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FIGURE 7 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 7. Body mass of Megacerini, Rangifer tarandus and Alcini in Middle and Pleistocene localities from Britain and Germany. For explanation of graph, see Figure 6.

FIGURE 3 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 3. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of deer (Cervidae) from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names. For Megacerini, the samples from Grays Thurrock and Ireland are Megaloceros giganteus; those from Boxgrove, West Runton and Voigstedt combine Praemegaceros verticornis, P. dawkinsi and Megaloceros savini. For Dama the specimens from Boxgrove are D. cf. roberti; others are D. dama.

FIGURE 6 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 6. Body mass of Cervus elaphus, Dama spp. and Capreolus capreolus in Middle and Late Pleistocene localities from Britain and Germany. The localities are arranged from oldest (right) to youngest (left) estimated age. The middle line in the diamonds marks the mean body mass and the upper and lower lines mark the 95% confidence limits of the mean. Diamonds that do not overlap at the 95% lines indicate statistically significant difference between populations. The central line in the figures indicates the combined mean body mass of all the populations. The individual body mass estimates of each specimen are shown as data points. Sample sizes are given in brackets for each locality.

FIGURE 15 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 15. Early Neogene chondrichthyan diversity in the Americas. Tropical America: Barbados (Ba), Brazil (Br), Colombia (Co), Costa Rica (Cs), Cuba (Cu), The Grenadines (Gr), Panamá (Pa), Perú (Pu), Trinidad (Tr) and Venezuela (Ve). North America: United States of America (US). Southern South America: Argentina (Ar) and Chile (Ch). Aquitanian (Anq), Burdigalian (Brd), Langhian (Lngh); early Miocene without differentiation (EM), early-Middle Miocene (E- MM). Formation(Fm.), early (E). Note: to references see "Paleodiversity significance" (see Discusion).

FIGURE 12 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 12. Myliobatiformes and other chondrichthyans of the Cantaure Formation. 1-6. Myliobatiformes indet. (AMU-CURS-507). 7-8. vertebra of chondrichthyan Indet. (AMU-CURS-928). 9-10. tooth of †Galeocerdo aduncus in association with barnacles of the family Balanidae (AMU-CURS-720). Jaw position: indet. (9). View: lingual (9), dorsal (1, 4, 5-6), ventral (2-3) and indet. (7-8).

FIGURE 5 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 5. Linear regressions of body mass (kg) of deer (Cervidae) from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Each point represents an individual specimen. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names.

FIGURE 2 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 2. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of the ungulates in the local palaeocommunities and NAP % in the pollen records of the localities with (1.1.) minimum NAP %, (1.2.) maximum NAP % and (1.3.) mean NAP %.

FIGURE 11 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 11. Mobulids of the Cantaure Formation. 1-11. †Mobula fragilis (1-3, 10-11: AMU-CURS-947; 4-6: AMU- CURS-948 and 7-9: AMU-CURS-949). 12-18. Mobula cf. †M. loupianensis (AMU-CURS-946). 19-23. Mobula sp. (AMU-CURS-927). 24-27. †Plinthicus stenodon (AMU-CURS-715). Jaw position: indet. (1-27). View: labial (1, 4, 7, 10, 14-15, 17, 22, 24), lingual (3, 6, 20, 26), occlusal (2, 5, 8, 16, 19, 25), profile (11-12, 18, 23, 27) and basal (9, 13, 21).

FIGURE 1 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 1. The localities included in this study from England and Ireland (1.1) and from Germany (1.2). The maps (1.1) and (1.2) are not to the same scale.

FIGURE 4 in Patterns of diet and body mass of large ungulates from the Pleistocene of Western Europe, and their relation to vegetation

FIGURE 4. Linear regressions of mean mesowear values of Bovidae, Equus ferus and Rhinocerotidae from localities with pollen records, and minimum, maximum and mean NAP % in the pollen records of the localities. Numbers of specimens per locality are given in brackets after the locality names. Bison from Mauer is B. schoetensacki; from other localities, B. priscus.

FIGURE 16 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 16. Paleobathymetric interpretation of the Cantaure Formation using several proxies. A, Foraminifera (Díaz de Gamero, 1974), B, corals (Griffiths et al., 2013), C, mollusks (Jung, 1965; Landau et al., in press), D, crustaceans (Aguilera et al., 2010), E, sharks (this study), F, teleosteans (Nolf and Aguilera, 1998, Aguilera and Rodrigues de Aguilera, 2001).

FIGURE 10 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 10. Myliobatiformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-3. Aetobatus sp. (1-3: AMU-CURS-716). 4-14. Aetomylaeus sp. (AMU-CURS-750). 15-29. Rhinoptera sp. (15-18: AMU-CURS-979; 19-21, 22-23, 24-25, 28-29: AMU-CURS- 977 and 26-27: AMU-CURS-981). Jaw position: indet. (1-29). View: labial (11, 18), lingual (5, 12, 17, 21-22, 24, 28), occlusal (1, 4, 8, 10, 15, 19, 23, 26), profile (3, 13-14) and basal (2, 6, 7, 9, 16, 20, 25, 27, 29).

FIGURE 9 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 9. Myliobatiformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-10. Dasyatis sp. (1-2, 7-8: AMU-CURS-930; 3-4: AMU- CURS-932; 5-6: AMU-CURS-933 and 9-10: AMU-CURS-931). 11-17. cf. Pteroplatytrygon sp. (AMU-CURS-926). 18- 21. cf. Taeniurops sp. (AMU-CURS-925). 22-27. Dasyatidae indet. (22-24: AMU-CURS-936 and 25-27: AMU-CURS- 937). Jaw position: indet. (1-27). View: labial (4, 9, 11, 15, 21), lingual (2, 16), occlusal (1, 5, 13, 18, 22, 25), profile (3, 6-7, 10, 12, 17, 19, 24, 27) and basal (8, 14, 20, 23, 26).

FIGURE 7 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 7. Carcharhiniformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-5. †Isogomphodon acuarius (1-2: AMU-CURS-950 and 3- 5: AMU-CURS-951). 6-10. †Negaprion eurybathrodon (6-9: AMU-CURS-989 and 10: AMU-CURS-987). 11-15. †Physogaleus contortus (11-12: AMU-CURS-719 and 13-15: AMU-CURS-648). 16-20. Carcharhinidae indet. (AMU- CURS-939). 21-25. †Sphyrna arambourgi (21-24: AMU-CURS-961 and 25: AMU-CURS-962). Jaw position: upper (1- 3, 6-9, 16-19? 21-22, 25), lower (4-5, 10, 20? 23-24) and indet. (11-15). View: labial (2, 6, 9, 11, 13, 17-18, 22, 24-25) and lingual (1, 3-5, 7-8, 10, 12, 14-16, 19-21, 23).

FIGURE 8 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 8. Carcharhiniformes and Rajiformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-5. Sphyrna cf. †S. laevissima (1-3, 5: AMU-CURS-964 and 4: AMU-CURS-963). 6-11. Rhynchobatus sp. (6, 9: AMU-CURS-968; 7-8, 10: AMU-CURS-969 and 11: AMU-CURS-970). 12-20. Pristis sp. (rostral denticle 12-14: AMU-CURS-242; buccal teeth 15-20: AMU- CURS-967). Jaw position: upper (1-2) and indet. (3-11, 15-20). View: labial (1, 3), lingual (2, 4-5, 11), occlusal (6-8, 15, 17, 19), profile (18, 20), basal (9-10, 16), posterior (12) and dorsal (13-14).

FIGURE 5 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 5. Carcharhiniformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-5. Rhizoprionodon sp. (1-3, 5: AMU-CURS-975 and 4: AMU-CURS-960). 6-10. †Carcharhinus ackermannii (6-7: AMU-CURS-713 and 8-10: AMU-CURS-714). 11-15. Carcharhinus brachyurus (AMU-CURS-990). 16-20. Carcharhinus falciformis (AMU-CURS-991). 21-25. Carcharhinus cf. C. galapagensis (AMU-CURS-973). Jaw position: upper (2, 4-14, 16-25) and lower (1, 3. 15). View: labial (6, 9, 12- 13, 17-18, 20-21, 24) and lingual (1-5, 7-8, 10-11, 14-16, 19, 22-23, 25).

FIGURE 4 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 4. Carcharhiniformes of the Cantaure Formation. 1-2. Galeorhinus cf. G. galeus (AMU-CURS-974). 3-7. Mustelus sp. (AMU-CURS-975). 8-13. †Hemipristis serra (8: AMU-CURS-731 and 9-13: AMU-CURS-644). 14-18. †Galeocerdo aduncus (14-15: AMU-CURS-730 and 16-18: AMU-CURS-647). 19-23. †Galeocerdo mayumbensis (19-20: AMU-CURS-995 and 21-23: AMU-CURS-646). Jaw position: upper (9-12), lower (8? 13) and indet. (1-7, 14- 23). View: labial (1, 6, 7, 10, 15, 19, 21-22), lingual (2, 4, 8-9, 11-14, 16-18, 20, 23) and occlusal-lingual (3, 5).

FIGURE 21 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 21. Detail of the right astragalus of Wiehenvenator albati: Base of the ascending process and fibular facet in anteroproximal view, showing large foramen anterior to the ascending process. Abbreviations as in Figure 20, and: f, foramen.

FIGURE 1 in An Early Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (Western Venezuela)

FIGURE 1. Location and stratigraphy of the Cantaure Formation. 1. Fossiliferous localities. 2. Stratigraphic section of locality 1 (artesian well) and locality 2 (outcrop). Stratigraphic column modified after Aguilera (2010) and Aguilera et al. (2013).

FIGURE 17 in A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic

FIGURE 17. Dorsal ribs and gastralia of Wiehenvenator albati. 1, thoracic rib. 2, abdominal rib. 3-5, fused posterior medial gastralia in dorsal (3), ventral (4; stereophotographs), and anterior (5) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.