV s-1, the volumetric energy density is 57.3 µWh cm-3 and the volumetric power density is 2.4 mW cm-3 at the current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 based on PVA/H3PO4 gel electrolyte. For practical application, we have also studied the bending tests of the device, which show that the device exhibits the outstanding mechanical stability under different bending angles. Furthermore, the flexible device shows excellent cyclic stability, which can retain 91.5% of the initial capacitance after 2000 cycles.
Data from: Molecular phylogeny and SNP variation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) derived from genome sequences
We assessed the relationships of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos), and black bears (U. americanus) with high throughput genomic sequencing data with an average coverage of 25X for each species. A total of 1.4 billion 100-bp paired-end reads was assembled using the polar bear and annotated giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) genome sequences as references. We identified 13.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the three species aligned to the polar bear genome. These data indicate that polar bears and brown bears share more SNP with each other than either does with black bears. Concatenation and coalescence-based analysis of consensus sequences of approximately one million base pairs of ultra-conserved elements (UCE) in the nuclear genome resulted in a phylogeny with black bears as the sister group to brown and polar bears, and all brown bears are in a separate clade from polar bears. Genotypes for 162 SNP loci of 336 bears from Alaska and Montana showed that the species are genetically differentiated and there is geographic population structure of brown and black bears but not polar bears.
Data from: Adaptive evolution of a derived radius morphology in manakins (Aves, Pipridae) to support acrobatic display behavior
The morphology of the avian skeleton is often studied in the context of adaptations for powered flight. The effects of other evolutionary forces, such as sexual selection, on avian skeletal design are unclear, even though birds produce diverse behaviors that undoubtedly require a variety of osteological modifications. Here, we investigate this issue in a family of passerine birds called manakins (Pipridae), which have evolved physically unusual and elaborate courtship displays. We report that, in species within the genus Manacus, the shaft of the radius is heavily flattened and shows substantial solidification. Past work anecdotally notes this morphology and attributes it to the species' ability to hit their wings together above their heads to produce loud mechanical sonations. Our results show that this feature is unique to Manacus compared to the other species in our study, including a variety of taxa that produce other sonations through alternate wing mechanisms. At the same time, our data reveal striking similarities across species in total radius volume and solidification. Together, this suggests that supposedly adaptive alterations in radial morphology occur within a conserved framework of a set radius volume and solidness, which in turn is likely determined by natural selection. Further allometric analyses imply that the radius is less constrained by body size and the structural demands that underlie powered flight, compared to other forelimb bones that are mostly unmodified across taxa. These results are consistent with the idea that the radius is more susceptible to selective modification by sexual selection. Overall, this study provides some of the first insight into the osteological evolution of passerine birds, as well as the way in which opposing selective forces can shape skeletal design in these species.
Image-derived models of cell organization changes during differentiation and drug treatments
PC12 cells are a popular model system to study changes driving and accompanying neuronal differentiation. While attention has been paid to changes in transcriptional regulation and protein signaling, much less is known about the changes in organization that accompany PC12 differentiation. Fluorescence microscopy can provide extensive information about these changes, although it is difficult to continuously observe changes over many days of differentiation. We describe a generative model of differentiation-associated changes in cell and nuclear shape and their relationship to mitochondrial distribution constructed from images of different cells at discrete time points. We show that the model accurately represents complex cell and nuclear shapes and learn a regression model that relates cell and nuclear shape to mitochondrial distribution; the predictive accuracy of the model increases during differentiation. Most importantly, we propose a method, based on cell matching and interpolation, to produce realistic simulations of the dynamics of cell differentiation from only static images. We also found that the distribution of cell shapes is hollow: most shapes are very different from the average shape. Finally, we show how the method can be used to model nuclear shape changes of human induced pluripotent stem cells resulting from drug treatments. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]
Imaging dataset for positron emission microscopy of patient-derived tumor organoids
<p>Here, we present a microscopy method to image <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose and other radiotracers in patient-derived tumor organoids with spatial resolution up to 100-fold better than that of clinical positron emission tomography (PET). When combined with brightfield imaging, this metabolic imaging approach functionally mirrors clinical PET/CT scans and provides a quantitative readout of cell glycolysis other metabolic processes. </p>
Derivation and utility of an Aβ-PET pathology accumulation index to estimate Aβ load
<p><b>Abstract</b></p> <p><b>Objective: </b>To evaluate a novel Aβ-PET based quantitative measure (Aβ accumulation index [Aβ-index]), including the assessment of its ability to discriminate between subjects based on Aβ-status using visual-read, CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and <i>post-mortem</i> neuritic-plaque burden as standards of truth.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>1121 subjects (with and without cognitive impairment) scanned with Aβ-PET: Swedish BioFINDER, n=392, [<sup>18</sup>F]flutemetamol; ADNI, n=692, [<sup>18</sup>F]florbetapir; a phase-3 end-of-life study, n=100, [<sup>18</sup>F]flutemetamol). The relationships between Aβ-index and standardized uptake values ratios (SUVR) from Aβ-PET were assessed. The diagnostic performance of Aβ-index and SUVR were compared when using visual reads, CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ-histopathology as reference standards.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Strong associations were observed between Aβ-index and SUVR (R<sup>2</sup>, BioFINDER, 0.951; ADNI, 0.943, end-of-life, 0.916). Both measures performed equally well in differentiating Aβ-positive from Aβ-negative subjects, with AUCs of 0.979-0.991 to detect abnormal visual reads, AUCs of 0.961-0.966 to detect abnormal CSF Aβ42/40 and AUCs of 0.820-0.823 to detect abnormal Aβ-histopathology. Both measures also showed a similar distribution across <i>post-mortem </i>based Aβ-phases (based on anti-Aβ 4G8 antibodies). By comparison to models using visual-read alone, the addition of the Aβ-index resulted in a significant increase in AUC and a decrease in Akaike information criterion to detect abnormal Aβ-histopathology.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b><b>:</b> The proposed Aβ-index showed a tight association to SUVR and carries an advantage over the latter in that it does not require the definition of regions of interest nor the use of MRI. Aβ-index may thus prove simpler to implement in clinical settings and may also facilitate the comparison of findings using different Aβ-PET tracers.</p>
Figure 7 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 7. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues in Struthio camelus. A–F, day-13 embryo, transverse sections through the external and middle ear region. G, day-15 embryo, postero-left lateral view. H, day-16 embryo, right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–F, histological sections; G and H, whole mounts.
Figure 5 from: Abbas AH, Mahmood AAR, Tahtamouni LH, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Alsoubani F, Al-bayati RI (2021) A novel derivative of picolinic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: synthesis, docking study, and anticancer activity. Pharmacia 68(3): 679-692. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70654
Figure 5 Compound 5 induces the ER-mediated apoptosis. A) Representative Western blot showing the enhanced release of Smac/DIABLO but not cytochrome c from the mitochondria (MF) into the cytosol (CF) of compound 5-treated A549 lung cancer cells (GI50). Equal protein loading was controlled by staining membranes with Ponceau S (a representative section of the stained membrane is shown). The experiment was repeated three times and the corresponding quantification is shown in (B), B) Quantification of smac/DIABLO and cytochrome C levels in vehicle-treated control A549 cells and cells treated with GI50 amount of compound 5 or 5% DMSO as a negative control. M: mitochondria fraction; C: cytosol fraction. Scale bars: mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 compared to vehicle-treated control cells, C) Representative Western blot showing the induction of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) in A549 cells treated with GI50 amounts of compound 5. For comparison purposes, thapsigargin (TG), an ER stress-causing drug was used (3 μM, 2 h) as a positive control. The experiment was repeated three times.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.