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13,017 results for “Positionning”
A DNA-Micropatterned Surface for Propagating Biomolecular Signals by Positional on-off Assembly of Catalytic Nanocompartments
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication: Maffeis, V. <em>et al.</em> “A DNA-Micropatterned Surface for Propagating Biomolecular Signals by Positional on-off Assembly of Catalytic Nanocompartments” <em>Small</em> <strong>2022</strong>, 2202818, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202202818">https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202202818</a></p> <p>Concept figures, Unicode origin graph (opj), TEM pictures, AFM pictures, LSM pictures</p> <p>TOC</p> <ol> <li><strong>Figure 1</strong> Concept figure representing the 3D view of micropatterned CNC immobilization promoting a cascade reaction between two distinct CNCs that ultimately results in a bioluminescent surface.</li> <li><strong>Figure 2</strong> Schematic reactions involved in the biomolecular signal propagation.</li> <li><strong>Figure 3</strong> Design and characterization of CNC-1 and CNC-2 (SLS and TEM).</li> <li><strong>Figure 4</strong> Schematic rapresentation of DNA synthesis inside Klenow-CNCs by SYBR green I.</li> <li><strong>Figure 5</strong> <em>a)</em> FCS autocorrelation curves of free Atto-488-template DNA (red) and Atto-488-template DNA CNC (blue); <em>b)</em> Activity of free Klenow polymerase, Klenow polymerase CNC with melittin, Klenow polymerase CNC without melittin at 25 °C; <em>c)</em> Enzyme activity of melittin-permeabilized Klenow CNCs and free Klenow fragment treated for 1 h at 55 °C; <em>d)</em> Enzyme activity of melittin-permeabilized Klenow CNCs and free Klenow fragment treated for 1 h at 75 °C.</li> <li><strong>Figure 6</strong> <em>a)</em> Chemical functionalization of the micro-printed glass surface with the amino-functionalized ssDNA; <em>b)</em> AFM height image of the DNA-functionalized glass slide recorded in 10 mm Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.2 at the resolution of 128 lines; <em>c)</em> CLSM image of glass surface microprinted with Cy5-labeled NH2-modified 31-mer.</li> <li><strong>Figure 7</strong> <em>a)</em> left, AFM height image, middle, phase type image, and right, height profile (corresponding to dashed white line) of tandem CNCs attached via DNA hybridization on the microprinted glass surface recorded in 10 mm Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.2; <em>b)</em> left, AFM height image, middle, phase type image and right, corresponding height profile of a single CNC; <em>c)</em> CLSM micrographs of polymersomes labeled with either cholesterol functionalized Atto-488 (green) or Dylight-633 (red)-DNA and immobilized by hybridization on a microprinted glass surface. Left panel, 488-channel, middle panel, 633-channel, right panel, merged image. Scale bars: 5 µm; <em>d)</em> Bioluminescence generation by permeable Klenow-CNCs and permeable ATP sulfurylase-CNCs (blue), by nonpermeable Klenow-CNCs and nonpermeable ATP sulfurylase-CNCs (pink), by the substrate mix alone (black), and by D-Luciferin and luciferase (red). Error bands represent ±SD, n = 3 replicates; <em>e)</em> QCM-D measurement of immobilized CNCs following repeated loading-removal cycles. Frequency (blue) and dissipation (brown) were recorded at three overtones (n = 3, 5, 7) as a function of time. (i, iv, vii) Addition of adaptor DNA, (ii, v, viii) immobilization of 22-mer polymersomes, and (iii, vi, ix) separation of DNA strands with 1 m NaOH.</li> </ol>
Data from: Negative effects of phosphorus addition override positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grassland temporal stability
<p>The temporal stability of a plant community in a native grassland ecosystem is affected substantially by soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment. However, the interactions between N and P inputs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their effects on the temporal stability of plant productivity have not yet been clarified. In this study, we combined a three-year <em>in situ</em> field experiment with a worldwide meta-analysis to assess the effects of soil fertilisation and AMF on the temporal stability of plant productivity. The addition of P decreased the stability of plant productivity as the standard deviation of plant productivity was increased directly and the temporal stability of C<sub>3</sub> grasses was decreased. However, there was no relationship between species richness and the stability, and of plant productivity, rather the stability of the dominant functional group and asynchrony among functional groups were the main drivers changing the stability of change in plant productivity. In both the site-specific experimental data analysis and worldwide meta-analysis, the negative effects of P addition overrode the positive effects of AMF on the temporal stability of plant communities. Overall, our study highlights the importance of soil nutrient availability over AMF in terms of shaping the temporal stability of a plant community. Our results also suggest that anthropogenic soil nutrient enrichment might reduce the temporal stability of plant communities in grassland environments regardless of the existence of AMF.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree based on Dataset 1 (43 terminal taxa, 2776 bp, 40% missing data). The Armatoplana species in the tree are presented in bold. For clades that received either ≥70% ML bootstrap or ≥0.90 BI posterior probability, the support values are presented near the nodes.
FIGURE 2 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 2. Armatoplana albomaculata sp. nov., photographs taken in life. A and B, ICHUM 6286 (holotype); C, ICHUM 6287 (paratype). A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, eyespots, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cte, cerebro-tentacular eyespot; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; ov, oviduct; sd, sperm duct. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C).
FIGURE 4 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 4. Armatoplana kaburakii sp. nov., photographs taken in life, ICHUM 6091 (holotype). A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, eyespots, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cte, cerebro-tentacular eyespot; fg, female gonopore; mg, male gonopore; ph, pharynx; ov, oviduct; sd, sperm duct. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C).
FIGURE 5 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 5. Armatoplana kaburakii sp. nov., sagittal view of copulatory apparatuses, anterior to the left. A–C, ICHUM 6091 (holotype); D, ICHUM 6283 (paratype); E, ICHUM 6090 (paratype). A, Schematic diagram of male and female copulatory apparatuses; B, male copulatory apparatus; C, D, penis stylet; E, female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cov, common oviduct; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang's vesicle duct; lv, Lang's vesicle; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; ppo, penis pocket; ps, penis stylet; pv, prostatic vesicle; sd, sperm duct, sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, E), 300 μm (B–D).
FIGURE 3 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 3. Armatoplana albomaculata sp. nov., sagittal view of copulatory apparatuses, anterior to the left, ICHUM 6286 (holotype). A, Schematic diagram of male and female copulatory apparatuses; B, male and female copulatory apparatuses; C, D, male copulatory apparatus; E, penis papilla; F, female copulatory apparatus. Abbreviations: cg, cement gland; cov, common oviduct; fg, female gonopore; ld, Lang's vesicle duct; lv, Lang's vesicle; ma, male atrium; mg, male gonopore; pp, penis papilla; ppo, penis pocket; ps, penis stylet; pv, prostatic vesicle; spv, spermiducal vesicle; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, B), 300 μm (C, D, F), 100 μm (E).
FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood trees. A in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood trees. A, ML tree based on Dataset 2 (32 terminal taxa, 2768 bp, 17% missing data); B, ML tree based on Dataset 3 (28 terminal taxa, 2776 bp, 9% missing data). The Armatoplana species in the tree are presented in bold. For clades that received either ≥70% ML bootstrap or ≥0.90 BI posterior probability, the support values are presented near the nodes.
FIGURE 1. Sampling sites. 1 in Descriptions of two new species of Armatoplana (Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the coasts of Japan, with their phylogenetic positions in Leptoplanoidea
FIGURE 1. Sampling sites. 1) Arai-hama Beach (35°09′34″N, 139°36′42″), Misaki, Kanagawa; 2) Nabeta Bay (34°40′01″N, 138°56′20″E), Shimoda, Shizuoka; 3) Usa (33°26′26″N, 133°26′16″E), Kochi; 4) Tsujishima Island (32°33′09″N, 130°06′32″), Amakusa, Kumamoto.
Dryness weakens the positive effects of plant and fungal β diversities on above- and belowground biomass
<p><span>Plant and microbial diversity are key to determine ecosystem functioning. Despite the well-known role of local-scale α diversity in affecting vegetation productivity, it still remains unclear about the effects of community heterogeneity (β diversity) of plants and soil microbes on above- and belowground productivity (AGB and BGB) across contrasting environments. Here, we conducted a dryness-gradient transect survey over 3000 km across grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We found that plant β diversity was more dominant than α diversity in stimulating AGB, while soil fungal β diversity was the key driver in enhancing BGB. However, these positive effects of plant and microbial β diversity on AGB and BGB were strongly weakened by increasing climatic dryness, mainly because higher soil available phosphorus caused by increasing dryness reduced both plant and soil fungal </span><span>β diversities. </span><span>Overall, these new findings highlight the </span><span>critical role of</span><span> above- and belowground </span><span>β diversity in sustaining grassland productivity, raising our awareness to the ecological risks of large-scale biotic homogenization under future climate change.</span></p>
The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird
<p>Generalist predators using small mammals as their primary prey are suggested to shift hunting alternative prey such as bird nests, when small mammals are in short supply (the alternative prey hypothesis, APH). Nest survival and survival of young individuals should be positively linked to small mammal abundance and negatively linked to predator abundance, but little information exists from survival of chicks, especially until recruitment. We test these predictions of the APH using 13 years (2002-2014) of life history data from a ground nesting shorebird breeding on coastal meadows. We use small mammal abundance in the previous autumn as a proxy for spring predator abundance, mainly of mammalian predators. We examine whether small mammal abundance in the spring and previous autumn explain annual variation in nest survival from depredation and local recruitment of the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii. As predicted by the APH, survival from nest predation was positively linked to spring small mammal abundance and negatively linked to autumn small mammal abundance. Importantly, local recruitment showed opposite responses. This counterintuitive result may be explained by density dependent survival. When nest depredation rates are low, predators may show stronger numerical and functional responses to high shorebird chick abundance on coastal meadows, whereas in years of high nest depredation, few hatching chicks lure fewer predators. The opposite effects on nest and local recruitment demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which population size variation in primary prey can affect dynamics of alternative prey populations.</p>
Community composition and species traits and plot positions
<p><span><span><span><span>Biodiversity decline and its cascading effects through trophic interactions pose a severe threat to ecosystem service worldwide. Within a synthetic conceptual framework for beta-diversity, we proposed a series of hypotheses related to multi-trophic community assembly in subtropical forests. Our results suggested that, resulting from niche-based bottom-up dynamics, producer dissimilarities are predominant in structuring consumer dissimilarity, the degree of which highly depends on the trophic dependency, the diversity facet and the data quality. More importantly, we detected a significant dynamic between niche-based processes (e.g. environmental filtering and competitive exclusion) with the increasing producer dissimilarity. These findings enrich our mechanistic understanding of the 'Diversity Begets Diversity' rule and the complexity of multi-trophic community assembly, which is fundamental and critical for sustainable biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.</span></span></span></span></p>
Observations of natural positive leader featuring stepwise propagation in low frequency magnetic field
<p>The high-speed video, B-field and E-field data of two cases in the manuscript is presented here.</p>
Fig. 1 in Systematic Position of the Enigmatic Psocid Family Lesneiidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha), With Description of Two New Species
Fig. 1. Female habitus of Lesneia spp., dorsal (left) and dorsolateral (right) views. (A) L. johnsoni n. sp. (B) L. testudinata n. sp. (C) L. nigra. Scale = 1 mm.
Figs. 3–5 in Systematic Position of the Enigmatic Psocid Family Lesneiidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha), With Description of Two New Species
Figs. 3–5. Female terminalia of Lesneia johnsoni n. sp. (3), Lesneia testudinata n. sp. (4), and Lesneia nigra (5). (A) terminalia, lateral view (setae omitted except for those on the paraproct). (B) epiproct, dorsal view. (C) subgenital plate, ventral view (setae omitted from right half).
Fig. 2 in Systematic Position of the Enigmatic Psocid Family Lesneiidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Psocomorpha), With Description of Two New Species
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree of the suborder Psocomorpha estimated by PhyML.The numbers associated with branch indicate bootstrap/posterior probability values, and
FIGURE 3 in Revised systematic position of Nasutitermes brevipilus Emerson, 1925 (Isoptera Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) and the designation of Hyleotermes gen. nov.
FIGURE 3. Worker mandibles of Hyleotermes brevipilus, comb. nov. A, type 1 (narrow gap); B, type 2 (broad gap). Gap is between the third marginal tooth (M3) and molar prominence (MP) of left mandibles.
FIGURE 6 in Revised systematic position of Nasutitermes brevipilus Emerson, 1925 (Isoptera Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) and the designation of Hyleotermes gen. nov.
FIGURE 6. Gizzard and enteric valve of the worker of Hyleotermes brevipilus, comb. nov. A, complete gizzard armature, showing columnar and pulvillar belts; B, detail of column I, ornamented with scales; C, detail of pulvillus I with their entire surface covered with long aciculiform spines.
FIGURE 2 in Revised systematic position of Nasutitermes brevipilus Emerson, 1925 (Isoptera Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) and the designation of Hyleotermes gen. nov.
FIGURE 2. Imago, soldier, and workers of Hyleotermes brevipilus, comb. nov. A, head and pronotum of female imago (paratype) in dorsal view; B, head of imago in profile; C, meso and metanotum of imago in dorsal view; D, soldier head in profile; E, soldier head in dorsal view; F, worker type 1 (narrow gap), head in dorsal view; G, worker type 2 (broad gap), head in dorsal view; H, worker type 2 (broad gap), head in profile view.
FIGURE 1. A in Revised systematic position of Nasutitermes brevipilus Emerson, 1925 (Isoptera Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) and the designation of Hyleotermes gen. nov.
FIGURE 1. A, Bayesian inference consensus tree with clade credibility values indicated for each node as percentages; B, Maximum likelihood tree, with ultrafast ML bootstrap values, respectively, labeled at the nodes.
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