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4,566 results for “marker”
Data from: Imaging markers of small vessel disease and 'brain frailty' and outcomes in acute stroke
Objective: We assessed the association of baseline imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and 'brain frailty' with clinical outcome after acute stroke in the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial. Methods: ENOS randomised 4011 patients with acute stroke (<48 hours of onset) to transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) or no GTN for 7 days. The primary outcome was functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) at day 90. Cognition was assessed via telephone at day 90. Stroke syndrome was classified using the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification. Brain imaging was adjudicated masked to clinical information and treatment, and assessed SVD (leukoaraiosis, old lacunar infarcts/lacunes, atrophy) and 'brain frailty' (leukoaraiosis, atrophy, old vascular lesions/infarcts). Analyses used ordinal logistic regression adjusted for prognostic variables. Results: In all participants and those with lacunar syndromes (LACS, 1397, 34.8%), baseline CT imaging features of SVD and 'brain frailty' were common and independently associated with unfavourable shifts in mRS at day 90: all participants (SVD score OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.24; 'brain frailty' score OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.34); those with LACS (SVD score OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.47; 'brain frailty' score OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44). 'Brain frailty' was associated with worse cognitive scores at 90 days in all and in LACS participants. Conclusions: Baseline imaging features of SVD and 'brain frailty' were common in lacunar stroke and all stroke, predicted worse prognosis after all acute stroke with a stronger effect in lacunar stroke, and may aid future clinical decision-making. Registration: ISRCTN99414122.
Data from: An fMRI-based neural marker for migraine without aura
Objective: To identify and validate a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based neural marker for migraine without aura (MwoA) and examine its association with treatment response. Methods: Cross-sectional studies with resting-state fMRI data from 230 participants and machine learning analyses were conducted. In Studies 1-3, we identified, cross-validated, independently validated, and cross-sectionally validated an fMRI-based neural marker for MwoA. In Study 4, we assessed the relationship between the neural marker and treatment responses in migraineurs who received a 4-week acupuncture treatment in a registered clinical trial. Results: In Study 1 (n = 116), we identified a neural marker with abnormal functional connectivity within the visual, default mode, sensorimotor, and frontal-parietal networks that could discriminate migraineurs from healthy controls (HCs) with 93% sensitivity and 89% specificity. In Study 2 (n = 38), we investigated the generalizability of the marker by applying it on an independent cohort of migraineurs and HCs and achieved 84% sensitivity and specificity. In Study 3 (n = 76), we verified the specificity of the marker with new datasets of migraineurs and other chronic pain disorders (chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia) and demonstrated 78% sensitivity and 76% specificity for discriminating migraineurs from non-migraineurs. In Study 4 (n = 116), we found that the changes in the marker responses showed significant correlation with the changes in headache frequency in response to real acupuncture. Conclusion: We identified an fMRI-based neural marker that captures distinct characteristics of MwoA and can link disease pattern changes to brain changes.
Screening for simple sequences repeat markers in Hemileia vastatrix
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Hemileia vastatrix</i> is the most important fungal pathogen affecting <i>Coffea arabica</i> and has invaded nearly every coffee-growing region in the world and the causal agent of recurrent disease epidemics. The development of resistant varieties of coffee against <i>H. vastatrix</i> requires fundamental understanding of the biology of the fungus. However, the complete life cycle of <i>H. vastatrix</i> remains unknown and conflicting studies exist as to whether the fungus is capable of sexual reproduction or not. Here we used population genetics of <i>H. vastatrix </i>to determine the reproductive mode of the fungus across most of its current geographic range. The genetic relationships among <i>H. vastatrix</i> isolates were determined using eight simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) developed for this study. The analyses of the standardized index of association (rbarD = 0.114 - 0.557, p = 0.001), Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (p ≤ 0.05), and clonal richness (0 - 0.19) all strongly support asexual reproduction of <i>H. vastatrix</i> in all sampled areas. Similarly, the Minimum Spanning Network reinforces the interpretation of clonal reproduction in the global <i>H. vastatrix</i> population. These findings may have profound implications for resistance breeding and other programs against <i>H. vastatrix</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Adipose-derived stromal cell secretome reduces TNFα-induced hypertrophy and catabolic markers in primary human articular chondrocytes
<p>Datasets of the paper 'Adipose-derived stromal cell secretome reduces TNFα-induced hypertrophy and catabolic markers in primary human articular chondrocytes'</p>
Supplemental Materials to "Interrogatives as relativization markers in Indo-European"
<p>Supplemental Materials to "Interrogatives as relativization markers in Indo-European". to appear in Diachronica</p>
Table 1 : Norms for clinical use of CXM, a real-time marker of height velocity
<p>Table 1 data set</p>
Data from: Genetic diversity among INERA maize inbred lines with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and their relationship with CIMMYT, IITA, and temperate lines
Background: Genetic diversity provides the capacity for plants to meet changing environments. It is fundamentally important in crop improvement. Fifty-nine local maize lines developed at INERA and 41 exotic (temperate and tropical) inbred lines were characterized using 1057 SNP markers to (1) analyse the genetic diversity in a diverse set of maize inbred lines; (2) determine the level of genetic diversity in INERA inbred lines and patterns of relationships of these inbred lines developed from two sources; and (3) examine the genetic differences between local and exotic germplasms. Results: Roger's genetic distance for about 64% of the pairs of lines fell between 0.300 and 0.400. Sixty one per cent of the pairs of lines also showed relative kinship values of zero. Model-based population structure analysis and principal component analysis revealed the presence of 5 groups that agree, to some extent, with the origin of the germplasm. There was genetic diversity among INERA inbred lines, which were genetically less closely related and showed a low level of heterozygosity. These lines could be divided into 3 major distinct groups and a mixed group consistent with the source population of the lines. Pairwise comparisons between local and exotic germplasms showed that the temperate and some IITA lines were differentiated from INERA lines. There appeared to be substantial levels of genetic variation between local and exotic germplasms as revealed by missing and unique alleles. Conclusions: Allelic frequency differences observed between the germplasms, together with unique alleles identified within each germplasm, shows the potential for a mutual improvement between the sets of germplasm. The results from this study will be useful to breeders in designing inbred-hybrid breeding programs, association mapping population studies and marker assisted breeding.
Data from: Genome-wide survey of nuclear protein-coding markers for beetle phylogenetics and their application in resolving both deep and shallow-level divergences
Beetles (Coleoptera) are the most diverse and species-rich insect group, representing an impressive explosive radiation in the evolutionary history of insects, and their evolutionary relationships are often difficult to resolve. The amount of "traditional markers" (e.g., mitochondrial genes and nuclear rDNAs) for beetle phylogenetics is small and these markers often lack sufficient signals in resolving relationships for such a rapidly radiating lineage. Here, based on the available genome data of beetles and other related insect species, we performed a genome-wide survey to search nuclear protein-coding (NPC) genes suitable for research on beetle phylogenetics. As a result, we identified 1470 candidate loci, which provided a valuable data resource to the beetle evolutionary research community for NPC marker development. We randomly chose 180 candidate loci from the database to design primers and successfully developed 95 NPC markers which can be PCR amplified from standard genomic DNA extracts. These new nuclear markers are universally applicable across Coleoptera, with an average amplification success rate of 90%. To test the phylogenetic utility, we used them to investigate the backbone phylogeny of Coleoptera (18 families sampled) and the family Coccinellidae (39 species sampled). Both phylogenies are well resolved (average bootstrap support > 95%), showing that our markers can be used to address phylogenetic questions of various evolutionary depth (from species level to family level). In general, the newly developed nuclear markers are much easier to use and more phylogenetically informative than the "traditional markers", and show great potential to expedite resolution of many parts in the Beetle Tree of Life.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of Urochloa grass accessions from Tanzania using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Urochloa (syn.—Brachiaria s.s.) is one of the most important tropical forages that transformed livestock industries in Australia and South America. Farmers in Africa are increasingly interested in growing Urochloa to support the burgeoning livestock business, but the lack of cultivars adapted to African environments has been a major challenge. Therefore, this study examines genetic diversity of Tanzanian Urochloa accessions to provide essential information for establishing a Urochloa breeding program in Africa. A total of 36 historical Urochloa accessions initially collected from Tanzania in 1985 were analyzed for genetic variation using 24 SSR markers along with six South American commercial cultivars. These markers detected 407 alleles in the 36 Tanzania accessions and 6 commercial cultivars. Markers were highly informative with an average polymorphic information content of 0.79. The analysis of molecular variance revealed high genetic variation within individual accessions in a species (92%), fixation index of 0.05 and gene flow estimate of 4.77 showed a low genetic differentiation and a high level of gene flow among populations. An unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the 36 accessions and six commercial cultivars into three main clusters. The clustering of test accessions did not follow geographical origin. Similarly, population structure analysis grouped the 42 tested genotypes into three major gene pools. The results showed the Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf population has the highest genetic diversity (I = 0.94) with high utility in the Urochloa breeding and conservation program. As the Urochloa accessions analyzed in this study represented only 3 of 31 regions of Tanzania, further collection and characterization of materials from wider geographical areas are necessary to comprehend the whole Urochloa diversity in Tanzania.
Data from: A single multiplex of twelve microsatellite markers for the simultaneous study of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and the mountain hare (Lepus timidus)
The management of hunted species is challenging, as it must conciliate the conservation of species and their sustainable exploitation. Non-genetic tools are widely used in this context but they may present limitations notably when species can hybridize or when large-scale spatial monitoring is required to establish optimal management actions. This is why genetic tools have been more and more integrated in wildlife management practices. However, the markers proposed are often amplified in small multiplexes when larger ones could allow to better cope with the small quantities of DNA obtained with non-invasive sampling methods. Here, we propose a unique multiplex of 12 autosomal microsatellite markers for the study of two hare species that exist in sympatry in some areas in Europe and are hunted notably in France: the brown hare Lepus europaeus and the mountain hare L. timidus. We tested 17 markers previously used in these two species or other lagomorph species, from which 12 were included in this single multiplex. Diversity was between 4 and 30 alleles per locus totalling 126 alleles and we showed that these markers possess appropriate genetic resolution for individual and species identification for the populations under study. This multiplex panel represents the largest number of microsatellites amplified in one reaction proposed for these two hare species and provides a cost-effective and valuable tool for further hybridization studies and the management of hares.
Data from: Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of five Chinese indigenous donkey breeds using microsatellite markers
China had the largest population of raising donkeys in the world, however the number of Chinese indigenous donkey decreased dramatically due to the increase of agriculture mechanization in the last century. The species has still been important in China because of its edible and medical value, therefore the survey on its genetic diversity in China is necessary for its conservation and utilization. In this study, 15 microsatellite markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of five Chinese indigenous donkey breeds. The mean values of expected heterozygosity, allelic richness, and total number of alleles for all the tested Chinese donkeys were 0.70, 6.04, and 6.28 respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous donkeys is rich. The Bayesian analysis and principal component analysis plot yielded the same clustering result, which revealed that Guanzhong donkey was the most differentiated breed in all detected samples, and Jinnan (JN) and Guangling (GL) were genetically closed together. Additionally, our results indicated that the heterozygote deficit was severe in two Chinese indigenous donkey breeds (GL and JN), and it warned us that animal conservation activities on this species should be considered carefully in near future.
Elise Kohler Tree Stump Grave Marker
I modeled this grave marker years ago but wanted to try again. This stone is difficult to read in person, but without the texture, it is easier to read. It is located in Saint Michaels Cemetery, Sioux Falls, SD. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
National Road Marker in Ohio
A carved-stone road marker for the National Road, circa 1840. On the grounds of the George Rogers Clark Park, near Springfield, Ohio. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 2 from: Acquah ME, Aboagye F, Ashong Y, Mosi L (2024) Development of a field diagnostic tool for Schistosoma mansoni Praziquantel resistant markers in selected endemic communities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e120899. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e120899
Figure 2 Study Design: Workflow of the proposed research.
Molecular Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds Emitted from Coal Combustion: 1N-PAHs Can Serve as Markers
<p>This is the data repository for <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> manuscript "Molecular Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds Emitted from Coal Combustion: 1N-PAHs Can Serve as Markers".</p>
T a b l e 7 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers
T a b l e 7. Conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Milestone marker stone
**Milestone road marker ** marble stone with numbers 0 300 photogrametry scan (24MP, 100+) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Marker for Flora Webb at Oakland Cemetery
This individual marker/ gravestone is for Flora Webb at Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
German Knights of Rohr Marker
Photoscan model of marker commemorating the location of the knights of Rohr's castle in 1250. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Marker for the Buchanans at Oakland Cemtery
This individual marker/gravestone is for James and Nancy Buchanan at Oakland Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.