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Fig. 15 in A new genus and three new species of mangrove slugs from the Indo-West Pacific (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)

Fig. 15. Paromoionchis tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. unit #3, radula, Papua New Guinea, Madang. A. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth, [5432] (MNHN IM-2013-10478). B. Lateral teeth with rachidian teeth, same as A. C. Lateral teeth, same as A. D. Outermost lateral teeth, [5433] (MNHN IM-2013-10479). Scales: A = 10 μm; B, D = 20 μm; C = 25 μm.

Fig. 18 in A new genus and three new species of mangrove slugs from the Indo-West Pacific (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)

Fig. 18. Paromoionchis tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. unit #1, spine of accessory penial gland. A. Indonesia, Lombok [2950] (UMIZ 00131). B. Philippines, Bohol [3344] (PNM 041258). C. Indonesia, Ambon [2832] (UMIZ 00129). D. Australia, Northern Territory [1634] (NTM P.57620). E. Australia, Queensland [2637] (MTQ). F. Distal tip of spine, Indonesia, Halmahera [5102] (UMIZ 00136). G. Distal tip of spine, same as D. Scales: A–D = 200 μm; E = 400 μm; F–G = 20 μm.

Fig. 24 in A new genus and three new species of mangrove slugs from the Indo-West Pacific (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)

Fig. 24. Paromoionchis tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. unit #1, habitats. A. Australia, Queensland, mangrove by creek with Rhizophora and Avicennia (station 119). B. Indonesia, Ambon, mangrove with large Rhizophora and some open spaces between trees (station 131). C. Indonesia, Lombok, mudflat at the margin of mangrove (station 145). D. Philippines, Bohol, narrow forest on the edge of fish ponds, with tall Rhizophora and Avicennia trees, and different types of mud (station 194). E. Indonesia, Halmahera, logged area by an old Rhizophora forest (station 212). F. Vietnam, Nha Trang, mostly Avicennia trees, mud not deep (station 239).

Fig. 17 in A new genus and three new species of mangrove slugs from the Indo-West Pacific (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)

Fig. 17. Paromoionchis tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov., reproductive system. A. Unit #3, posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system, Papua New Guinea, Madang [5433] (MNHN IM-2013-10479). B. Unit #2, posterior hermaphroditic (female) reproductive system, Australia, Northern Territory [1638] (NTM P.57623). C. Male copulatory organs, same as A. D. Male copulatory organs, same as B. Abbreviations: ag = accessory penial gland; dd = deferent duct; fgm = female gland mass; hd = hermaphroditic duct; hg = hermaphroditic gland; ms = muscular sac (of accessory penial gland); ov = oviduct; ps = penial sheath; rm = retractor muscle; rs = receptaculum seminis; sp = spermatheca; v = vestibule. Scales: A, C = 1 mm; B, D = 3 mm.

Fig. 14 in A new genus and three new species of mangrove slugs from the Indo-West Pacific (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae)

Fig. 14. Paromoionchis tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. unit #2, radula, Australia, Northern Territory [1638] (NTM P.57623). A. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. B. Lateral teeth with rachidian teeth. C. Lateral teeth. D. Outermost lateral teeth. Scales: A = 30 μm; B–C = 50 μm; D = 20 μm.

Micro-CT scans, whole-test meshes, and internal chamber segments of planktonic foraminifera for three-dimensional analysis of inter- and intra-specific variation in ontogenetic growth trajectories

Here, we release tomographic reconstructions of 42 planktonic foraminifera from plankton tows and sediment traps, along with meshes and shrinkwrap meshes the whole tests and internal meshes of segmented chambers. Shrinkwrap meshes are test meshes that have been modified to close all pores and apertures in the test. Additionally, we have provided sample metadata for each specimen and volumetric measurements for the tests and chambers. This dataset was used in a study of ontogenetic growth in planktonic foraminifera and its variation within and among species.  The CT-scans and reconstructions were obtained at Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, the Netherlands with a Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa micro-CT scanner. The meshes and segments were created at Yale University. <ol> <li>Sample_Metadata.csv: Spreadsheet containing information on the sampling localities and dates for all specimens.</li> <li>Scan_data.csv: Spreadsheet containing metadata for all micro-CT scans including current strength, pixel size, voltage, image height, image width, and the number of images taken.</li> <li>Whole_Test_Measurements.csv:  Spreadsheet containing measurements of linear dimensions (axis1, axis2, axis 3), total number of chambers, calcite test volume, calcite test surface area, shrinkwrap volumes, and and shrinkwrap surface areas for all specimens.</li> <li>Chamber_Measurements.csv: Spreadsheet containing measurements of individual internal chamber segments, including position from the final chamber (F-chamber), position from the first chamber (Chamber), volume, and surface area.</li> <li>CT_Scan_Stacks.zip: reconstructed micro-CT image stacks (.tif files) for each specimen.</li> <li>Meshes.zip: Meshes of the test calcite, the shrinkwrap, and the internal chamber segments for each specimen (.stl 3D mesh files). Regular test meshes are named with the format “SampleID.stl”, and shrinkwrap meshes are named “SampleID-WRAP.stl”. Chamber meshes are named “SampleID-CH#.stl” and “SampleID-CH#-Wrap.stl”. Chambers are numbered in relation to their position from the final chamber, with “CH1” being the final chamber and “CH2” being the penultimate chamber.</li> </ol> This data is described and analyzed in the manuscript “Three-Dimensional Analysis of Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Ontogenetic Growth Trajectories of Planktonic Foraminifera” submitted to the journal Marine Micropaleontology.

Fig. 6. Skeletal arrangement. A in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species

Fig. 6. Skeletal arrangement. A. Lamellomorpha australis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. showing dense, crustose ectosome packed with microrhabds and other microscleres, a rough megasclere bundle in the subectosome, emerging perpendicular to the surface, and the choanosome densely packed with microscleres (NIWA 89736 leg., holotype). B. L. australis sp. nov. showing the subectosome densely packed with microscleres, and megascleres radiating in the plane of the sponge body (NIWA 89717 leg.). C. L. strongylata Bergquist, 1968 showing a thin, fleshy ectosome packed with microrhabds and other microscleres, through which projects an 'extra-axial' tract of megascleres, traversing the subectosome and projecting through the surface (NIWA 93474 leg.). D. L. strongylata showing the 'axial' arrangement of contort strongyloxeas in the deep choanosome (NIWA 93474 leg.). E. Poecillastra ducitriaenea Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. showing a densely packed, crustose ectosome through which subectosomal megascleres project, a relatively cavernous subectosomal region packed with microxeas, and in the deep choanosome, huge swathes of oxeas (NIWA 61944 leg., holotype). Scale bars = 500 µm.

Fig. 5 in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species

Fig. 5. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Poecillastra macquariensis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. (NIWA 52640 leg., holotype). A. Stalk, showing smooth attachment base with specks of remaining substrate, and broken edge of the upper part of the sponge. B. Microxeas. C. Detail of microxea showing roughened surface. D. Contort oxea of choanosome. E. Range of triaenes with medium to short shafts (calthrops). F. Plesiasters. G. Spiraster to metaster-like streptasters.

Fig. 3 in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species

Fig. 3. Morphology, megascleres, and microscleres of Lamellomorpha australis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. A. Bilamellate form (NIWA 89736 leg., holotype). B. Club-shaped morphology showing both sides (NIWA 93483 leg., paratype). C. Sinuous oxeas (NIWA 44388 leg.). D. Curved, roughened microstrongyles (rounded ends) and microxeas (blunt-pointed ends) (NIWA 44388 leg.). E. Metasterlike streptasters with heavily spined, relatively long rays (NIWA 89736 leg. and NIWA 89717 leg.). F. Spirasters with dense, short, microspined rays (NIWA 44388 leg. and NIWA 89736 leg.).

Fig. 2 in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species

Fig. 2. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Lamellomorpha strongylata Bergquist, 1968. A. Deck image showing midnight blue colouration and palmate morphology (NIWA 93474 leg., image Lori J. Bell, CRRF). B. Loss of colouration and radiating skeleton (NIWA 73253 leg.). C. Range of roughened microstrongyles showing centrotylote forms and more typical curved forms (penultimate: NIWA 356 leg., rest: NIWA 93474 leg.). D. Sinuous oxeas (NIWA 93474 leg.). E. Metaster- to amphiaster-like streptasters (left: NIWA 93474 leg., center and right: NIWA 356 leg.); F. Metaster- to amphiaster-like streptasters (left and center: NIWA 356 leg., right: NIWA 93474 leg.).

Fig. 2 in Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies

Fig. 2. Inflorescence, pollinarium, and leaf. A, C, E. Inflorescences. B, D, G. Pollinaria. F. Leaf. A–B. H. danumensis subsp. amarii S.Rahayu & Rodda subsp. nov. (Amar Husein Sitompul s.n. leg., BO). C–D. H. solokensis S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. (Fadly s.n. leg., BO). E–G. H. rigidifolia S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. (S. Rahayu 865 leg., BO). Photos: Amar Husein Sitompul (A), Fadly (C), S. Rahayu (E–F), and M. Rodda (B, D, G).

Fig. 1. Flowers. A, C, E in Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies

Fig. 1. Flowers. A, C, E. Top view of the flower. B, D, F. Side view of the flower, with part of corolla removed. A–B. H. danumensis subsp. amarii S.Rahayu & Rodda subsp. nov. (Amar Husein Sitompul s.n. leg., BO). C–D. H. solokensis S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. (Fadly s.n. leg., BO). E–F. H. rigidifolia S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. (S. Rahayu 865 leg., BO). Drawing: X. Y. Loh.

Fig. 4. Hoya sumatrana S in Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies

Fig. 4. Hoya sumatrana S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. A–B. Leaves from above. C–D. Leaves from from underneath. Photos: M. Rodda.

Fig. 3. Hoya sumatrana S in Hoya of Sumatra, an updated checklist, three new species, and a new subspecies

Fig. 3. Hoya sumatrana S.Rahayu & Rodda sp. nov. A. Buds. B. Inflorescence, from underneath. C. Flower, from top. D. Corolla, from underneath, calyx and pedicel. E. Flower, side view. F. Corona, from underneath. G. Pedicel, calyx and ovaries. H. Pollinarium. Photos: M. Rodda.

Fig. 1 in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species

Fig. 1. Study area showing the collection localities for: Lamellomorpha strongylata Bergquist, 1968, around Middlesex Bank, Three Kings Islands, and Spirits Bay (triangles); L. australis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov., Bounty Platform, Campbell Plateau, Solander Trough, and Macquarie Ridge (Australian EEZ) (circles); Poecillastra ducitriaena Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov., on the eastern edge of the Snares Platform (square); and Poecillastra macquariensis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov., on Seamount 5, Macquarie Ridge (star).

Video supplement: A three-dimensional palaeo-reconstruction of the groundwater salinity distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer

Videos of validated models. The filenames indicate simulation code, for explanation see accompanying paper, submitted to HESS. Abstract The Nile Delta is an important agricultural area with a fast-growing population. Though traditionally irrigated with surface water, the delta increasingly relies on groundwater. However, saline groundwater extends far land inward, rendering groundwater close to the coastal zone useless for consumption or agriculture. To aid groundwater management decisions, hydrogeologists reconstructed this saline and brackish groundwater zone using variable-density groundwater models with very large dispersivities. However, this approach cannot explain the observed freshening of this zone as observed by hydrogeochemists, who hypothesize that the coastal saline zone is the effect of the Holocene transgression. Here, we investigated physical plausibility of this hypothesis by conducting a palaeo-reconstruction of groundwater salinity for the last 32 ka with a complex 3D variable-density groundwater flow model, using state-of-the-art model code that allows for parallel computation. Several scenarios with different lithologies and hypersaline groundwater provenances were simulated, of which five were selected that showed the best match with the observations. Amongst these selections, total fresh water volumes varied strongly, ranging from 1526 to 2659 km3, mainly due to uncertainties in the lithology offshore and at larger depths. This range is smaller (1511-1989 km3) when we consider the volumes of onshore fresh groundwater within 300 m depth. Regardless of the variance, in all cases the total volume of hypersaline groundwater exceeded that of sea water. We also show that during the last 32 ka, the total fresh groundwater volumes significantly declined, with a factor ranging from 1.9 to 5.4, due to the rising sea-level. Compared to a steady-state solution with present-day boundary conditions, the palaeo-reconstruction improved our validation for the saline zone (5 g/L – 35 g/L TDS).  Also, under highly permeable conditions the marine transgression simulated with the palaeo-reconstruction led to a steeper fresh-salt interface compared to its steady-state equivalent, while low permeable clay layers allowed for the preservation of volumes of fresh groundwater. This shows that long-term transient simulations are needed when estimating present-day fresh-salt groundwater distribution in large deltas. The insights of this study are also applicable to other major deltaic areas, given the wide-range of lithological model scenarios used in this study and since many deltas also experienced a Holocene marine transgression.

Fig. 8 in Morphological observations on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae)

Fig. 8. LM micrographs of genital spines of a ♀ Corynosoma strumosum (HWML 39481–1158-2) from a grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, from the archipelago of Åland (Finland). a. Posterior of trunk. b. Enlargement of rectangular region in subfigure a.

Fig. 7 in Morphological observations on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae)

Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of Corynosoma strumosum from grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, in the Swedish Baltic Sea. a. ♂, whole worm, ventro-lateral view, from the Bothnian Sea, Uppland, Östhammar. b. Ventral spination on the hind-trunk of a ♂ restricted to one-third of its length only. c. Proboscis of a ♂, lateral view, showing the spineless neck and the arrangement of the hooks. d. Posterior end of a ♂ showing the extended copulatory bursa.

Fig. 5 in Morphological observations on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae)

Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of Corynosoma semerme from grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, in the Swedish Baltic Sea. a. ♀, entire worm, ventro-lateral view, from the Bothnian Sea, Hälsingland, Stocka. Spines cover the entire ventral surface of the hind-trunk. b. ♂, whole worm, ventral view, from the Bothnian Sea, Hälsningland, Stocka. Ventral spination of the entire hind-trunk and numerous genital spines. c. Proboscis of a ♀, ventral view, showing the arrangement of the hooks. d. Base of proboscis of a ♀, lateral view, showing the spineless neck and the posterior and middle series of hooks. e. Anterior end of proboscis of a ♀ showing the bare tip. f. Trunk spines of the fore-trunk of a ♂, ventral view. g. Posterior end of a ♀ showing the trunk-spines that extend over the ventral surface as far as the gonopore. h. Posterior end of a ♂ with numerous genital spines.

Fig. 4 in Morphological observations on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae)

Fig. 4. LM micrographs showing posterior end of Corynosoma magdaleni from a grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, from the archipelago of Åland (Finland). a. ♂ showing everted bursa and genital spine (arrows) (HWML 39480–1041-3). b. ♀ (HWML 39480–1141-2).