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9,097 results for “wild”
Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure in a wild bird population: the role of limited dispersal and environmentally-based selection as causal factors
Individuals are typically not randomly distributed in space; consequently ecological and evolutionary theory depends heavily on understanding the spatial structure of populations. The central challenge of landscape genetics is therefore to link spatial heterogeneity of environments to population genetic structure. Here, we employ multivariate spatial analyses to identify environmentally induced genetic structures in a single breeding population of 1174 great tits Parus major genotyped at 4701 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Despite the small spatial scale of the study relative to natal dispersal we found multiple axes of genetic structure. We built distance-based Moran's eigenvector maps to identify axes of pure spatial variation, which we used for spatial correction of regressions between SNPs and various external traits known to be related to fitness components (avian malaria infection risk, local density of conspecifics, oak tree density and altitude). We found clear evidence of fine-scale genetic structure, with 21, 7 and 9 significant SNPs respectively associated with infection risk by two species of avian malaria (Plasmodium circumflexum and P. relictum) and local conspecific density. Such fine-scale genetic structure relative to dispersal capabilities suggests ecological and evolutionary mechanisms maintain within-population genetic diversity in this population with the potential to drive micro-evolutionary change.
Figure 1 in Egg predation and vertebrates associated with wild crocodilian nests in Mexico determined using camera-traps
Figure 1. Geographical location of the study areas and photographic records of eggs predation. Procyon lotor (a, e, f), Didelphis virginiana (b), Cuniculus paca (c), Nasua narica (d, g), and Caracara cheriway (h).
Figure 2 in Egg predation and vertebrates associated with wild crocodilian nests in Mexico determined using camera-traps
Figure 2. Non-linear regression models: (a)- Predator species increase with the number of vertebrates recorded in the areas of study. (b)- The number of nests lost decreases as crocodilian size increases.
Data from: Phenological mismatch drives selection on elevation, but not on slope, of breeding time plasticity in a wild songbird
Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism for populations to respond to fluctuating environments, yet may be insufficient to adapt to a directionally changing environment. To study whether plasticity can evolve under current climate change, we quantified selection and genetic variation in both the elevation (RNE) and slope (RNS) of the breeding time reaction norm in a long-term (1973–2016) study population of great tits (Parus major). The optimal RNE (the caterpillar biomass peak date regressed against the temperature used as cue by great tits) changed over time, whereas the optimal RNS did not. Concordantly, we found strong directional selection on RNE, but not RNS, of egg-laying date in the second third of the study period; this selection subsequently waned, potentially due to increased between-year variability in optimal laying dates. We found individual and additive genetic variation in RNE but, contrary to previous studies on our population, not in RNS. The predicted and observed evolutionary change in RNE were, however, marginal, due to low heritability and the sex limitation of laying date. We conclude that adaptation to climate change can only occur via micro-evolution of RNE, but this will necessarily be slow and potentially hampered by increased variability in phenotypic optima.
Data from: Oxidative status and social dominance in a wild cooperative breeder
1. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key mediator of life-history trade-offs, yet the social factors that affect patterns of oxidative states amongst individuals in animal societies remain virtually unexplored. 2. This is important, as rank-related differences in reproductive effort in many social species have the potential to generate, or indeed arise from, differences in oxidative state across dominance classes. 3. Here, we examine rank-related variation in oxidative states before and after a lengthy breeding season in a wild cooperatively breeding bird with high reproductive skew in the semi-arid zone of Southern Africa; the white-browed sparrow weaver (Plocepasser mahali). 4. Our findings reveal that prior to breeding, neither sex showed rank-related differences in markers of oxidative damage or antioxidant protection, suggesting that dominants' reproductive monopolies do not arise from superior pre-breeding oxidative states. 5. After breeding, however, females (who provision young at higher rates than males) suffered elevated oxidative damage, and dominant females (the only birds to lay and incubate eggs, and the primary nestling provisioners) experienced differential declines in antioxidant protection. 6. While males also showed reduced antioxidant capacity after breeding, this decline was rank-independent and not associated with elevated oxidative damage. 7. Our findings suggest that divisions of labour in animal societies can leave the hardest-working classes differentially exposed to oxidative stress, raising the possibility of hitherto unexplored impacts on health and ageing in social species.
Data from: Climate change upends selection on ornamentation in a wild bird
Secondary sexual traits have high heritabilities and are exposed to strong, environmentally sensitive selection, and so are expected to evolve rapidly in response to sustained environmental change. We examine the eco-evolutionary dynamics of ornament expression in a long-term study population of collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis, in which forehead patch size, which positively influences male reproductive success, declined markedly over 34 years. Annual fitness selection on forehead patch size switched from positive to negative during the study, a reversal that is accounted for by rising spring temperatures at the breeding site: highly ornamented males were selectively favoured following cold breeding seasons but selected against following warm breeding seasons. An 'individual animal model' describes a decline in the genetic values of breeding males during the study, which simulations showed was unlikely to result from drift alone. These results are thus consistent with adaptive evolution of a sexually selected trait in response to climate change.
Data from: Ageing and reproduction: antioxidant supplementation alleviates telomere loss in wild birds
Reproduction is inherently costly. Environmental stressors, such as infection and limited food resources, can compromise investment at each breeding attempt. For example, recent data on captive birds showed that increased reproductive effort accelerates ageing. However, the effects of nutritional status and infection on ageing remain unknown. Telomeres function as protective caps at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and changes in telomere length is a commonly used proxy for ageing. To partially address the mechanisms of ageing following reproduction, we supplemented, medicated or administered a combined treatment to wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) breeding in central Spain during 2012. The nutritional supplement consisted of two different antioxidants, while the medication was an antimalarial treatment against blood parasites. We evaluated the effect of these manipulations on reproductive success and parasite loads in the first breeding season, and on changes in telomere length between two consecutive breeding seasons. Supplemented birds showed no reduction in blood parasite infections in 2012, although they exhibited higher body mass and fledging success. The antimalarial drugs reduced infections by several parasite species, but this had no effect on fitness parameters. In the following season, telomeres from supplemented birds had shortened less. Altogether, we found that supplementation with antioxidants provided fitness benefits in the short term and reduced telomere loss a year following treatment. Our results provide indirect empirical support for accelerated telomere loss as a cost of reproduction.
Data from: Unexpected positive and negative effects of continuing inbreeding in one of the world's most inbred wild animals
Inbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of offspring of related individuals, is a central theme in evolutionary biology. Inbreeding effects are influenced by the genetic makeup of a population, which is driven by any history of genetic bottlenecks and genetic drift. The Chatham Island black robin represents a case of extreme inbreeding following two severe population bottlenecks. We tested whether inbreeding measured by a 20-year pedigree predicted variation in fitness among individuals, despite the high mean level of inbreeding and low genetic diversity in this species. We found that paternal and maternal inbreeding reduced fledgling survival and individual inbreeding reduced juvenile survival, indicating that inbreeding depression affects even this highly inbred population. Close inbreeding also reduced survival for fledglings with less-inbred mothers, but unexpectedly improved survival for fledglings with highly inbred mothers. This counterintuitive interaction could not be explained by various potentially confounding variables. We propose a genetic mechanism, whereby a highly inbred chick with a highly inbred parent inherits a "proven" genotype and thus experiences a fitness advantage, which could explain the interaction. The positive and negative effects we found emphasize that continuing inbreeding can have important effects on individual fitness, even in populations that are already highly inbred.
FIGURE 2 in Paradeontacylix godfreyi n. sp. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from the heart of wild Seriola lalandi (Perciformes: Carangidae) in southern Australia
FIGURE 2. Large posterior tegumental spines (lpts) and medium posterior tegumental spines (mpts), ventral view of Australian Paradeontacylix species. A. Paradeontacylix godfreyi n. sp, holotype, showing clawlike large posterior tegumental spines arranged in 4 longitudinal rows each comprising 4 spines and medium posterior tegumental spines arranged in 2 to 3 longitudinal rows each comprising 4 spines on either side of large posterior tegumental spines. B. Paradeontacylix sp. (SAMA AHC 28912) showing pointed, slightly curved large posterior tegumental spines arranged in 4 longitudinal rows each comprising 3 spines and medium posterior tegumental spines arranged in 3 longitudinal rows each comprising 3 spines on either side of large posterior tegumental spines. Scale bars = 30 m.
FIGURE 1. Paradeontacylix godfreyi n in Paradeontacylix godfreyi n. sp. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from the heart of wild Seriola lalandi (Perciformes: Carangidae) in southern Australia
FIGURE 1. Paradeontacylix godfreyi n. sp. A. Whole adult parasite, holotype, ventral view. B. Posterior portion, holotype, ventral view, showing testicular field and post–ovarian region. Abbreviations: ac, anterior caecum; c, cirrus; cs, cirrus sac; cv, common vitelline duct; e, egg; fgp, female genital pore; g, gland cells; lpts, large posterior tegumental spines; m, mouth; ma, margin; me, metraterm; Mg, Mehlis' gland; mgp, male genital pore; mpts, medium posterior tegumental spines; mts, marginal tegumental spines; o, ovary; oe, oesophagus; oo, oötype; ov, oviduct; pc, posterior caecum; sr, seminal receptacle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; u, uterus; v, vitellarium; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: A = 1,000 m; B = 250 m.
FIGURE 1. Musa haekkinenii. A in A distinctive new species of wild banana (Musa, Musaceae) from northern Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Musa haekkinenii. A—habit; B—cross-section of petiole; C—old leaf base; D—old leaf apex; E—young leaf base; F—young leaf apex; G—young female inflorescence; H—male inflorescence with many persistent bracts; I—inner surface of male bract; J—outer surface of male bract; K—male flower, ventral view; L—male flower, dorsal view; M—compound tepal; N—free tepal; O—female flower: ovary, compound tepal, free tepal, filaments, style and stigma; P—lateral view of male flower; Q—close-up of filaments, anthers, style, and stigma of male flower; R—un-fertilized fruit with persistent perianth. Scale bars: A = 50 cm; B = 1 cm; C–F = 20 cm; G = 10 cm; H = 5 cm; I–S = 2 cm. Based on dried materials, spirit materials (P) and photos of TH–508 and Lý–518.
Data from: Predator abundance drives the association between exploratory personality and foraging habitat risk in a wild marine meso-predator.
<p>1. In recent years, the incorporation of lower levels of organization to the understanding of population ecology, has led to an increase in interest for animal personality and individual foraging specialization. Despite these topics investigating comparable phenomena, i.e. individual consistency in behavior and in food resource use respectively, they have rarely been investigated together.</p> <p>2. Food resource use is thought to be at the interface between personality and life-history. More explorative individuals in a population, for example, are thought to increase encounter rates with food resources and consequently have faster growth than less explorative conspecifics.</p> <p>3. Such hypotheses have so far only received partial support, and the link between personality and life-history is increasingly speculated to be plastic and dependent on spatio-temporal variation in ecological conditions. Intra-specific competition and/or predation risk, for example are known to influence foraging specialization.</p> <p>4. Here, we investigated the relationship between exploration personality of juvenile lemon sharks (<i>Negaprion brevirostris</i>) (measured in captivity) and foraging habitat use (high risk vs low risk; measured via stable isotope analysis in the field) in relation to conspecific and predator abundance.</p> <p>5. We identified predator abundance as the main driver for the association between foraging habitat and exploration personality. When predators were less abundant, increased exploration was associated with foraging in riskier habitats. When predator abundance increased, an inverse relationship occurred, with less explorative individuals using more dangerous habitat.</p> <p>6. We conclude that the relationship between personality and resource use is plastic and context dependent, which could explain the inconclusive results of previous studies investigating links between personality and life-history.</p>
Logos in the Wild dataset
<p>Logos in the Wild dataset - unofficial version</p> <p>I am uploading the following dataset even though I am not the original author (see https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10891). I built an unofficial implementation of the algorithm using this dataset (named Logohunter) and have received emails of interested researchers looking for the dataset; unfortunately the original IOSB Fraunhofer link referred in the paper is dead. In addition, as the original dataset only provides URLs to the images (some of which have disappeared with time), I am uploading the images themselves as well. While copyrighted, this is clearly fair use.</p> <p>The <span class="ng-binding">LogosInTheWild-v2.zip file contains the original dataset (URLs only), while </span><span class="ng-binding">litw_cleaned.tar.gz </span> contains the full dataset with images (as downloaded in February 2019).</p> <p>Below is the content of the README from the original dataset authors:</p> <p><br> # General remarks<br> This dataset consists of web images which were crawled via Google<br> image search and according logo annotions. It was collected at<br> Fraunhofer IOSB in Karlsruhe, Germany.<br> For dataset related matters please contact Christian Herrmann:<br> christian.herrmann@iosb.fraunhofer.de.<br> <br> <br> # Structure<br> Each folder contains the raw Pascal VOC style xml annotation files and a<br> urls.txt file containing a list of URLs where the images can be<br> downloaded. Each row in the list contains the image ID and the URL<br> of the image file.<br> <br> A folder includes all images resulting from the Google image search for<br> this brand. Because images can show a large variety of logos beyond the<br> keyword search, there are a lot logos of different brands within each<br> folder or sometimes even within a single image.<br> The bounding box name denotes the actual brand for each logo. When<br> necessary, separation is made between graphical and textual logos via<br> additional specifiers of the brand name (e.g. 'porsche-logo',<br> 'porsche-text'). Visually different logos of one brand are separated by<br> enumeration if distinction by graphical/textual is impossible (e.g.<br> 'adidas1', 'adidas2'). There are some misspellings and inconsistencies<br> with the labels and specifiers in the raw annotation files. We opt not to<br> alter the raw files provided by the annotation crew but instead fix the<br> issues by the create_clean_dataset.py script (see Scripts section below).<br> <br> List of cleaned specifiers:<br> - 'text': pure textual logo<br> - 'symbol': graphical logo<br> <br> Additional specifiers in raw annotations:<br> - 'partial','teilsichtbar': logo is significantly occluded and thus only<br> partially visible, this information is only included in the raw annotations<br> - 'schrift','schriftzug': same as 'text'<br> - 'logo': same as 'symbol'<br> <br> <br> # Scripts<br> To ease processing, the scripts folder contains a Python scripts to<br> preprocess the dataset.<br> create_clean_dataset.py corrects labeling mistakes and can create<br> different versions of the dataset:<br> <br> 1.) Clean Pascal VOC dataset structure which is straight-forward readable<br> by a lot of object detector frameworks. This is created in all cases:<br> python create_clean_dataset.py --in ./data --out ./cleaned-data<br> <br> 2.) Cropped logos sorted into seperate brand folders. This addresses<br> classification or verification tasks. Parameter: --roi.<br> <br> 3.) Logo classes from FlickrLogos32 can be excluded from 1) and 2) via<br> --wofl32. This allows training on Logos in the Wild and testing on<br> FlickrLogos32 if brand overlap is undesired, such as for open-set<br> evalutation.<br> <br> <br> # How to get started<br> 1.) Download the images from the provided URLs.<br> 2.) Execute create_clean_dataset.py script.<br> <br> # Dataset usage<br> If you use this dataset in your work please cite:</p> <p>```<br> @INPROCEEDINGS{,<br> author = {T{\"u}zk{\"o}, Andras and Herrmann, Christian and Manger, Daniel<br> and J{\"u}rgen Beyerer},<br> title = {{O}pen {S}et {L}ogo {D}etection and {R}etrieval},<br> booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on<br> Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications:<br> VISAPP},<br> year = {2018}}<br> ```</p>
Targeted genome editing in vivo corrects a Dmd duplication restoring wild‐type dystrophin expression
<p class="Paragraph">Tandem duplication mutations are increasingly found to be the direct cause of many rare heritable diseases, accounting for up to 10% of cases. Unfortunately, animal models recapitulating such mutations are scarce, limiting our ability to study them and develop genome editing-based therapies. Here, we describe the generation of the <em>Dup18-30 </em>mouse model, harbouring a multi-exonic tandem duplication in the <i>Dmd</i> gene which recapitulates a human mutation. Duplication correction of this mouse was achieved by implementing a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) CRISPR/Cas9 approach. This strategy precisely removed a duplication mutation <i>in vivo</i>, restored full-length dystrophin expression, and was accompanied by improvements in both histopathological and clinical phenotypes. We conclude that CRISPR/Cas9 represents a powerful tool to accurately model and treat tandem-duplication mutations. </p> <p class="Paragraph">This dataset includes the deep amplicon sequencing analysis performed to detect single-sgRNA/Cas9 off-target and on-target effects in the <em>Dup18-30</em> mice after treatment.</p>
Data from: Differential proteomic responses of selectively bred and wild Sydney rock oyster populations exposed to elevated CO2
Previous work suggests that larvae from Sydney rock oysters that have been selectively bred for fast growth and disease resistance are more resilient to the impacts of ocean acidification than nonselected, wild-type oysters. In this study, we used proteomics to investigate the molecular differences between oyster populations in adult Sydney rock oysters and to identify whether these form the basis for observations seen in larvae. Adult oysters from a selective breeding line (B2) and nonselected wild types (WT) were exposed for 4 weeks to elevated pCO2 (856 μatm) before their proteomes were compared to those of oysters held under ambient conditions (375 μatm pCO2). Exposure to elevated pCO2 resulted in substantial changes in the proteomes of oysters from both the selectively bred and wild-type populations. When biological functions were assigned, these differential proteins fell into five broad, potentially interrelated categories of subcellular functions, in both oyster populations. These functional categories were energy production, cellular stress responses, the cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and cell signalling. In the wild-type population, proteins were predominantly upregulated. However, unexpectedly, these cellular systems were downregulated in the selectively bred oyster population, indicating cellular dysfunction. We argue that this reflects a trade-off, whereby an adaptive capacity for enhanced mitochondrial energy production in the selectively bred population may help to protect larvae from the effects of elevated CO2, whilst being deleterious to adult oysters.
Higher growth variability and stronger responses to temperature changes in wild than hatchery-reared sea trout (Salmo trutta L.)
<p>Each year, millions of hatchery-reared sea-run brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L. (the sea trout) juveniles are released into the natural environment in the Atlantic region. The aim of this work was to investigate the growth responses of sea trout to changing temperature conditions and to compare the growth plasticity between wild and hatchery-reared fish. Scales were collected from sea trout in a selected river flowing into the southern Baltic Sea. We analyzed the scale increment widths as a proxy of somatic growth and investigated the interannual variabilities and differences in growth between fish groups (wild and hatchery-reared). We used mixed-effects Bayesian modeling and ascribed the variances in growth to different sources. Furthermore, we developed indices of interannual (2003–2015) growth variation in the marine and freshwater phases of the life cycle of the fish and analyzed the relationships between trout growth and temperature. Temperature positively affects fish growth, regardless of the origin of the fish. We observed stronger relationships between fish growth and temperature conditions in the marine phase than in the freshwater phase. Additionally, wild sea trout are characterized by stronger responses to temperature variability and higher phenotypic plasticity of growth than those of the hatchery-reared individuals. Therefore, wild sea trout might be better suited to changing environmental conditions than hatchery-reared sea trout. This knowledge identifies possible threats in management actions for sea trout with an emphasis on ongoing climate change.</p>
Cell size, chlorophyll fluorescence and cadmium bioaccumulation between wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon exposure to cadmium
<p>Heavy metal contamination presents a constant threat to biological systems. Simultaneously, heavy metals have become one of the major contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem. In this regard, the investigation of heavy metal-tolerance genes in algae is relevant. <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> is a unicellular green alga, and an excellent model organism used in heavy metal studies. In <i>C. reinhardtii</i>, a novel gene designated as Cia7, was hypothesized to play a role in heavy metal homeostasis due to CIA7's conserved cysteine-residue motif. This study compared two strains of <i>C. reinhardtii</i>, cc4425, the wild-type possessing the functional CIA7 protein and cc5013, the mutant strain possessing the disrupted cia7- gene. The hypothesis was that the expression of Cia7 contributes to an increased cadmium (Cd)-tolerance in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>. The Cd-tolerance would be described by physiological markers of microalgae health, and by intracellular accumulation of the metal. Methods: The objectives of this study were (1) to compare chlorophyll fluorescence and cell size in cc4425 and cc5013 exposed to Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and (2) to compare Cd<sup>2+</sup> bioaccumulation in cc4425 and cc5013 strains in different growth media. Flow cytometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis were performed. Results: There was no significant statistical difference in Cd<sup>2+</sup> bioaccumulation between the two strains, cc4425 and cc5013, regardless of growth media. However, a statistically significant difference in Cd<sup>2+</sup> bioaccumulation (p<0.0001) was determined between the media (with acetate and without acetate). The cia7- mutant, cc5013 was found to be more susceptible to a Cd<sup>2+</sup>-induced decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence and had a reduced cell size compared to cc4425, the wild-type strain. Conclusions: These observed differences between the strains suggest that CIA7's biological activity could play a direct or indirect role in increasing Cd tolerance in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>.</p>
The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)
<p>Understanding the evolutionary history of crops, including identifying wild relatives, helps to provide insight for conservation and crop breeding efforts. Cultivated <i>Brassica oleracea</i> has intrigued researchers for centuries due to its wide diversity in forms, which include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts. Yet, the evolutionary history of this species remains understudied. With such different vegetables produced from a single species, <i>B. oleracea </i>is a model organism for understanding the power of artificial selection. Persistent challenges in the study of <i>B. oleracea</i> include conflicting hypotheses regarding domestication and the identity of the closest living wild relative. Using newly generated RNA-seq data for a diversity panel of 224 accessions, which represents 14 different <i>B. oleracea</i> crop types and nine potential wild progenitor species, we integrate phylogenetic and population genetic techniques with ecological niche modeling, archaeological, and literary evidence to examine relationships among cultivars and wild relatives to clarify the origin of this horticulturally important species. Our analyses point to the Aegean endemic <i>B. cretica</i> as the closest living relative of cultivated <i>B. oleracea</i>, supporting an origin of cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Additionally, we identify several feral lineages, suggesting that cultivated plants of this species can revert to a wild-like state with relative ease. By expanding our understanding of the evolutionary history in <i>B. oleracea</i>, these results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on crop domestication that will facilitate continued breeding efforts including adaptation to changing environmental conditions.</p>
Cognitive maps in the wild: Revealing the use of metric information in black howler monkeys' route navigation
<p>When navigating, wild animals rely on internal representations of the external world to take movement decisions – called "cognitive maps". As a rule, flexible navigation is hypothesized to be supported by sophisticated spatial skills (i.e., Euclidean cognitive maps); however, constrained movements along habitual routes is the most commonly reported navigation strategy. Even though incorporating metric information (i.e., distances and angles between locations) in route-based cognitive maps would likely enhance an animal's navigation efficiency, there has been no evidence of this strategy reported for non-human animals to date. Here, we examine the properties of the cognitive map used by a wild population of primates by testing a series of cognitive hypotheses against spatially-explicit movement simulations. We collected 3104 hours of ranging and behavioural data on five groups of black howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta pigra</i>) at Palenque National Park, Mexico, from September 2016 through August 2017. We simulated correlated-random walks mimicking the ranging behaviour of the study subjects and tested for differences between observed and simulated movement patterns. Our results indicated that black howler monkeys engaged in constrained movement patterns characterized by a high path recursion tendency, which limited their capacity to travel in straight lines and approach feeding trees from multiple directions. In addition, we found that the structure of observed route networks was more complex and efficient than simulated route networks, suggesting that black howler monkeys incorporate metric information into their cognitive map. Our findings not only expand the use of metric information during route navigation to non-human animals but also highlight the importance of considering efficient route-based navigation as a cognitively demanding mechanism.</p>
Data for: Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees
<p>The majority of angiosperms require animal pollination for reproduction and insects are the dominant group of animal pollinators. Bees are considered one of the most important and abundant insect pollinators. Research into bee behaviour and foraging decisions has typically centred on managed eusocial bee species, <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Bombus terrestris</i>. Non-eusocial bees are understudied with respect to foraging strategies and decision-making, such as flower preferences. Understanding whether there are fundamental foraging strategies and preferences which are features of insect groups can provide key insights into the evolution of flower-pollinator co-evolution. In the current study, <i>Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium</i> and <i>L. </i>(<i>Parasphecodes</i>) sp., two native Australian generalist halictid bees, were tested for flower shape preferences between native insect-pollinated and bird-pollinated flowers. Each bee was presented with achromatic images of either insect-pollinated or bird-pollinated flowers in a circular arena. Both native bee species<b> </b>demonstrated a significant preference for images of insect-pollinated flowers. These preferences are similar to those found in <i>A. mellifera</i>, suggesting that flower shape preference may be a deep-rooted evolutionary occurrence within bees. With growing interest in the sensory capabilities of non-eusocial bees as alternative pollinators, the current study also provides a valuable framework for further behavioural testing of such species.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.