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FIGURE 9 in New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)

FIGURE 9. Mistshenkoana gracilis male holotype in dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views, face in anterior view (D), label (E). Images from MNHN online collection by Marion Depraetere (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/eo/ensif6738).

FIGURE 3. Mnesibulus laguna n in New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)

FIGURE 3. Mnesibulus laguna n. sp. male holotype: habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views, face in anterior view (C), head and pronotum in lateral view (D), anterior tympanum in anterior view (E). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C–E).

FIGURE 15 in New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)

FIGURE 15. Mistshenkoana?cicur male genitalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C) and posterior (D) views, spermatophore in lateral view (E).

FIGURE 8 in New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)

FIGURE 8. Mistshenkoana?gracilis (sensu Gorochov, 2006) male genitalia in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular data provide new insights into the phylogeny of Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from China with the description of a new genus and species

FIGURE 1. BI tree of Tetrigoidea based on the dataset of the combined sequences of the COI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Values at nodes indicate BI posterior probabilities from the analyses of the combined genes.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

High-resolution neutron imaging: a new approach to characterize water in anodic aluminum oxides_data

In this document, we share the raw data related to the Al oxides and hydroxide reference samples collected for the manuscript entitled "High-resolution neutron imaging: a new approach to characterize water in anodic aluminum oxides". More specifically, the following data can be found: <ul> <li>high-resolution neutron imaging raw data for Al oxides (C-sapphire, Al2O3 sintered, Al2O3 plasma sprayed and Anodisc 13 membrane) and hydroxide (Al(OH)3 gibbsite)</li> <li>the corresponding XRD diffractograms.</li> </ul>

opennotspecifiedMar 2006View details →

List of tissue specimens of Hipposideros spp. used for cytochrome b sequencing and phylogenetic inference, with geographical data. Voucher refers to the location and/or accession number of the voucher, and tissue collection refers to the collection where the tissue is kept, and accession or collector numbers. Acronyms are as follows: Estación Biológica de DoZana, Sevilla, Spain (EBD), South Australia Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAM), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (SMF), Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, México (IEX), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (LSU), Charles M. Francis, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CMF), Lao Department of Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR, no catalogued (LAO). Next column indicates GenBank accession numbers. More information about the specimens is available in the GenBank records in A new species of bat of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Central Laos, with evidence of convergent evolution with Sundaic taxa

List of tissue specimens of Hipposideros spp. used for cytochrome b sequencing and phylogenetic inference, with geographical data. Voucher refers to the location and/or accession number of the voucher, and tissue collection refers to the collection where the tissue is kept, and accession or collector numbers. Acronyms are as follows: Estación Biológica de DoZana, Sevilla, Spain (EBD), South Australia Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAM), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (SMF), Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, México (IEX), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (LSU), Charles M. Francis, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CMF), Lao Department of Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR, no catalogued (LAO). Next column indicates GenBank accession numbers. More information about the specimens is available in the GenBank records

Data from: De novo gene birth, horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication as sources of new gene families associated with the origin of a symbiosis in Amanita

By introducing novel capacities and functions, new genes and gene families may play a crucial role in ecological transitions. Mechanisms generating new gene families include de novo gene birth, horizontal gene transfer and neofunctionalization following a duplication event. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is a ubiquitous mutualism and the association has evolved repeatedly and independently many times among the fungi, but the molecular dynamics enabling its emergence remain elusive. We developed a phylogenetic workflow to first understand if gene families unique to ECM Amanita fungi and absent from closely related asymbiotic species are functionally relevant to the symbiosis, and then to systematically infer their origins. We identified 109 gene families unique to ECM Amanita species. Genes belonging to unique gene families are under strong purifying selection and are upregulated during symbiosis, compared to genes of conserved or orphan gene families. The origins of seven of the unique gene families are strongly supported as either de novo gene birth (two gene families), horizontal gene transfer (four), and gene duplication (one). An additional 34 families appear new because of their selective retention within symbiotic species. Among the 109 unique gene families, the most upregulated gene in symbiotic cultures encodes an ACC deaminase, an enzyme capable of downregulating the synthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. Ethylene is a common negative regulator of plant-microbial mutualisms.

Data from: Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the NOW Polynya

Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a 'sea-ice algae-benthos' to a 'phytoplankton-zooplankton' dominance. We used mollusk shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the exported food to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve Astarte moerchi that lives at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s that we relate to a change in food availability. Fatty acid compositions of tissues show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We thus suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due to either local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to change in their phenology. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed.

Data from: A new small, mesorostrine inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from four late Miocene localities of the Pisco Basin, Peru

The moderately rich past diversity of the superfamily Inioidea (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans contrasts with the present survival of a single genus (Inia, Amazon river dolphin, family Iniidae) in freshwater deposits of South America and of a single species (Pontoporia blainvillei, Franciscana, family Pontoporiidae) along the eastern coast of that continent. However, part of the late Miocene to Pliocene inioid fossil record is made of relatively fragmentarily known species, for which systematic affinities remain poorly understood. Based on a sample of six cranial specimens from early late Miocene (Tortonian, 9.5-8.6 Ma) marine deposits of the Pisco Formation in four localities of the East Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru), we describe a new genus and species of inioid, Samaydelphis chacaltanae. Bearing a proportionally short rostrum with an upper tooth count of about 30 teeth per row, this small-sized species is characterized by a moderately elevated vertex of the cranium displaying a long anteromedial projection of the frontals and interparietal, as well as by the plesiomorphic retention of a premaxilla-nasal contact. Recovered as a member of the family Pontoporiidae in our phylogenetic analysis, S. chacaltanae falls as sister-group to Meherrinia isoni, from the late Miocene of North Carolina (U.S.A.), which has previously been tentatively referred to the Iniidae or regarded as a stem Inioidea. Originating from the P1 allomember of the Pisco Formation, the mesorostrine S. chacaltanae was contemporaneous and sympatric with two other inioids, the brevirostrine pontoporiid Brachydelphis mazeasi and the longirostrine iniid Brujadelphis ankylorostris.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: Phenotypic, ecological and genomic variation in common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) populations along depth gradients in New Zealand's Southern Great Lakes

Depth gradients in lakes are often key drivers of population divergence and speciation in fishes. New Zealand has many deep lakes but no known profundal specialist fishes or cases of intralacustrine speciation. We sampled a native benthic fish, the common bully, from 5–90 m depth in four South Island lakes, to test for morphological, ecological, or genetic differentiation associated with depth. Deeper fish consistently had narrower bodies, while other morphological traits showed variable relationships with depth. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of fish increased with depth, largely tracking isotopic trends with depth of benthic invertebrate prey. Genotyping-by-sequencing showed some genome-wide differentiation between two of the lakes, but no evidence for within-lake genetic structuring along depth gradients. These results indicate that individual bullies associate with shallower or deeper habitats within their lifetimes, but we found no evidence of progress toward genetic divergence within lakes. The apparent lack of intralacustrine genetic divergence in New Zealand's fishes may be explained by a combination of environmental factors and constraints intrinsic to its marine-derived freshwater fish fauna.

Data from: Decreased bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets and the resurgence of malaria in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has the highest malaria transmission outside of Africa. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are believed to have helped to reduce average malaria prevalence in PNG from 15.7% in 2008 to 1% in 2014. Since 2015 malaria indicators in PNG have risen significantly. In the present study, we observed a drastically decreased bioefficacy of unused LLINs with manufacturing dates between 2013 and 2019 collected from villages and LLIN distributors in PNG. Specifically, of the tested n=167 LLINs manufactured between 2013 and 2019 only 16% achieved <a>≥ 80% 24h-mortality or ≥ 95% 60 min-knockdown in cone bioassays </a>conducted with pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles farauti mosquitoes. In contrast, all (100%, n=25) LLINs with manufacturing dates between 2007 and 2012 achieved ≥ 80% 24h-mortality or ≥ 95% 60 min-knockdown. This difference was extremely statistically significant. We hypothesise that decreased bioefficacy of LLINs has contributed to the malaria resurgence in PNG.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Data from: Aeschynomene chicocesariana, a striking new unifoliolate legume species from Brazilian Chapada Diamantina and its phylogenetic placement in the dalbergioid clade

Unifoliolate leaves are relatively rare in the species-rich dalbergioid clade of papilionoid legumes (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae). For the pantropical, diverse genus Aeschynomene (ca. 180 species), the only known record of unifoliolate species described so far is the savanna-inhabiting A. simplicifolia from Chapada dos Veadeiros in Goiás, Brazil. The current work provides a description, illustrations, and a distribution map of another unifoliolate species, Aeschynomene chicocesariana, which was newly discovered in the rupestrian grasslands of Chapada Diamantina in Bahia, Brazil. The new species readily differs from A. simplicifolia by having mostly single-stemmed, erect habit, leaves with considerably shorter, 1.5–4 mm long petioles, leaflet blades densely pubescent beneath and glabrescent above and inconspicuously veined on both surfaces and without a marginal vein, and much smaller, ca. 15 × 14 mm standard petal. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and the plastid genes matK and trnL intron) have unequivocally placed A. chicocesariana with the rest of Aeschynomene species that are traditionally placed within sect. Ochopodium. This result concurs with the shared morphology of A. chicocesariana and members of that section.

Data from: Limitations to recovery following wildfire in dry forests of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, USA

Climate warming is contributing to increases in wildfire activity throughout the western U.S., leading to potentially long-lasting shifts in vegetation. The response of forest ecosystems to wildfire is thus a crucial indicator of future vegetation trajectories, and these responses are contingent upon factors such as seed availability, interannual climate variability, average climate (e.g., 30-year normals), and other components of the physical environment. To better understand variation in forest resilience to fire across vulnerable dry forests, we performed field surveys of conifer seedling abundance in 15 recent (1988-2010) wildfires and characterized temporal variation in seed cone production and seedling establishment. We then modeled post-fire seedling abundances for each species at a 30 m resolution using downscaled climate data, monthly water balance models, and canopy cover of surviving mature conifers. Widespread ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed cone production occurred at least twice following each fire surveyed and pulses of conifer seedling establishment coincided with years of above-average moisture availability. Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedling abundances were higher on more mesic sites and adjacent to surviving trees, though there were also important interspecific differences, likely attributable to drought- and shade-tolerance. We estimated that 41.8% (for ponderosa pine) and 68.5% (for Douglas-fir) of the total area burned did not meet tree density thresholds consistent with historical densities for each species. Spatial models demonstrated that the availability of seed trees (particularly in the interior of large, high-severity patches) limited seedling abundances in many areas, but 30-year average actual evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit also limited abundances on marginal sites. A better understanding of the limitations to post-fire recovery is likely to aid in developing adaptation and mitigation strategies through the improvement of models of future ecosystem change throughout the western U.S.

Data from: Evaluation of the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in a new species of Middle Triassic Darwinulocopina (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Argentina

The Darwinulocopina comprise an interest group of ostracods which where among the first invaders of freshwater waters during the late Palaeozoic. The Permian–Triassic extinction greatly reduced their diversity, reaching present times represented by one family. The darwinulids are regarded as "ancient asexuals" since a parthenogenetic mode of reproduction is assumed for all the post-Triassic members of the group. However, the high diversity achieved during the late Palaeozoic is often associated with sexual reproduction. Here we studied a monospecific association of ostracods from the Middle Triassic of the Cuyana Basin, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, and recognized a new species of Darwinulocopina, Prasuchonella? huarpe nov. sp. We discuss the traditional length/height and length/width graphical method to recognized ontogeny and/or sexual dimorphism in fossil ostracod assemblages, and performed a geometric morphometric analysis performed on both lateral and dorsal views of near one hundred seventy carapaces. The best results were obtained from the analysis in dorsal view, and four ontogenetic stages were discriminated (A-3, A-2, A-1 juveniles, adult). This allowed recognizing a main ontogenetic trend related to the development of the brooding chamber. Although subtle in differences, female carapaces are wider not only at the brooding chamber, but also along the whole length, compared to the carapaces of the presumptive males. Finally, full systematic descriptions and discussions, attempting to unify descriptive criteria for recent and fossil darwinulocopin carapaces, are provided. As a result, the need for a review of those Mesozoic records of Darwinulocopina, particularly those from the Triassic, is noted.

Achieving Bio-Protection in New Zealand Ecosystems mesocosm data

We established 160 experimental ecosystems (mesocosms), manipulated interactions between plants, soil biota and invertebrate herbivores in a fully factorial design. Each mesocosm was grown in a 125 L pot (575 mm diameter, Fig. 1B), and comprised one of 20 unique, eight-species plant communities varying orthogonally in the proportion of exotic and woody shrub/tree species (0-100% and 0-63%, respectively). These plants were taken from a pool of 20 exotic and 19 native/endemic New Zealand plant species. Soil biota were manipulated using a modified plant-soil feedback approach, where each plant species was grown in monoculture in 10 L pots containing field-collected soil for 9-10 months, allowing the conditioning of typical associated soil biota for each of the plant species. We created 'home' soils by taking the conditioned soil from each of the eight representative species in a mesocosm and mixing it together to create a single inoculum. Each 'home' soil mixture was also used as an 'away soil' in a different mesocosm that did not contain any of the representative plants in that inoculum. These soils were intended to increase the relative biomass in inocula of specialized and preferred interaction partners of the resident (or non-resident) plant species. Invertebrate insect herbivore populations were added into half of the mesocosms with home soils and half with away soils. Thirteen invertebrate herbivore species introduced into the mesocosms successfully established, along with seven self-colonizing species, totaling 20 species in all. All mesocosms were sealed with mesh cages (15% shade factor) designed to retain added herbivores and exclude others from entering. In each mesocosm, we measured distinct ecosystem properties and processes that are relevant to carbon cycling dynamics: above and belowground biomass; total in situ soil respiration; basal respiration; microbial biomass (measured as substrate-induced respiration); decomposition (rate of standardized substrate mass loss); soil organic matter; nitrogen availability; herbivore biomass; arbuscular mycorrhizal and other fungal biomass (using neutral- and phospho-lipid fatty acid [NLFA and PLFA] biomarkers, respectively); and bacterial biomass (PLFA).

opennotspecifiedFeb 2019View details →

FIGURE 2 in New locality and new habitat data of Philonthus nitidus (Fabr., 1787) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the Polish Carpathians

FIGURE 2. Analysis of frequency of males and females of Philonthus nitidus in individual months of the vegetation season

opennotspecifiedFeb 2019View details →

FIGURE 1 in New locality and new habitat data of Philonthus nitidus (Fabr., 1787) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in the Polish Carpathians

FIGURE 1. Map of Poland with locations of Philonthus nitidus (F.) presented in the study. Black circles—locations, where it was recorded until 1950, black squares—locations, where it was recorded from 1951 to 2012, red triangles—new location. The map of Poland was generated with program MapaUTM ver. 5.2 (Gierlasiński 2019)

Data from: What's in a colluvial deposit? New perspectives from archaeopedology.

Colluvial deposits are considered as sedimentary archives for the reconstruction of soil erosion history, Holocene climate, past pedogenesis and land use. However, the human contribution to the formation of colluvial deposits is mainly based on quantitative assumptions derived from the local chronostratigraphy and archaeology. For this reason, there is often a substantial gap in the qualitative identification of specific land use practices that caused prehistoric soil erosion. We use an archaeopedological multi-proxy approach on a multi-layered colluvial deposit (six colluvial horizons) at the prehistoric site of Fürstenberg (Southwest Germany) to gain detailed insights into the soil erosion history, past pedogenesis and land use practices since the Neolithic. Soil and geochemical analyses such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), pedogenic oxides, pH-value and calcium carbonate content support the chronostratigraphy based on ages from optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS 14C dating. Further, biogeochemical analyses of phytoliths, charcoal spectra, black carbon (BC), soil organic matter (SOM) composition by using pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectroscopy (Py-FIMS), urease activity, steroid biomarker and heavy metals (HM) are used as land use proxies. The OSL and 14C ages indicate five phases of colluvial deposition and land use comprising the Early to Younger Neolithic, the Urnfield to Hallstatt period, the Iron to Roman Age, the High Middle Ages and the pre-modern period. The soil and geochemical proxies correlate with a phase of geomorphodynamic stability between the Early to Younger Neolithic and the Urnfield to Hallstatt period. The high abundance of grass morphotypes since the Neolithic and the increase of Juniperus species since the Urnfield to Hallstatt period indicate a persistent anthropogenic impact on the vegetation. Considerable amounts of burned OM (up to 1600 g BC kg-1 SOC, also identified as thermally stabilized SOM compounds by Py-FIMS) at greater soil depths provide information that fire clearing (e.g. slash-and-burn) was especially used to open and maintain the landscape until the Roman Age. The absence of phytolith species originating from cereals, the occurrence of Juniperus and the evidence from the analysis of urease activity and faecal biomarkers indicate that the slopes of the Fürstenberg were mainly used for livestock farming and wood procurement. Thus, the application of specific soil-biogeochemical proxies to colluvial deposits provide new information on the nature of past land use practices that caused soil erosion and the formation of colluvial deposits at that time. In general, archaeopedological multi-proxy analyses of colluvial deposits, integrating the local archaeological record, contributes to a refined understanding of how humans have shaped the landscape since the Neolithic.

Data from msGBS: A new high-throughput approach to quantify the relative species abundance in root samples of multi-species plant communities

Plant interactions are as important belowground as aboveground. Belowground plant interactions are however inherently difficult to quantify, as roots of different species are difficult to disentangle. Although for a couple of decades molecular techniques have been successfully applied to quantify root abundance, root identification and quantification in multi-species plant communities remains particularly challenging. Here we present a novel methodology, multi-species Genotyping By Sequencing (msGBS), as a next step to tackle this challenge. First, a multi-species meta-reference database containing thousands of gDNA clusters per species is created from GBS derived High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) reads. Second, GBS derived HTS reads from multi-species root samples are mapped to this meta-reference which, after a filter procedure to increase the taxonomic resolution, allows the parallel quantification of multiple species. The msGBS signal of 111 mock-mixture root samples, with up to 8 plant species per sample, was used to calculate the within-species abundance. Optional subsequent calibration yielded the across-species abundance. The within- and across-species abundances highly correlated (R2 range 0.72-0.94 and 0.85-0.98, respectively) to the biomass-based species abundance. Compared to a qPCR based method which was previously used to analyze the same set of samples, msGBS provided similar results. Additional data on 11 congener species groups within 105 natural field root samples showed high taxonomic resolution of the method. <a>msGBS is highly scalable in terms of sensitivity and species numbers within samples, which is a major advantage compared to the qPCR method and advances our tools to reveal hidden belowground interactions.</a> This dataset belongs to the article "msGBS: A new high-throughput approach to quantify the relative species abundance in root samples of multi-species plant communities". msGBS is a technique that uses Genotyping By Sequencing on mixed plant species root samples which, after a filtering step to increase the taxonomic resolution and calibration, is able to estimate plant species abundances. The article uses data of two different experiment: <ol> <li>the Jena field survay (13 plant species) and</li> <li>the Dutch field survay (120 plant species).</li> </ol>